James and Dolley Madison

by Bruce Chadwick

  Malone, Dumas. Jefferson and His Time. 6 vols. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2005.

  ———. Jefferson and the Ordeal of Liberty. Boston: Little, Brown, 1962.

  Marshall, John. The Papers of John Marshall. 12 vols. Edited by Charles Hobson. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1993.

  Martineau, Harriet. Retrospect on Western Travel. London: Saunders and Otley, 1838. Reprint, New York: Greenwood Press, 1969.

  ———. Society in America. 2 vols. New York: Saunders and Otley, 1837.

  McCants, David. Patrick Henry: The Orator. New York: Greenwood Press, 1990.

  McClellan, Robert. The Delaware Canal: A Picture Story. New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1967.

  McGregor, James. Washington from the Ground Up. Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press, 2007.

  McIlwaine, H. R., and J. P. Kennedy. Journals of the House of Burgesses of Virginia. 13 vols. Richmond, VA: Colonial Press, E. Waddey, 1905–1915.

  Miller, William. The Business of May Next: James Madison and the Founding. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1992.

  Moore, Virginia. The Madisons: A Biography. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1979.

  National Geographic Society. The Capital of Our Country. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1923.

  Pancake, John. Samuel Smith and the Politics of Business, 1752–1839. Birmingham: University of Alabama Press, 1972.

  Payne, Robert. The Canal Builders: The Story of Canal Engineers through the Ages. New York: Macmillan, 1959.

  Peterson, Merrill, ed. Political Writings of Thomas Jefferson. Charlottesville, VA: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1993.

  Pitch, Anthony. The Burning of Washington: The British Invasion of 1814. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 1998.

  Plumer, William, Jr. The Life of William Plumer. Boston: Phillips, Sampson, 1857.

  Randall, Willard. Thomas Jefferson: A Life. New York: Henry Holt, 1993.

  Ress, David. Governor Edward Coles and the Vote to Forbid Slavery in Illinois, 1823–1824. Jefferson, NC: McFarland, 2006.

  Rice, David. A Kentucky Protest against Slavery: Slavery Inconsistent with Justice and Good Policy—Proved by a Speech, Delivered in the Convention, Held at Danville, Kentucky. New York, 1832.

  Richardson, James. A Compilation of the Messages and Papers of the Presidents 1789–1902. Washington, DC: Washington Bureau of National Literature and Art, 1897–1917.

  Ringwalt, J. Luther. Development of Transportation Systems in the United States. Philadelphia, 1888.

  Shulim, Joseph, ed. The Old Dominion and Napoleon Bonaparte: A Study in American Opinion. New York: Columbia University Press, 1952.

  Skeen, C. Edward. Citizen Soldiers in the War of 1812. Lexington: University of Kentucky Press, 1977.

  Smith, Sir Harry. Autobiography of Lieutenant-General Sir Harry Smith. London: John Murray, 1903.

  Smith, James, ed. The Republic of Letters: The Correspondence between Thomas Jefferson and James Madison, 1776–1826. 3 vols. New York: W. W. Norton, 1995.

  Smith, Margaret Bayard. The First Forty Years of Washington Society. Edited by Gaillard Hunt. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 1906.

  ———. A Winter in Washington; or, Memoirs of the Seymour Family. New York: E. Bliss and E. White, 1824.

  Stagg, J. C. A. Mr. Madison’ s War: Politics, Diplomacy and Warfare in the Early American Republic, 1783–1830. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1983.

  Steiner, Bernard. The Life and Correspondence of James McHenry, Secretary of War under Washington and Adams. Cleveland: Burrows Brothers, 1907.

  Story, William, ed. The Life and Letters of Joseph Story. 2 vols. Boston: Charles Little and James Brown, 1851.

  Sutherland, Stella. Population Distribution in Colonial America. New York : Columbia University Press, 1936.

  Tansill, Charles Callan. The Making of the American Republic: The Great Documents, 1774–1789. New Rochelle, NY: Arlington House Press, 1972.

  Tugwell, Rexford. The Enlargement of the Presidency. Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1960.

  Ward, Henry, and Harold Greer Jr. Richmond during the Revolution, 1775–83. Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 1977.

  Wharton, Anne Hollingsworth. Social Life in the Early Republic. Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1903.

  White, Leonard. The Jeffersonian: A Study in Administrative History. New York: Macmillan, 1951.

  Williams, John. History of the Invasion and Capture of Washington, and the Events Which Preceded and Followed. New York: Harper and Brothers, 1857.

  Williams, William Appleton. America Confronts a Revolutionary World, 1776–1976. New York: William Morrow, 1976.

  Wills, Garry. James Madison. New York: Henry Holt, 2002.

