Black Diamonds: The Rise & Fall of an English Dynasty

by Bailey, Catherine

  ‘The Duke spent …’: Masters, The Dukes, p. 195.

  ‘Winter or summer …’: ibid., pp. 194–5.

  p. 92 ‘From here …’: ibid.

  ‘My father knew …’: Fred Smith, unpublished memoir.

  p. 93 ‘A blinding snowstorm …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, 27 February 1903.

  p. 95 ‘Trade Unionism is being …’: Ramsay MacDonald, Secretary of the Labour Representation Committee, July 1901.

  ‘As the historian …’: George Dangerfield, The Strange Death of Liberal England, Constable, 1936, paperback edition, Peregrine Books, New York, 1980, p. 224.

  CHAPTER ELEVEN

  p. 96 ‘It carried …’: Sir Philip Magnus, King Edward VII, John Murray, 1964, p. 273.

  ‘He travelled comfortably …’: ibid., p. 422.

  ‘He liked his favourite …’: ibid., p. 275.

  ‘There were 150 ships …’: The Times, 31 July 1909.

  ‘Gathered in the dark …’: ibid.

  p. 97 ‘At moments …’: John Grigg, Lloyd George: The People’s Champion 1902–1911, Eyre Methuen, 1978, p. 203.

  ‘I went down a coalmine …’: Lloyd George, speech at Limehouse, 30 July 1909, reprinted by Daily News in pamphlet.

  p. 98 ‘As she entered …’: The Times, 2 August 1909.

  p. 99 ‘The King thinks …’: cited in Magnus, King Edward VII, p. 430.

  ‘This is a war Budget …’: Lloyd George in House of Commons, 29 April 1909.

  p. 100 ‘I claim that the tax …’: Lloyd George, speech at Limehouse, 30 July 1909, reprinted by Daily News in pamphlet.

  ‘The ownership of land …’: Grigg, Lloyd George: The People’s Champion 1902–1911, p. 207.

  p. 101 ‘On my arrival here …’: Earl Lloyd George’s collection, cited ibid., p. 209.

  ‘The King, of course …’: ibid.

  p. 102 ‘I am not cut out …’: David Lloyd George to Megan Lloyd George, 13 September 1911, National Library of Wales.

  ‘The Times listed …’: The Times, 4 August 1909.

  p. 103 ‘This was the one …’: cited in Robert K. Massie, Nicholas and Alexandra, Gollancz, 1967, p. 161.

  ‘Ashore and afloat …’: ibid.

  ‘Lord Rosebery …’: statement by Lord Rosebery issued on 22 June 1909, cited in Grigg, Lloyd George: The People’s Champion 1902–1911, p. 198.

  ‘Lord Ridley …’: press statement by Lord Ridley issued on 3 May 1909, quoted ibid., p. 197.

  p. 104 ‘After an encounter …’: A. C. Benson, diary, 10 November 1908, Magdalene College, Cambridge, cited in Kenneth Rose, King George V, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1983, p. 118.

  p. 105 ‘it was generally supposed …’: George Dangerfield, The Strange Death of Liberal England, Constable,1936, paperback edition, Pedigree Books, New York,1980, p. 26.

  ‘What a relief …’: Lord Stamfordham to Lord Curzon, 11 August 1911, Curzon Papers, India Office Library.

  ‘The power of the peerage …’: Michael Bentley, Politics without Democracy, 1815–1914, Fontana, 1984, p. 332.

  p. 106 ‘The signs were ominous …’: ibid.

  CHAPTER TWELVE

  p. 109 ‘That path …’: author’s interview with Geoffrey Steer, August 2005.

  p. 110 ‘Tropical lianas …’: author’s interview with Bert May, October 2004.

  p. 111 ‘It was the …’: author’s interview with Charles Booth, July 2004.

  ‘Thirty-six bedrooms …’: 7th Earl Fitzwilliam, handwritten note on allocation of rooms for the royal visit. Private Collection.

  ‘Following the death of the 6th Earl …’: itemized bills, Sheffield Archives, Wentworth Woodhouse Muniments, T72.

  p. 112 ‘The secret of one scent …’: Housekeeper’s Book. Private Collection.

  ‘2 pecks of Damask …’: ibid.

  ‘Londonderry’, ‘Rosse’ …’: list of guests staying at Wentworth for the royal visit, Billy, 7th Earl’s, list. Private Collection.

  ‘The men had a good long …’: Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 10 July 1912.

  p. 113 ‘The place of honour …’: ibid.

  ‘At precisely one minute to five o’clock …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, 13 July 1912.

  ‘I am instructed …’: Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 9 July 1912.

  p. 114 ‘After careful consideration …’: papers of Herbert Asquith, 1st Earl of Oxford and Asquith, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, MS 6 fol. 115r.

  p. 115 ‘Men! Comrades! …’: pamphlet circulated by Tom Mann of Dockers’ Union, R. Page Arnot, The Miners: Years of Struggle, George Allen & Unwin, 1953, p. 115.

  ‘On 17 August …’: cited in Harold Nicolson, King George V: His Life and Reign, London, 1953, p. 158.

  ‘The difficulty …’: ibid.

  p. 116 ‘The King …’: Knollys to Asquith, Roy Jenkins, Asquith, Collins, 1964.

  p. 117 ‘On 27 March …’: Margot Asquith Diaries, 27 March 1912, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford, quoted with kind permission of Mr Christopher Osborn.

  p. 118 ‘He was on his feet …’: George Dangerfield, The Strange Death of Liberal England, Constable, 1936, paperback edition, Pedigree Books, New York, 1980, p. 293.

