James and Dolley Madison
Page 57
as Madison's secretary, 160–61, 171, 172–73, 207, 250, 278
moving to Illinois, 338, 349, 356
and Payne Todd, 327, 328
Coles, Isaac, 237
Coles, Sally. See Stevenson, Sarah (Coles) “Sally” (Dolley's cousin)
College of New Jersey. See Princeton (College of New Jersey)
College of William and Mary, 61, 217, 250
Collins, Mordecai, 340
Columbian Institute, 287
Committees of Public Safety, 63
Congress
purchasing Madison's papers, 351–55, 366
reserving a seat for Dolley Madison, 365
Congressional Cemetery, 367
Connecticut Courant (newspaper), 335
Constellation (US ship), 288
Constitution, 183, 198, 217, 229, 293
ability to change, 122
Bill of Rights, 44, 58, 334
implied powers of, 121–22, 144
and James Madison, 38, 45, 53, 57, 64–66, 84, 154–55, 160, 191, 289, 300, 312, 334, 339, 343, 353, 364
no mention of a “First Lady,” 86
and presidential elections, 84
three-fifths rule for counting slaves, 277, 330
Constitution (US frigate), 247, 257–58
Continental Congress, James Madison serving in, 64
Conway, Catlett, 308
Coolidge, Ellen, 310, 342
Courier (newspaper), 237
Cowper, William, 364
Coxe, Tench, 334
Crane, Joseph, 360
Crawford, William, 246, 248, 318
Crossroads Tavern, 31
Cuba, 187–88, 210
“Cumberland Road,” 196–97
Custis, George Washington Parke, 217
Cutler, Mannassah, 92, 94
Cutts, Anna (Payne) (Dolley's sister), 21, 70, 81, 102, 127, 176, 230, 233, 270, 271, 296, 341
death of, 305, 308
living with James and Dolley, 43, 250, 271
marriage to Richard, 24, 128–29, 158–59, 172, 250
Cutts, Annie Payne (Dolley's niece), 366
Cutts, Dolley (Dolley's niece), 128, 299, 311, 326, 331, 356, 360
Cutts, Lucia, 359
Cutts, Madison (Dolley's nephew), 366
Cutts, Mary (Dolley's niece), 38, 76, 305, 306, 351, 360
Cutts, Richard (Dolley's brother-in-law), 305, 308
financial matters, 271, 306–307, 318, 324, 355, 357–58
living with James and Dolley, 43, 250, 271
marriage to Dolley's sister Anna, 24, 128–29, 158–59, 172, 250
Dallas, George, 324
Daughters of Liberty, 62
David (slave), 337
“Davidson soil,” 269, 274
Day, Thomas, 333–34
Dayton, Jonathan, 230
Dearborn, Henry, 228, 246, 252, 255, 256
Decatur, Stephen, 239, 258, 288
Delaware Canal, 199
Democratic Party, 363
Democratic-Republican Party. See Republican Party
Dennie, Joseph, 174
De Peyster, Robert, 23
Detroit, fall of, 251, 254, 255
Dick, Alexander, 152
Dickens, Charles, 365
Dickinson College, 251, 270
Dinsmore, James, 167, 269
Dixon, William, 320
Don Quixote (Cervantes), 174
Duane, William, 57, 169, 185, 212
Dunlap, William, 70
Duvell, Mrs., 177
d'Yrugo, Sally McKean. See McKean, Sally
Eaton, Peggy, 311
Edwards, James, 280
Eliobo, 334
embargo of Britain
before the American Revolution, 134
during Jefferson's administration, 133–39, 141–42, 144, 145, 148, 154, 155, 166, 176, 183, 188, 204–205, 222, 223
repeal of, 139, 141, 145, 205, 209
during War of 1812, 265
war vs. embargo, 186, 209
See also Non-Intercourse Act
epilepsy, 40
Episcopal Church, 37
Erie, Fort (battle at), 265
Erie Canal, 194, 199, 342
Erskine, D. M., 188
Essex (US ship), 258–59
Eustis, William, 245–46, 249, 273
Executive Mansion. See White House
Expositor (newspaper), 80
farming, Madison as a champion for, 50, 194, 245, 274–75, 297–98, 300, 313, 345
Farragut, David, 258
fashions, 93, 98–99
changes in, 289
Dolley Madison as a style-setter, 69–72, 73, 89, 97, 99, 102, 104, 151, 164, 179, 192
wearing turbans, 72, 73, 94, 97, 151, 175, 177, 178–79, 208, 226, 227, 241, 296, 304, 358, 360, 361
French fashions, 176, 178, 226
