Gertrude Bell
Page 59
Chamier, Captain, 322
Chicago, Illinois, 64
Chirol, Sir Valentine Ignatius (“Domnul”), 44, 76, 123, 131–32, 142
in Constantinople, 45
in India, 61, 252, 253, 255
in Paris, 304, 348, 351
GLB’s letters to, 54–55, 67, 69, 120, 133, 163, 171, 180–81, 226, 227, 229, 230, 232, 233, 235, 262, 265, 291, 296, 311, 316, 317, 363, 368–69
obituary of GLB, 415, 418
Christian sects in Mesopotamia, 300
Churchill, Winston, 34, 244, 286, 307, 332, 355, 407
in Sicily, 1902, 113
on mustard gas, 318
at Cairo Conference, 3, 365, 366–68, 369, 370, 400
subsequently, 372, 391
ill.
City of Rio de Janeiro (steamship), 60
Clandon Park, Surrey, England: hospital, 147, 220
Clayton, Gen. Sir Gilbert, 239–40, 250, 252, 314, 325, 341, 353, 354, 401
Coe, Jean, 153–54, 158–59
Collier, Eric and Gerard, 81
Colonial Office, London, 246, 380, 389
Constantinople, Turkey, 131, 160, 168, 279
Hashemites, 243, 335–37
GLB visits, 1889, 45
1905, 110
1909, 110, 120n
in WWI, 149
Constituent Assembly, Iraq, 360, 393, 404, 412
Cooper Abbs, K. E. M., 7
Cornwallis, Sir Kinahan, 270, 365, 370, 401
in Baghdad, 374, 376, 380, 389–91, 393, 398, 401–403, 406
in London, 408
in Iraq, 1926, 409–10, 414
writes of GLB, 270
ill.
Coronation, King Faisal of Iraq, 380–81
Council of State, Iraq, 361, 362, 363, 366, 376
Courtney, Janet see Hogarth, Janet
Cox, Sir Percy Z., High Commissioner for Iraq, 168, 386
at Basra, 256–57, 258, 264–65, 266, 272
in Baghdad, 272, 274–75, 276, 278, 281, 282, 283, 284, 288, 302, 310, 316, 324, 330
moved to Teheran, 301, 327
in London, 329
in Baghdad, 1920, 329, 332, 333–34, 360, 361, 362, 363
at Cairo Conference 1921, 365, 366–68, 370, 400
in Baghdad subsequently, 372, 373, 374, 376, 380, 381, 384, 388, 390, 391, 398, 405
controls Iraq during Faisal’s illness, 392–93
1923, 400
in London, 404
leaves Iraq, 404
ill.
Crackenthorpe, Bertie, 139
Cromer, Evelyn Baring, 1st Earl, British Consul-General in Egypt, 94
Croudace, Camilla, 29, 30, 32
Ctesiphon, Mesopotamia, 110, 263, 369, 379
Cubitt, Thomas, 10
Cubitt, Sir William, 10
Curzon, George Nathaniel, 1st Marquess of Kedleston, Viceroy of India, 61–62, 356
Cyprus, 399
D
Dair al Zor, Syria, 321
Daja tribe, 115
Damascus, Syria, 105, 106, 109, 110, 118, 164, 178, 198
GLB in, 1913, 169–73
Maidan, 171
Palace Hotel, 169
Faisal in, with Jemal Pasha, 337–38
1914, 215
Arabas advance on, 344–46
British take, 1918, 346, 355
1919, 314
under French Mandate, 357, 358, 360, 362
Davidson, Iris, 402
Davidson, Nigel, 389, 402, 406
Deedes, Sir Wyndham, 218, 368
Delaire, Marie (lady’s maid), 131, 136, 221–22, 235, 269, 313, 314, 406, 408
in Baghdad, 314–15, 403, 413–14
Delhi, India: 1903, 61
1916, 251–52, 253, 255, 256
Der’a, Syria, 346
desert, travelling in, 120–24
1900, 99–109
1905, 110, 114–20
1909, 110, 112, 120–21, 124
1911, 110, 125–26
1913–14, 110–11, 164–69, 170–93, 205–208, 211–16
The Desert and the Sown, 120, 130, 182–83, 184
Dickens, Charles, 24, 34, 45–46
Director of Antiquities in Iraq (GLB), 410–11, 416
Diwaniyah, Iraq, 323
Dobbs, Sir Henry, 289–90, 384, 405, 412
after GLB’s death, 415, 416, 417
Dorman Long Company, 61, 111, 369
Doughty, Charles Montague, 129, 145, 341
Arabia Deserta, 129, 133, 168, 182, 186, 193, 194, 196
Doughty-Wylie, Charles (“Dick”), 129–31, 132–57, 159, 162–63, 167, 246, 296, 303
career, 129
in Young Turks’ rebellion, 132
at Rounton, 137–38, 140
in London, 133, 140–41, 145, 149–51, 154, 232
letters to GLB, 137–38, 140, 143–46, 148, 153, 154, 155, 168–69, 176, 208, 232
GLB’s letters to and diary entries for, 132, 150–51, 152–53, 155, 168, 172, 175, 179–81, 185, 187, 189, 191, 201, 206, 207, 211, 212, 214, 215, 441
letter to his mother-in-law, 153–54
at Gallipoli, 155–56
death, 153, 156–57, 235
visitor to grave, 157–61, 247
ill.
