Imperial Spain 1469-1716

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Imperial Spain 1469-1716 Page 50

by John H. Elliott


  González Dávila, Gil (1578–1658), historian, 312

  González de Cellorigo, Martín, arbitrista, 298, 300, 310–11, 317–18, 320

  González de Mendoza, Pedro (1428–95), Archbishop of Seville (1473–82) and of Toledo (1482–95), 100, 104, 105

  Gracián, Baltasar (1601–58), 367

  Granada, 45–52, 235–41

  Granada, Fray Luis de (1504–88), Dominican mystical writer, 245

  Grandees, 114–15, 314 see also Aristocracy

  Granvelle, Antoine Perrenot de, (1517–86), Cardinal, minister of Charles V and Philip II, 232, 258, 267–8, 271–6, 277

  Granvelle, Nicholas Perrenot de (1486–1550), minister of Charles V, 166

  Great Captain, the, see Córdoba, Gonzalo Fernández de

  Guidiel, Fray Alonso (1526–73), scholar, 245

  Guerrero, Pedro (d. 1576), Archbishop of Granada (1546–76), 238

  Guicciardini, Francesco, 140

  Guilds, 111, 122, 156, 189–90

  Guillén, Felipe (1492?-1561), mathematician and naturalist, 383

  Gumiel, Pedro de, architect, 127

  Guzmán, Gonzalo de, Comunero leader, 157

  Guzmán, house of, 34, 113, 348

  Guzmán de Alfarache, 186, 246

  Hamilton, Professor Earl J., 192–6

  Harcourt, Marquis of, French ambassador, 374

  Haro, Luis de (1598–1661), principal minister of Philip IV, 350, 353, 355, 362

  Harvests, 118, 189, 298, 334 see also Corn

  Hawkins, Sir John, 233, 289

  Henry IV, of Castile, the Impotent (1454–74), 15, 18, 20, 22, 46

  Henry III of France (1574–89), 289

  Henry IV of France (1589–1610), 290, 321

  Henry, Cardinal King of Portugal (1578–80), 266, 271

  Heresy, 212–19, 222, 225–30, 233, 234, 288

  Hermandad, Santa, 86–7, 142

  Hermandad de las Marismas, 57

  Hernández, Francisca, former Alumbrado, 217

  Hernández, Francisco (1517–87), doctor and naturalist, 384

  Herrera, Juan de (1530?–97), architect, 253, 319

  Heyn, Piet (1578–1629), Dutch privateer, 186, 335

  Hidalgos, 114–15, 203–5

  participation in conquest of America, 63–6

  employment in administration, 89–91, 95–7, 178–9

  and Comuneros, 154–9, passim

  Hidalguía,

  ideals of, 32, 222–3

  privileges of, 99, 115–16, 203–5

  aspiration after, 65–6, 115–17, 179–80, 310 see also Aristocracy

  Hijar, Duke of, Rodrigo Sarmiento de Silva (1600–64), 352

  Hispania, concept of, 19

  Hispaniola, 62, 70, 73

  Honour, 32, 66, 222–3

  Hospitals, 127, 243

  Huguenots, 233–4, 334

  Humanism, 105, 127–8, 161–2, 215–17, 224, 225, 242, 245–7

  in Aragon, 19

  in New World, 71

  Hunger, 311 see also Famine

  Idiáquez, Alonso de (d. 1547), royal secretary, 178

  Idiáquez, Juan de (1540–1614), son of the preceding, minister of Philip II, 267, 275–6

  Idleness, 190, 299, 311–12, 317, 318

  Illuminism, 213–15, 217, 224, 244

  Index, 225–6, 244

  Indians, 67–74, 292

  Indies,

  discovery and settlement of, 45, 62–75

  government of, 78–9, 170–71, 174–5, 362

  limitations on right of trade with, 79, 124,181–3, 361, 376

  economic relationship with Castile, 78–9, 122, 181–96 passim, 198–9, 200, 292–3 see also Seville; Silver