Featherstonhaugh, George, 355
Federalist, The, 146, 221, 277
Madison's #10 essay, 155
Federalist Party, 83, 94, 109, 128, 149, 256, 329
and Albert Gallatin, 106–107
attempts to get Monroe elected president instead of Madison, 142
attempt to move capital from Washington, DC, back to Philadelphia, 165–66
and big government, 147
criticisms of, 57, 68, 86, 104
decline of, 45, 83, 104, 107, 143, 145, 154, 160, 206, 289, 293
replaced by Whigs, 289
and Dolley Madison, 128, 206–207
on the embargo, 134, 135, 137, 148
Federalist newspapers, 45, 80, 89, 109–110, 123–24, 134, 137, 143, 147–48, 153, 154, 196, 205, 220, 221, 222, 229
George Washington as a Federalist, 43, 56, 83
and James Madison, 46, 142, 143, 146, 147–48, 153, 169–70, 205, 206–207, 221, 222–23, 238, 277
John Adams as a Federalist, 56, 82–83
and the Sedition Act, 54, 56
and Thomas Jefferson, 94, 107, 108, 109, 110, 142
and War of 1812, 209, 220, 243, 252, 253, 283
Few, Frances, 69, 72, 152
First Lady
Dolley Madison as First Lady after James Madison elected president, 158, 163–64, 165, 171–73, 175, 176, 178, 179, 200, 206, 207
Dolley Madison serving as Jefferson's hostess, 87–90, 91–93, 94–97, 100, 101–102, 104, 105, 125, 127, 158, 180
Mrs. Robert Tyler serving as for John Tyler, 362
Peggy Eaton serving as for Andrew Jackson, 311
role of, 86–87
usage of term, 11
Fitch, John, 197–98
Florida
belonging to Spain, 83, 210
defeat of Creek Indians in, 262
France wanting to acquire, 117, 119–20
US wanting to acquire, 117, 120, 123, 142, 166, 187, 210
Floyd “Kitty,” 38, 41
Foster, Augustus John, 53, 92–93, 145, 180
Foxall's Foundry, 25
France
efforts to purchase Florida, 117, 119–20
French navy stopping American ships, 185, 204, 210, 219, 237, 243, 248, 285
and the Louisiana Purchase, 107, 114, 117–24
Quasi War, 84, 112, 257
See also Napoleon Bonaparte
Franklin, Benjamin, 56, 192, 193, 331, 334
French and Indian War, 244, 252
Freneau, Philip, 44–45
Fulton, Robert, 173, 198, 235
Gale, Mrs. William, 220–21
Gallatin, Albert, 106–107, 252, 263, 318, 356
designing a canal system, 194
and Dolley Madison, 86, 239
and James Madison, 123, 135, 156, 169–70, 186–87, 245–46
as peace commissioner during War of 1812, 239–40, 248–49
as secretary of the treasury, 106–107, 156, 247, 248, 249
and Thomas Jefferson, 106–107
Gallatin, Hannah (Nicholson), 17, 107, 231, 240, 356
Gazette of the United States (newspaper), 45
, 56
General Committee of the Virginia Baptists, 333
Georgetown, 76, 77, 78, 80, 95, 125, 141, 280, 282, 291
during the War of 1812, 17, 23, 24, 25, 27, 28–29, 31, 236, 256, 238
shopping in, 88, 96, 125
Gerry, Elbridge, Jr., 164, 239
Gerry, Elbridge, Sr., 229, 239
Ghent, peace negotiations in, 277, 283, 285
Giles, William, 143, 170, 203
Gilpin, H. D., 296
Girard, Stephen, 248
Granger, Gideon, 234
Graves, Mr., 363
Great Awakening, 342
Great Falls of the Potomac, 31
“great little Madison,” 32, 38, 116, 125, 289
Grigsby, Hugh, 66, 200
Griswold, Richard, 79
Guerriere (British warship), 247, 258
Guerriere, USS (US frigate), 288
gunboats, war with, 249
Haiti, 118, 154, 169
Hamilton, Alexander, 43, 55, 66, 83, 112, 154
death of, 98, 146
and James Madison, 44, 64, 67, 315
and Thomas Jefferson, 45, 68
and Whiskey Rebellion, 66, 106
Hamilton, Lieutenant (son of Paul), 239
Hamilton, Paul, 133, 239, 246, 249
Hampton, British victory at, 261–62
Hampton, Wade, 261
Harper Brothers (publisher), 351, 352, 353–54
Harrison, William Henry, 256, 260, 264, 362
Hartford, CT, secession convention, 277–78