Doughty-Wylie, Lilian (“Judith”), 129–31, 132, 134, 135, 136, 141, 144
in France, 149
threatens suicide, 152, 153–55
widowed, 157, 158–59
visits husband’s grave, 158–60
ill.
Drower, Edward, 389
Druze, Jebel, mountains, Jordan, 99, 110, 115, 172, 241
Druze tribes: GLB visits, 1900, 102, 103–105
1905, 115, 116–17, 247
1913, 173–74
rebel, 1925, 360
Dulaim tribe, 377, 417
Duris, Lebanon, ill.
E
East Rounton church, 92
education: Florence Bell’s ideas, 24–26
in Iraq, 293–94, 316, 323
Turkish, 293–94
Egypt, 116, 239–40, 256, 314
see also Cairo
electoral systems, 370–72
Engelhörner mountains, Switzerland, 81, 82–85
Enver Pasha Gen. Ismael, Turkish Minister of War, 338
Erskine, Col., 208
Euphrates River, 110, 112, 210, 244, 277, 279, 281, 377
mapping, 1909, 124
1917, 289
Everybody’s Weekly, 385
F
Fahad Beg ibn Hadhdbal, Sheikh, 212–13, 268, 282–83, 297, 300, 361, 377, 378
Faisal ibn Hussain, Sharif, King of Iraq: early life, 335, 336
in Constantinople, 243, 336, 337
with Turkish army, 337–38
in Arab Revolt, 337–47
TEL first meets, 340
Allenby meets, 346
GLB first meets, 352–53
describes GLB, 385–86
at Paris Peace Conference, 347, 348–49, 350, 352, 355, 359
in London, 1919, 357
returns to Syria, 1919, 357
King of Syria, 357–58
leaves Syria, 358–59
prospects of throne of Iraq, 3, 365, 366, 367–68, 370
in Baghdad, 1921, 373–74, 375, 380
at Ramadi gathering, 376–79
coronation, 380–81
in Baghdad as King, 381, 383, 384, 388, 389–99, 401, 402–404, 405, 406
appendicitis, 392–93
family, 393–96
in London, 1925, 407–408
in Iraq, 1926, 409–10, 412
after GLB’s death, 415, 416
ill.
Fallujah, Iraq, 377
Fao, Kuwait, 245
Farrer, Reginald, 67, 68
Fatima (of Hayyil), 195, 200, 204
Fattuh (Armenian servant), 119, 128, 169–70, 172, 176, 177, 179, 186, 188, 190, 192, 200, 207, 211, 313
hospitalized, 131
in 1919, 314
ill.
Fella
h (camelherd), 172, 174, 184, 200, 211
Ferdinand, Archduke of Austria, 218
Ferid Pasha, Grand Vizier, 131
Finsteraarhorn mountain, Switzerland, 86–91
ill.
Fisher, Admiral of the Fleet John, 1st Baron Kilverstone, British First Sea Lord, 244
Foch, Ferdinand, Marshal of France, 305
Foreign Office, British, 166, 168, 179, 236, 238, 249, 251
Fortuin, Belgium, 234
franchise, 24, 69–72
Franco-British Declaration, 1918, 307, 308, 319–20, 346, 350
Führer, Heinrich and Ulrich (mountain guides), 79, 80, 81–85, 86–92, ill.
Furse, Rev. Michael, 63
G
Gallipoli: campaign, 149–50, 152–53, 155–57
D-W’s grave, 156, 157–60, 161
Garah, 213
gardening, 66, 67–69
Gardiner, Prof. S. R., 39
Garland, Maj. H. G., 343
gas, mustard, 318–19
gazelle, 212, 298
Gazetteer of Arabia, 256
George V, King of England, 414
Georges-Picot, François, 250, 345, 350
Germany: in WWI, 217–18
after WWI, 347
Ghanimat tribe, 99
Ghazi, Amir (son of King Faisal), xviii, 394, 396
Ghiath tribe, 118
Glion, Switzerland, 66
Gouraud, Gen. Henri J. E., 358
Greece, 112–13
Green, J. R., 20, 30
Grey, Edward, 1st Viscount Falloden, British Foreign Secretary, 219, 239
Grieve, Miss (in Arabia), 107
H
Hafiz (Persian poet), 53, 57–59, 163, 164
Haifa, Israel, 109, 241
Haldane, Gen. Sir Aylmer, 381
Halil Pasha, Gen., 263
Hall, Capt. R., 160, 238, 252
Hamad (escort), 173
Hamawand tribe, 309
Hamid Khan, 379
Hamilton, Gen. Sir Ian, C. in C. Mediterranean Expeditionary Forces, 156, 157
Harb al Daransheh, Sheikh, 186–87, 188
ill.