  Indulgences, 103, 201 see also Cruzada

  Industry, 122–3, 187–91

  failure of, 193, 195–6, 207, 293, 298, 366–7 see also Cloth; Silk; Wool

  Infantado, 3rd Duke of, Diego Hurtado de Mendoza (1461–1531), 142, 154, 261

  Infantado, 5th Duke of, Íñigo López de Mendoza (1536–1601), 313–4

  Inflation, see Currency

  Inquisition, 107–9, 212–17 passim, 218–19, 224–6, 228–30, 242

  in Crown of Aragon, 107–8, 234, 280–81

  in Granada, 237

  Investment, 39, 207, 310, 318, 328 see also Censos; Juros

  Ireland, 290

  Iron, Vizcayan, 121, 122, 188

  Isabella I, the Catholic, Queen of Castile (1474–1504),

  marriage, 15–23; death, 130

  and crusade against Islam, 53, 60

  and slavery, 69

  and Military orders, 88

  and Nebrija's grammar, 128 see also Ferdinand

  Isabella, Empress (1503–39), wife of Charles V, 165

  Isabella Clara Eugenia, Infanta (1566–1633), 253, 290

  Islam, crusade against, 26, 32, 53–4, 57, 106, 140, 241

  Italy,

  Aragonese interests in, 35, 140, 168; Italian wars, 133–4

  cultural and religious influence of, on Spain, 127, 128, 161, 212–13, 227

  Council of, 170, 225 see also under individual Italian States

  Jesuits, 247, 273, 342, 367–9

  Jews, 20, 106–10, 116, 220–2

  effects of expulsion, 107, 109–10, 119, 120, 123

  Portuguese, 304 see also Conversos

  John II, Aragon (1458–79), 15, 19–21, 22, 23, 40–41, 140

  John of Austria, Don (1545–78), natural son of Charles V, 55, 240–41, 264–6, 268

  John Maurice of Nassau, Prince, 355

  Joseph Ferdinand of Bavaria, Prince (1692–9), 373, 374

  Juan, Prince (1478–97), son of Ferdinand and Isabella, 135

  Juan José of Austria, Don (1629–79), natural son of Philip IV, 353, 356, 357, 361–2, 363–6 370

  Juana, the Mad, Queen of Castile (1504–55), 78, 135, 136, 138, 144, 155

  Juana la Beltraneja (1462–1530), 15–16, 22–3

  Juana, Infanta (1535–73), sister of Philip II, 225, 271

  Juntas, 302–3, 350

  de Alivios, 364

  de Gobierno, 362

  de Noche, 275, 302

  de Reformación, 322, 327

  Jurisdiction,

  aristocratic, 68, 81, 84, 96–7, 117, 278

  ecclesiastical, 99, 100

  military, 295

  municipal, 67–8, 94–7

  royal, 84–5, 94–8, 100–101, 212, 304; in New World, 68–9, 74–5, 174–6 see also Encomienda

  Juros, 93, 195, 206–7, 287, 311, 336, 356

  proposals for redemption of, 286, 318, 328 and see Censos

  Justice, royal exercise of, 86,98–9, 249–51 see also Jurisdiction

  Justicia, of Aragon, 29, 279–80, 282, 283

  Kingship,

  in Crown of Aragon, 28–31; in Spanish Monarchy, 167,176–7 see also Monarchy, Spanish

  concepts of: Catholic Kings, 77–8, 80, 85–6, 97–9; Charles V, 166–7; Philip II, 249–51, 253, 254–5

  royal absenteeism, 31, 83, 164–5, 176, 254–5, 329

  Labour, 190, 196, 297–8, 318,

  in New World, 70–71, 73–4

  Land,

  distribution and ownership of, 26–7, 32, 34, 50, 113, 297; in New World, 59–60, 67–8, 74–5