Harvard, 301
Hay, Miss, 225
Hemings, Madison, 154
Hemings, Sally, 135, 154, 332
Henry, Patrick, 44, 63, 64, 331
highways, growth in number and condition of, 194, 195–97
History of the United States (Callender), 54
Hite, R. G., 14
Holloway, Mr., 325
Hone, Phillip, 362
Hornet (US ship), 258
House of Burgesses, 63–64
Hull, Isaac, 257–58
Hull, William, 227, 251–52, 254, 255
Humboldt, Friedrich Alexander von, 100
Humphries (captain of the Leopard), 146
Hunt, Gaillard, 152
Hunting, Mary, 28
immigrants to America, 119, 293, 346
impressment of sailors
by British, 133, 144, 155, 157, 166, 183, 185, 188, 203, 209, 211, 286
Orders of Council (1756), 220, 285
by French, 185, 204, 243, 248
Industrial Revolution, 83, 154, 342, 345, 357
Ingersoll, Charles, 23, 268, 314–15, 342–43
Innes, James, 192
Innes plantation, 61
Irving, Washington, 172, 365
Izard, George, 247
Jackson, Andrew, 264, 301, 311, 356
battle of New Orleans, 262, 283–85, 286
defeat of Creek Indians in Florida, 262
and Dolley Madison, 349, 352, 353
Jackson, Francis John (British minister), 205, 211
Jackson, John (American diplomat), 185–86
Jackson, John (brother-in-law), 153, 168, 271, 308
Jackson, Mary (Dolley's niece), 271
Jackson, Mary (Payne) (Dolley's sister), 168, 174, 271
James Madison Company, 307
Java (British ship), 258
Jay, John, 64, 68, 122, 154
Jefferson, Maria “Polly,” 95, 128
Jefferson, Martha “Patsy,” 95–96, 241, 348
Jefferson, Thomas, 21
and Albert Gallatin, 106–107
and Alexander Hamilton, 45, 67, 68
authoring Kentucky Resolution, 58
and Britain, 184, 188, 203, 204–205, 212
on conventions to settle disputes between states and federal government, 300
death of, 308, 309
on the Fourth of July, 347
and Dolley Madison
choosing Dolley over Elizabeth Merry, 180
Dolley serving as his hostess while he was president, 87–90, 91–93, 94–97, 100, 101–102, 104, 105, 125, 127, 158
early political career, 83–84
and the Federalists, 94, 107, 108, 109, 110, 142
finances of, 307
health of, 100, 101
and James Madison, 158, 206, 291
advising on redesign for Montpelier, 51, 53, 269
attending Madison's inaugural ball, 151
as close friends, 38, 44, 52, 63, 80, 82, 84, 87, 98, 106, 109, 142, 153–54, 245, 249, 296–97, 308
concerns about Madison's health, 230
differences in two men, 200, 348
efforts by others to break friendship, 44
Madison advising on political issues, 160
Madison serving as Jefferson's secretary of state, 80, 81–82, 84, 86, 87, 90, 96, 98, 101, 105–116, 125–29, 133–39, 146–47, 148, 156, 159–60, 167, 191, 193
Madison telling Jefferson of Meriwether Lewis's suicide, 167
offering encouragement during War of 1812, 280, 288–89
urging Madison to seek presidency, 45–46
and James Monroe, 170–71
and John Adams
becoming friends, 173
mutual dislike, 56, 58, 84, 186
running for presidency against John Adams, 58
and John Quincy Adams, 85, 121
“as a man of the people,” 82
as possible secretary of state for Madison, 245
as president, 76, 81–82, 84, 107–110
inaugural addresses, 108–109, 133, 193
and the Louisiana Purchase, 107, 121, 122, 153, 187, 244
and the Republican Party, 94, 107, 108, 109, 110, 142, 143, 147
restarting the Library of Congress, 287
and slavery, 336
calling for gradual emancipation of slaves, 330
continuing to own slaves, 331
relationship with Sally Hemings, 135, 332
starting Democratic-Republican Party, 44–45, 67, 68, 81, 84, 109, 148, 160
and War of 1812, 249
Jennings, Paul, 22, 29, 171, 245, 286, 336, 340, 347, 348
Daniel Webster purchasing from Dolley, 363
Jockey Club, 79