Harb tribe, 342
Hardinge, Charles, 1st Baron Penshurst, Viceroy of India, 44, 245–46, 251–53, 254, 257, 272, 338
GLB meets, 255, 256
GLB’s letters to, 262, 363, 397
harems, 188, 195–96, 202, 336 ill. Harithya, Baghdad, 388, 394, 395
Harrison, Marguerite, 383–84
Hasa Province, Saudi Arabia, 210, 266
Hashemites, 243, 308, 335–37, 374, 399
see also Hussain ibn Ali el-Aun, Sharif
Hasineh tribe, 108
Hassan, Sayyid, mujtahid, 321
Hawr al Hammar lagoon, Iraq, 261
Hayyil, Saudi Arabia, 110, 143, 166–68, 170–71, 190, 193
GLB in, 194–205, 207, 216
Ibn Saud takes, 1921, 396
ill.
Hejaz: and Arab Revolt, 243, 248, 254, 335, 337, 343, 346
Sauds attack, 396, 397, 398
see also place names
Henley, Sylvia (née Stanley), 113, 407, 408, 409
Herbert, Aubrey, 67, 241, 263, 351
Hickey, Michael, 158, 160
Hilah (wife of Muhammad Abu Tayyi), 188
Hogarth, David, 40
archaeology, 112, 125, 128
with Arab Bureau, 160, 161, 167, 236–37, 239, 240, 241, 242
after GLB’s death, 415
Hogarth, Janet (later Courtney), xviii, 40, 72, 129, 236–37, 406, 407
Homs, Syria, 118
horse riding, 97–98, 106
Hourani, Albert, 182
Howeitat tribe, 116, 186–89, 417
ill.
Huber, Charles, 167
Hussain, Sayid, 381
Hussain ibn Ali el-Aun, Emir, Sharif of Mecca, 335
detained in Constantinople, 243, 336
as father 336
McMahon correspondence, 244, 248, 250, 345, 359
and Arab Revolt, 242–44, 254, 337–41, 345
subsequently, 349, 357
abdication, 396
and Faisal, 359, 396, 397
last years, 399
Hussaina, Amira, Queen of Iraq (wife of King Faisal), 394–95, 396
I
Ibn Mutab, Sheikh, 175
Ibn Rashid, Amir, 166, 175, 205
Ibn Saud, Abdul Aziz, King of Saudi Arabia, 166, 175, 190, 206, 210, 266–68, 285, 308, 374
in Basra, 266–68
described by GLB, 205, 267
his view of GLB, 267–68
takes Hayyil, 396
attacks Hejaz and Hashemites, 396, 398, 399 ill.
Ibrahim (of Hayyil), 196, 197, 198, 200–202, 204, 215–16
India, 95
Lord Curzon’s durbar, 61–62
and Mesopotamia, 244, 245, 249, 250
government attitude to Arabia, 245–46, 249, 250
GLB visits Viceroy, 252, 254, 255–56
India Office, London, 249, 285, 330, 332
Indian Army Expeditionary Force D, 246, 259, 265, 280, 299
Intrusives, 250, 254, 307
Iraq, 110, 319
borders, 301, 321, 322, 400, 411
taxation, 290, 323–34, 332
After WWI, 308, 319
Franco-British Declaration, 1918, 307, 308, 319–20, 346–47, 350
British Mandate, 319, 329, 360, 368, 388–91
elections, 1921, 370–72
referendum, 1921, 376
British-Iraq Treaty, 1922, 389, 391, 393, 404, 411
elections, 1923, 405
Organic Law, 393, 404, 412
tripartite treaty with Britiain and Turkey, 412
see also Baghdad
Mesopotamia
Iraq Museum, xviii, 410, 411
“Gertrude Bell Room,” 416
Ironside, Gen. Sir Edmund, C in C.