  Crown, 49–50, 89, 237

  forms of tenure, 68, 81, 117–18 189 see also Agriculture

  Language, 128, 141, 234, 245

  La Noue, François de (1531–91), Huguenot leader, 289

  Lanuza, Juan de, Justicia of Aragon (1564–91), 282

  Laso de la Vega, Pedro, Comunero leader, 154, 157

  Latifundios, 26, 292 see also Land

  La Torre, Count of, Fernando Mascarenhas, Portuguese naval commander, 341

  Law, 96–8, 329

  Leyes Nuevas (1542), 73 see also Letrados

  Leganés, Marquis of, Diego Felipe de Guzmán (d. 1655), general, 318, 349

  León, Fray Luis de (1527–91), theologian and poet, 219, 242, 245, 247

  Lepanto,
battle of (1571), 241–2

  Lerma, Duke of, Francisco de Sandoval y Rojas, Marquis of Denia (1553–1625),

  favourite of Philip III, 301–4, 321–2, 323, 324

  Lerma, Pedro de (d. 1541), humanist scholar, and Chancellor of Alcalá University, 217

  Letrados, 90, 178–9

  Levant Company, 332

  Limpieza de sangre, 107, 220–24, 309

  Lisbon, 271,276, 337–8

  Literature, 64, 128, 226–7, 245–7, 319–20, 385–6

  Llorenç, Juan (d. 1520), leader of Germanías, 156

  Loaisa, Garcia de (1480?–1546), confessor of Charles V, Bishop of Osma (1525–32), Archbishop of Seville (1539–46), 172, 208

  Local government, in Castile, 94–7 see also Jurisdiction

  Lope de Vega Carpio, Felix (1562–1635), 319

  Louis XI of France (1461–83), 15, 19, 22, 41, 77, 130

  Louis XIV of France (1643–1715), 373, 374, 376

  Loyola, St Ignatius (1491–1556), 214

  Luna, Álvaro de (1390?–1453), favourite of John II of Castile, 18

  Lutheranism, 212–15, 217

  Madrid, 171, 253–4, 287, 305, 315

  Majorca, 56, 232, 241

  Manila galleon, 293

  Manrique, Alonso (d. 1538), Archbishop of Seville (1524–38), Inquisitor General, 214–15, 216–17

  Mantuan war (1628–31), 334–5

  Manuel, Juan, adviser to Philip the Fair, 136

  Margaret of Parma (1522–86), natural daughter of Charles V, 233, 268

  Margaret of Savoy, Princess (1589–1655), Governess of Portugal, 337, 347

  Margarit i Pau, Joan (1421–84), Cardinal, Chancellor of Joan II of Aragon, 19

  María de Ágreda, Sor (1602–65), confidante of Philip IV, 350

  María Teresa, Infanta (1638–83), daughter of Philip IV, 356, 373

  Mariana of Austria (1634–96), 2nd wife of Philip IV, and Queen Regent, 357, 361, 362, 363, 364–5, 373

  Mariana, Father Juan de (1535–1624), Jesuit historian, 218, 219, 367–8, 384

  Marineo Sículo, Lucio (1444?–1533), Italian humanist and historiographer of Ferdinand the Catholic, 89, 111, 313

  Martin I of Aragon (1396–1410), 16, 30

  Martire d‘Anghera, Pietro (1457?-1526), Italian humanist and historian, 128, 145, 156–7

  Mary Tudor (1516–58), 210, 228

  Maurice of Saxony (1521–53), 209

  Maximilian I, Emperor (1493–1519), 135, 146

  Mazarin, Cardinal, 351, 352, 353

  Medina del Campo, 154, 187–8 197, 294

  fairs, of, 42, 120, 188, 269, 287

  Medina de Rioseco, 2nd Duke of, Admiral of Castile, Luis Enriquez de Cabrera y Mendoza (d. 1596), 260

  Medina-Sidonia, 9th Duke of, Gaspar Pérez de Guzmán el Bueno y Sandoval (d. 1664) 348

  Medina de las Torres, 1st Duke of, Ramiro Núñrez de Guzmán (d. 1668), 362

  Medinaceli, 8th Duke of, Juan Francisco Tomás, de la Cerda (d. 1691), minister of Charles II, 315, 366