  Willson, Beckles. Friendly Relations: A Narrative of Britain's Ministers and Ambassadors to America (1791–1930). London: L. Dickson and Thompson, 1934.

  Wirt, William. The Letters of a British Spy. New York, 1803.

  Wood, William, ed. Select British Documents of the Canadian War of 1812. Toronto: Champlain Society, 1920–1928.

  Worrall, Jay. Friendly Virginians: America's First Quakers. Athens, GA: Iberian Publishing, 1999.

  Young, Jeremiah. A Political and Constitutional Study of the Cumberland Road. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1902.

  Zahniser, Martin. Charles Cotesworth Pinckney: Founding Father. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1967.

  PAPERS

  Adams Family Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society.

  Anna Maria Brodeau Thornton Papers, Library of Congress.

  Cutts Family Papers, Library of Congress.

  George Shattuck Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society.

  Hunter Family Papers, New York Historical Society.

  Meikleham-Randolph-Trist-Coolidge Family Papers, Alderman Library, University of Virginia.

  Otho Holland Williams Papers, Maryland Historical Society.

  Papers of Anthony Benezet, Quaker and Special Collections, Haverford College, Haverford, Pennsylvania.

  Papers of Hetty Ann Barton, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

  Papers of Joseph Story, Library of Congress.

  Sedgwick Family Papers, Massachusetts Historical Society.

  Samuel Latham Mitchill Papers, Museum of the City of New York.

  William Plumer Papers, Library of Congress, New Hampshire State Library.

  JOURNALS

  Adams, Charles. “The Madison Papers.” North American Review 53 (1841).

  Cunningham, Noble, Jr. “The Frances Few Diary.” Journal of Southern History 29, no. 3 (August 1963).

  Mitchill, Samuel. “Dr. Mitchill's Letters from Washington: 1801–1813.” Harper's New Monthly Magazine 58 (April 1879).

  Smith, James Morton. “Sedition in the Old Dominion: James T. Callender and ‘The Prospect before Us.’” Journal of Southern History 20, no. 2 (May 1954).

  Tinkcom, Margaret. “Caviar along the Potomac: Sir Augustus John Foster's ‘Notes on the United States,’ 1804–1812.” William and Mary Quarterly 3rd series, 8 (January 1951).

  NEWSPAPERS

  Albany Register, May 1809.

  Alexandria Advertiser and Commercial Intelligencer, February 28, 1800; December 16, 1800; July 12, 1803; July 22, 1803; July 27, 1803.

  Alexandria Gazette, September 15, 1814.

  American Citizen, June 5, 1801.

  Aurora, May 15, 1799; January 3, 1809; January 5, 1809; January 18, 1809; January 19, 1809; February 11, 1809; March 4, 1809; March 8, 1809; March 10, 1809; March 22, 1809; April 14, 1809; April 21, 1809; April 23, 1809; May 23, 1809; June 2, 1809; June 6, 1809; July 1, 1812.

  Baltimore American, May 1809.

  Baltimore Patriot, August 31, 1814.

  Boston Chronicle, November 22, 1813.

  Boston Evening Post, July 31–August 10, 1812.

  Connecticut Courant, December 12, 1796.

  Corbett's Weekly Register, May 7, 1814.

  Esse
x Register, December 16, 1812.

  Federal Republican, January 12, 1815.

  Gazette of the United States, April 24, 1798.

  Lexington Reporter, January 1809; August 7, 1813.

  London Courier, December 5, 1811; January 1814.

  London Times, January 1, 1813; January 6, 1813; January 12, 1813; April 1817.

  National Gazette, December 19, 1791; February 18, 1792; March 3, 1792.

  National Intelligencer, March 9, 1800; March 4, 1801; March 5, 1801; June 3, 1801; June 8, 1801; October 15, 1801; October 20, 1801; October 26, 1801; October 30, 1801; December 6, 1802; December 10, 1802; February 18, 1803; April 15, 1803; March 7, 1808; December 29, 1808; April 1809; April 4, 1809; April 19, 1809; May 3, 1809; June 21, 1809; September 6, 1809; October 16, 1809; February 5, 1810; April 21, 1810; June 27, 1812; July 1, 1812; August 20, 1814; September 7, 1814; September 8, 1814; September 28, 1814; October 28, 1814; January 2, 1839; July 17, 1849.

  New England Palladium, April 12, 1803.

  New York Columbian, June 19, 1812; June 21, 1812; June 22, 1812; June 23, 1812; June 27, 1812; June 30, 1812; July 1, 1812; July 3, 1812.

  New York Commercial Advertiser, July 12, 1809; July 19, 1809.

  New York Express, January 2, 1839.