Joe (slave), 337
Johnson, J. Eastman, 358
Johnson, Thomas, 284
Johnson, William, Jr., 295
Jones, William, 246
Josephine (consort of Napoleon), 69, 179
Kantzow, Lucia, 295
Karamanli, Yusuf (pasha), 129
Keemle, John, 216
Kemble, William, 365
Kentucky, population in 1802, 119
Kentucky Resolution, 58
Key, Francis Scott, 264–65, 337
King, Rufus, 67
King Lear (Shakespeare), 207
Knox, Mrs. Henry, 127
Lafayette, marquis de, 150, 303, 336
LaFitte, Jean, 283
Lancaster Pike, 196
Latrobe, Benjamin, 71, 232
Latrobe, Mary, 22, 71, 175, 279
Laurie, James, 251
Laval, Jacint, 26
Law, Thomas, 281
Lawrence, James, 256–57
Lawrence (US ship), 257, 260
Lear, Mrs. Tobias, 362
Lee, Eliza Collins, 42, 55, 149, 168, 294–95, 319, 349, 362
Lee, Richard, 281
“Legend of Sleepy Hollow, The” (Irving), 172
Lehigh Canal, 199–200
Leib, Michael, 143
L'Enfant, Pierre, 15–16, 79
Leopard (British ship), 146
Lewis, Meriwether, 85, 107, 122, 167
Lexington Reporter (newspaper), 265
Liberia, 335
Library of Congress
destruction of during War of 1812, 279
Jefferson selling own library to restart Library of Congress, 287
Lincoln, Abraham, 363
Lincoln, Lev
i, 80
Livingston, Robert, 117–18, 120, 184, 198
Logan, George, 220, 298
London Courier (newspaper), 266
London Statesman (newspaper), 28
London Times (newspaper), 260, 261, 287
“lottery parlors,” 131
Louisiana Territory, 122–23, 154, 157, 159, 167, 196, 262, 338, 342, 343
Louisiana Purchase, 107, 114, 117–24, 154, 187, 244
belief that West Florida was part of Louisiana Purchase, 210
See also Mississippi River; New Orleans
L'Ouverture, Toussaint, 113, 169
Lowell, John, 221
Lundy's Lane (battle at), 263, 265
Lyons, Matthew, 137
MacArthur, Duncan, 247
macaw (Dolley's pet), 24, 164–65
Macedonia (US ship), 288
Macedonian (British ship), 239, 258
Mackinac, Fort (fall of), 251, 254, 255
Madison, Alfred (James's nephew), 217
Madison, Ambrose (James's brother), 49
Madison, Ambrose (James's grandfather), 339
Madison, Ambrose (James's nephew), 358
Madison, Dolley
acting as matchmaker, 304–305, 321, 322
after James's death, 348–67
attempting to organize and sell James's papers, 351–55
financial problems, 349–50, 352–55, 357–59, 365–66
moving back to Washington, DC, 355–57, 358, 360–63, 365
and Albert Gallatin, 86, 239
and Andrew Jackson, 349, 352, 353
Anna and Richard Cutts living with James and Dolley, 43, 250, 271
calling James the “great little Madison,” 32, 38, 39, 116, 125, 289
death of in 1849, 366
eulogies for, 366–67
during War of 1812, 225–41
growth of influence during, 239–40
saving Washington's portrait, 22–23, 278
in Washington, DC, when British attacked, 13–32
and Edward Coles, 14, 172, 177–78, 233, 250, 304–305, 356, 358
and the Federalist Party, 128, 206–207
gardening, 297
health of, 125, 126, 137–38, 175, 231, 314, 366
after James's death, 355, 357
and Henry Clay, 235, 253–54, 349, 361
interest in fashion, 69–72, 73, 89, 97, 99, 100, 102, 104, 151, 164, 179, 192
French fashions, 176, 178, 226
gown for the first inaugural ball, 151
wearing turbans, 72, 73, 94, 97, 151, 175, 177, 178–79, 208, 226, 227, 241, 296, 304, 358, 360, 361
and John Adams, 70, 177
and John Quincy Adams, 97, 127–28, 361, 365
love between James and Dolley, 39, 41, 99, 125, 126, 127, 165, 168–69, 205, 299, 347
making will, 366
marriages
to John Todd, 35, 192
meeting and marrying James Madison, 33–42, 192
at Montpelier, 53–54
Dolley's body moved back to, 367
Dolley selling Montpelier, 355–56, 358, 359
Dolley taking on administrative duties, 206, 348–50, 357–59