  Mediterranean, 168–9, 231–2, 239, 241–2

  Mendicant Orders, see Religious Orders

  Mendoza, house of, 23, 34, 113, 137, 260

  Mendoza, Antonio de, Viceroy of New Spain (1535–50). and of Peru (1551–2), 175

  Mendoza, Diego Hurtado de (1503–75), diplomat and author, 382

  ‘Mercantilism’, 198 see also Economic Policies

  Mercedes, 180, 283, 322

  Merchants,

  Castilian, 116–17, 121–2, 179, 197–8, 204

  Catalan, 27, 36, 39, 332

  foreign, 182, 186–7, 197, 361 see also Genoa

  of Seville, 57, 59, 183, 187, 343 see also Trade

  Mercury, 183, 269

  Mesta, 33, 57, 119, 188

  Mexico,

  conquest and government of, 62, 64–6, 162, 174–6;

  encomiendas, 70–71, 74; 75

  Church in, 71–2, 102

  silver, 183

  ‘century of depression’, 291–3 see also Indies

  Milan, duchy of, 168, 286, 326

  Military Orders, 26, 32, 88–9, 119, 201, 224

  Millones, 285–6, 304, 328, 356

  Minorca, 375

  Miranda, Count of, Juan de Zúñiga y Avellaneda (d. 1608), President of Council of Castile, 301

  Molina, Luis (1535–1600), Jesuit theologian, 247

  Monarchy, Spanish,

  structure of, 166–7, 176–7, 254–8 see also Conciliar system

  proposed solutions to problem of, see Castilianization; Eboli faction; Federalism; Olivares

  Moncada, Sancho de, arbitrista, 300

  Mondéjar, 2nd Marquis of, Luis Hurtado de Mendoza, 3rd Count of Tendilla (d. 1566), 237, 239

  Mondéjar, 3rd Marquis, Iñgo López de Mendoza, 4th Count of Tendilla (1512–80), Captain-General of Granada, 236–40

  Montesinos, Fray Antonio de (d. 1526?), Dominican, 72–3

  Moors, 26–7, 32, 45–56, 217

  Moorish survivals and influences, 52–3, 127, 236, 308–9 see also Moriscos

  Moriscos, 110, 156, 168, 278

  2nd revolt of Alpujarras (1568–70), 235–41 expulsion of, 305–8 see also Moors

  Mortara, 2nd Marquis of, Francisco de Orozco, general, 353

  Moura, Cristóbal de (1538–1613),

  minister of Philip II, 271, 275, 301

  Mulay Hassan, King of Granada (d. 1485), 48

  Münster, peace of (1648), 351

  Murillo, Bartolomé Esteban (1617–82), artist, 367

  Mysticism, 213, 244–6, 384–5

  Nadal, Dr Jordi, historian, 194

  Nájera, 1st Duke of, Pedro Manrique de Lara (d. 1515), 142

  Naples, 36, 131, 133–4, 139, 352

  Nassau, Count Henry of, 172, 173

  Navagero, Andreas (1483–1529), Venetian historian, 197

  Navarre, Kingdom of, 24, 25, 140–42, 158–9, 170

  Navigation, internal, 296–7

  Nebrija, Elio Antonio de (1444–1522), humanist and grammarian, 128

  Neo-Platonism, 244, 245

  Netherlands,

  trade with Spain, 33, 120–21, 137, 187, 188, 195, 290–92

  Flemish influences on Spain, 127, 154, 160–61, 212; Spanish influence on Netherlands, 227

  political connexion with Castile, 135–7, 142–3, 160–61;

  Castilian reactions to Charles V's Flemish suite, 145–6, 153, 155

  and Imperial finances, 200

  revolt of (1566), 232, 242, 258, 261–6, 268–9, 289–90 see also Flanders; United Provinces

  Nevers, Duke of, claimant to duchy of Mantua, 334

  New World, see Indies

  Nijmwegen, Peace of (1678), 365

  Nithard, Father Juan Everardo (1607–81), confessor of Mariana of Austria, 362, 363, 364

  Nueva Planta (1716), 377

  Ocaña, Francisco de, Illuminist friar, 213

  Offices, 89–91, 95–7, 178–80, 263, 329 municipal, 93–6, 212, 327

  sale of, 94, 304, 336, 356 see also Administration; Limpieza de Sangre

  Officials, royal, 91, 177–81 see also Administration: Corregidores, etc.

 

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