  Niles Register, April 22, 1815.

  Palladium, June 19, 1812; June 23, 1812; June 30, 1812; July 1812; July 3, 1812; July 7, 1812; July 10, 1812; July 21, 1812; July 24, 1812; July 28, 1812; July 31, 1812; August 7, 1812; August 11, 1812; August 14, 1812.

  Pittsburgh Gazette, November 28, 1833.

  Richmond Daily Dispatch, August 27, 1853.

  Richmond Enquirer, February 6, 1806.

  Richmond Examiner, May 5, 1802.

  Salem Gazette, June 23, 1812.

  Spirit of Seventy-Six, January 26, 1809; January 16, 1810.

  Virginia Gazette, July 24, 1774.

  Washington Expositor, December 4, 1807; February 17, 1808; March 1808; April 16, 1808; May 4, 1808; March 12, 1809.

  Washington Federalist, February 6, 1805; January 19, 1806; February 2, 1806; December 3, 1806; December 18, 1806; November 7, 1807; January 9, 1808; January 21, 1808; January 23, 1808; January 25, 1808; January 28, 1808; February 3, 1808; February 20, 1808; March 3, 1808; April 8, 1808; May 4, 1808; May 7, 1808; October 1808; December 1, 1808; December 13, 1808; December 31, 1808; March 12, 1809; March 19, 1809.