British Forces, Persia, later C.I.G.S.
and 1st Baron, 366
Istabulat, Iraq, 289
J
Jaf tribe, 309
Jafar Pasha el Askeri, Iraq Minister of Defence, Ambassador to Great Britain, 344, 361, 362, 363, 366
Jamal Zahawi, 375
James, Henry, 49
The Awkward Age, 49
Jaudat Bey, 395
Jemal Pasha, Gen. Mehmed, Turkish
Governor-General of Syria, 337–38, 344, 369
Jersualem, 95–96
GLB’s early visits, 67, 94, 96–99, 107, 109
Hotel Jerusalem, 96–97
Jews in, 96, 354–55
1919, 314
Jewish Legion, 355
Jews, 95, 96, 313–14, 353–56
Jidda, Saudi Arabia, 337, 339, 341, 345
Jof, Saudi Arabia, 189, 200, 205
John, Augustus, 352
Jones, Miss (hospital matron), 269, 317–18
Jordan Valley, 99, 114–15
judicial system, Iraq, 291–92
K
Kadhimain, Iraq, 320–21
Karbala, Iraq, 124, 207, 247, 282, 294
pilgrim burial at, 289; 1917, 289, 300
Kemal, Ismail, 120n
Kemal, Mustafa (Ataturk), President of Republic of Turkey, 396
Kerak, Jordan, 100, 239
Khanikin (Khaniqin, Khanakin), Iraq, 309–11
King Faisal’s farm, 388, 409
Kharaneh castle, Jordan, 177
Kiamil, 120n
Kiepert, Heinrich (cartographer), 97
Kifri, Iraq, 323
Kirkuk, Iraq, 309, 311, 312, 400
Kish, Iraq, 411
Kitchener, Field Marshal Horatio H., 1st Earl of Khartoum, 208
and Arab Revolt, 243, 248, 252, 254, 309, 337
Klug, Miss (governess), 17, 18, 26
Konya, Anatolia: GLB in, 1905, 114, 119;
1907, 127, 128, 130
Young Turks in, 132
refugees in, 134
Kuntze, Helene, 86
Ku
rdistan, 312, 322, 381, 394, 400–401
Kurds, 282, 300, 312, 322, 381
revolt against Turks, 1917, 309–11
at Paris Peace Conference, 312
after Cairo Conference, 400–401
Kut (Kut el Amara), Mesopotamia: siege and capture, 262–63, 272, 387
rebuilt, 288
L
Lady Margaret Hall, Oxford, 32, 37–41, 42, 142
Lake, Gen. Sir Percy, C. in C. Indian Expeditionary force D, 259
Lake of Egerdir, Turkey, 128
Langridge, Edith, 40
Lascelles, Billy, 42, 43, 45, 48, 139
Lascelles, Florence, 21, 42, 50, 76, 297
Lascelles, Sir Frank, British Ambassador to Germany, 13, 42, 50, 75, 76
Lascelles, Gerald, 42, 54
Lascelles, Mary (née Olliffe), 13, 42–45, 50, 52
death, 57, 75
Laurence, Alec, 71
Lausanne, Treaty of, 399–400
Law, Andrew Bonar, British Prime Minister, 404
Lawrence, T. E., xvi, xvii, 181–82, 258, 260, 302
at Carchemish, 125, 169
in Cairo, 161, 240, 242, 246, 247, 248–49, 250, 254
in Basra, and siege of Kut, 263, 387
and Arab Revolt, 338, 339–44, 385
at Paris Peace Conference, 347, 349, 350, 351
subsequently, 365, 366
at Cairo Conference, 3, 366–67
later career, 415
writes of GLB, 387–88, 415
Seven Pillars of Wisdom, 338, 340, 342, 387, 401
ill.
Lawrence, Will (brother of T. E.), 161, 247
League of Nations, 306–307, 329, 369, 389, 393
Boundary Commission, 400, 411
Library, Baghdad Public, 379
Lloyd, George Ambrose, 1st Baron, 241
Lloyd George, David, 1st Earl of Dwyfor, British Prime Minister, 34, 71, 305, 349, 350, 353, 355, 357
London: No. 10 Belgrave Terrace, 54
GLB visits 1898, 61
1907, 131
1912–13, 132–33
1919, 303
1925, 406–407
Half Moon Street, 132, 140, 149, 232
National Portrait Gallery, 69
parks, 68
No. 95 Sloane Street, 10, 12, 61, 65, 145, 160, 208, 235, 406, 407
Red Cross Wounded and Missing Enquiry Department, 234, 235, 236
School of Oriental Studies, 50, 56
Louis of Orléans, Prince, 79
Lowther, Milly, 303
Lulua (of Hayyil), 195, 203
Lutyens, Sir Edwin (architect), 255
M
Macmillan, Margaret, 347
MacMunn, Gen. Sir George, 257–58, 261
Madeba, Jordan, 176
Mahan, Alfred Tahyer, 94
Makinnon, Dr., 215
Malcolm, Ian, 353
Mallet, Sir Louis, British Ambassador to Turkey, 168, 178–79, 181
mandrake, 67
Manners for Women, 60
Marius (mountain guide), 76, 77, 78
Marshall, Captain: murdered, 300
Marshall, Herbert (cousin of GLB), 32