  Abolition Society (Richmond, VA), 333

  Adair, John, 156

  Adams, Abigail, 15, 46, 69, 86–87, 88

  Adams, Catherine, 152

  Adams, Charles Francis, 161

  Adams, Henry, 289

  Adams, John, 15, 46, 55–58, 82–83, 84, 86, 107

  death of on the Fourth of July, 347

  and Dolley Madison, 70, 177

  as a Federalist, 56, 82–83

  and James Madison

  Adams becoming an ally of Madison, 252, 261

  on Madison's health, 229

  mutual dislike, 46, 55, 56, 57–58, 84, 91, 173, 186

  making “midnight” appointments, 109–110

  paying tribute to Barbary pirates, 114

  and the Quasi War, 84, 112

  and Thomas Jefferson

  becoming friends, 173

  Jefferson running for presidency against, 58

  mutual dislike, 56, 58, 84, 186

  on Washington, DC, 56, 77

  Adams, John Quincy, 141, 183, 287, 356

  and Dolley Madison, 97, 127–28, 361, 365

  and James Madison, 85, 91, 127–28, 294

  belief in Madison's embargo, 145

  eulogy for, 348

  and Payne Todd, 318

  and Russia's efforts to negotiate end of War of 1812, 248, 283

  and Thomas Jefferson, 85, 121

  Agricultural Society of Albemarle (County), 300

  Albany Register (newspaper), 204

  Alert (British ship), 258

  Alexander Henderson and Co., 77

  Alexandria, VA, 76, 77, 78, 95, 101, 141, 269, 282, 291

  during War of 1812, 14, 17, 279

  Alexandria Advertiser (newspaper), 80

  Alexandria Gazette (newspaper), 80

  Algiers, 288

  Alien and Sedition Acts of 1798, 56, 57, 58, 68, 115, 123, 346

  Allinson, Samuel, 333

  American Colonization Society, 338, 343, 354

  American Revolution and the War of 1812, differences between, 252–53

  “American System,” 254

  Argyll, duke of, 121

  Armstrong, John, 18–19, 21, 205, 246, 262, 264, 279

  Army Corps of Engineers, 196

  Astor, John Jacob, 175, 248, 327

  Aurora (newspaper), 57, 138, 145, 153, 169, 185, 209, 212, 218

  Bache, Richard, 326

  Bache, Sophie, 324

  Bacon, Ezekiel, 206

  Bagot, Charles, 77, 241

  Bagot, Mary, 51, 77–78, 91–92

  Bainbridge, William, 258, 288

  Ballendine, John, 192

  Baltimore, MD, 294, 323

  during War of 1812, 13, 19, 147, 221, 240, 264–65, 278, 286

  reaction to Aaron Burr trial, 146

  Baltimore American (newspaper), 179, 209

  Barbary pirates, 84, 114–15, 129, 153, 287–88

  Barclay, Robert, 260

  Barker, Jacob, 23

  Barlow, Joel, 175, 233, 243

  Barlow, Mrs. Joel, 226, 233

  Barnard, Daniel, 224

  Barton, Hetty Ann, 77

  Basset, Mr. and Mrs., 273

  Bayard, James, 103, 318

  Beams, William, 264

  Beckwith, Dolley Cole, 177, 195

  Beutzon, Mr., 318

  “Big Knife.” See Madison, James, political life

  Bill of Rights, 44, 334

  Billy (slave), 335

  Bizet, Charles, 268

  Bladensburg, MD, 13, 16, 19, 20, 21, 24–25, 27

  Blaine, James, 176

  Blake, James, 14, 21

  Blodgett's Hotel, 279

  Blount, Jackie, 310

  Bolden, Joe, 24

  Bolingbroke, Henry, 241

  Bolton Farms, 321–22

  Bonaparte, Elizabeth (Patterson) “Betsy,” 100, 175, 179, 210, 225, 240–41, 316

  Bonaparte, Jerome, 100, 171, 179, 240–41

  Boston Chronicle (newspaper), 244

  Bradley, Abraham, Jr., 196

  Brant, Irving, 40

  Brent, Robert, 153

  Briggs and Longstreet, 198

  Brissot de Warville, J.-P. (Jacques-Pierre), 65

  Britain

  American embargos

  before the American Revolution, 134

  during Jefferson's administration, 133–39, 141–42, 144, 145, 148, 154–55, 166, 176, 183, 188, 204–205, 209, 222, 223

  during War of 1812, 265

  anger at the defeat in the American Revolution, 184

  John Jay attempting to engineer treaty with, 68

  lead-up to the American Revolution, 62–64

  lead-up to the War of 1812, 146–47, 154, 155, 161, 183–89, 203–213, 236–37

  1809 report of British outrages against America, 148

  causes (see impressment of sailors)

  doubting that America would ever go to war, 207

  See also War of 1812

  Madison urging peace with after War of 1812, 300

  war with Napoleon, 133, 184, 212, 216, 257, 262, 285

  ending of allowing Britain to focus on the United States, 280

  War of 1812 adding to cost of, 265

  War of 1812 seen as American support of France, 220

  British Annual Register of 1814, 28

  Brock, Isaac, 244, 251, 255

  Bryant, William Cullen, 135–36

  Burr, Aaron, 37, 81–82, 98, 146

  Cabell, William, 195

  Cabinet (newspaper), 80

  Calhoun, John C., 204, 211, 216

  Callender, James, 54, 57, 115


  Campbell, John, 355

  Canada, 136, 262

  attempted invasions of during War of 1812, 215, 220, 227, 243, 251–52, 255–56, 261

  British plan to attack New England from, 262, 263, 265

  desire to annex for the United States, 244

  privateer activities off coast of, 259, 260

  remaining British during and after War of 1812, 252, 285

  canals, 192–93, 194, 196, 198–200

  Canning, George, 188

  Capitol Building

  and British invasion during War of 1812, 13, 26, 27–28, 29, 30, 32, 264, 278, 279, 291

  rebuilding of, 75, 77, 78, 287, 291

  Car of Neptune (steamship), 198

  Carroll, Charles, 21, 23

  Carroll, Daniel, 281

  Carroll, John, 127

  Carroll Row, 76

  Carter, Robert, 329

  Cass, Lewis, 247

  Castellux, Chevalier de, 192

  Caton, Miss, 226

  Central College, 301

  Chase, Samuel, 56, 142

  Chasseurs Britannique, 261–62

  Chauncey, Isaac, 252, 260

  Chemung Canal, 194

  Chenango Canal, 194

  Chesapeake, USS (frigate), British attack on, 146–47, 161, 183, 256

  Chesapeake and Delaware Canal, 193, 194

  Chippewa (battle at), 263, 265

  cholera epidemic, 138

  City Dancing Assembly (Philadelphia), 69

  City Orphan Asylum, 165, 281, 366

  Claiborne, William, 157–58, 159

  Clark, William, 107, 122, 167

  Clarkson, Thomas, 340

  Clarkson, William, 38

  Clay, Henry, 297

  and Dolley Madison, 235, 253–54, 349, 361

  and James Madison, 339, 348

  and Payne Todd, 318, 324

  as Speaker of the House, 204, 210, 211, 229, 254

  as a War Hawk, 204, 210–11, 212, 244

  Clermont (steamship), 198

  Clinton, DeWitt, 198–99, 223, 278

  Clinton, George, 103, 143, 144, 149, 208

  Cockburn, George, 14–15, 27–28, 30, 256, 261, 264

  Colden, Cadwallader, 192

  Colden, Henrietta, 38

  Coles, Anne, 324

  Coles, Betsy (Dolley's cousin), 251

  Coles, Catherine (Dolley's cousin), 39, 41

  Coles, Edward (Dolley's cousin), 250, 323, 328

  antislavery views, 332, 336, 338–39, 358

  and Dolley Madison, 14, 172, 177–78, 233, 250, 304–305, 356, 358

  health of, 230–31, 239

  and James Madison, 90–91