  ‘Lord Cecil …’: Page Arnot, The Miners: Years of Struggle, p. 111.

  p. 119 ‘I was terribly harassed …’: Margot Asquith Diaries, Bodleian Library, University of Oxford.

  ‘I was pleased to meet you …’: cited in R. Smillie, My Life for Labour, Mills & Boon, 1924, p. 221.

  ‘I don’t see why …’: ibid., p. 223.

  p. 120 ‘Our men have been …’: cited in Page Arnot, The Miners: Years of Struggle, p. 82.

  ‘He does not work …’: cited ibid., p. 83.

  p. 121 ‘I urged the importance …’: Cosmo Gordon Lang, Archbishop of Canterbury, correspondence and papers, Lambeth Palace, London.

  p. 122 ‘The nineteenth century …’: J. G. Lockhart, Cosmo Gordon Lang, Hodder and Stoughton, 1949, p. 239.

  p. 123 ‘Five-minute stops …’: Yorkshire Post, 10 July 1912.

  ‘On the afternoon …’: Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 9 July 1912.

  ‘Na then …’: cited in Lockhart, Cosmo Gordon Lang, p. 217.

  ‘As they did so …’: author’s interview with Bert May, October 2004.

  CHAPTER THIRTEEN

  p. 124 ‘An army fights …’: interview with Elfreda, Countess of Wharncliffe, recorded in 1977 by Roy Young.

  ‘There were six …’: author’s interview with Peter Diggle, April 2004.

  p. 125 ‘A visiting servant …’: Marchioness of Bath, Before the Sunset Fades, Longleat Estate Co., 1951, p. 22.

  ‘One lady’s maid …’: Lady Augusta Fane, cited in F. E. Huggett, Life Below Stairs, Robin Clark, 1978, p. 37.

  ‘I always remember …’: John R. Russell, Duke of Bedford, A Silver-Plated Spoon, Cassell, 1959, p. 64.

  ‘After waiting …’: Consuelo Vanderbilt Balsan, The Glitter and the Gold, Heinemann, 1953, p. 82.

  p. 126 ‘The guest list …’: Billy, 7th Earl Fitzwilliam’s handwritten list. Private Collection.

  p. 127 ‘One of them …’: H. Montgomery Hyde, The Londonderrys, Hamish Hamilton, 1979, p. 66.

  ‘She was in love with …’: Elizabeth, Countess of Fingall, Seventy Years Young, Collins, 1937, p. 208.

  p. 128 ‘What a man …’: Frances, Countess of Warwick, Afterthoughts, Cassell, 1931, p. 42.

  ‘Wild rumours …’: cited in Geoffrey Bennett, Charlie B, Peter Dawnay, 1968, p. 166.

  ‘The letter was …’: cited ibid., p. 165.

  p. 129 ‘Matters have …’: cited ibid., p. 166.

  ‘Ill-considered …’: cited ibid., p. 168.

  CHAPTER FOURTEEN

  p. 132 ‘Some 500 miners …’: Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 10 July 1912.

  p. 134 ‘His Lordship …’: Fitzwilliam family scrapbook. Private Collection.

  p. 135 ‘Hundreds of millions …’: Roger Dataller (pseud.), From a Pitman’s Notebook, Jonathan Cape, 1925, p. 111.<
br />
  ‘We were getting along …’: interview with Albert Wildman, Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 10 July 1912.

  ‘Work I could not …’: Miners’ Federation of Great Britain, Messrs R. Smillie & V. Hartshorn’s Report of the Cadeby Colliery Explosion Inquiry, 1912.

  p. 136 ‘When I got to …’: ibid.

  ‘When I got 200 or 300 yards …’: ibid.

  p. 137 ‘It was the handymen …’: author’s interview with May Bailey, February 2004.

  p. 138 ‘We went slowly …’: interview with Albert Wildman, Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 10 July 1912.

  ‘As Albert …’: ibid.

  p. 139 ‘Some three hundred …’: ibid.

  ‘On a stone …’: ibid.

  p. 140 ‘We had been working …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, 13 July 1912.

  ‘For the most part …’: ibid.

  p. 141 ‘The King and Queen …’: cited ibid.

  p. 142 ‘For a greater part …’: Yorkshire Post, 10 July 1912.

  ‘It was William Brown’s …’: ibid.

  p. 143 ‘I fear I must …’: Lord Stamfordham to Viscount Halifax, 29 June 1912, Hickleton Papers, Borthwick Institute for Archives, Charles, 2nd Viscount Halifax Papers.

  p. 145 ‘the ill-fated colliery …’: Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 10 July 1912.

  p. 146 ‘At 6.45 …’: King George V’s diary, Royal Archives, Windsor Castle.

  p. 147 ‘They hadn’t got …’: interview with Elfrida, Countess of Wharncliffe, recorded by Roy Young in 1977.

  ‘Today the deep …’: Lady Mary Fitzwilliam’s diary. Private Collection.

  ‘Their obvious …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, 13 July 1912.

  ‘Mindful of …’: Lord Halifax to W. J. Birkbeck, 11 July 1912, Borthwick Institute for Archives, Hickleton Papers, Charles, 2nd Viscount Halifax Papers.

  p. 148 ‘A horrible sight …’: Coroner, cited in Mexborough and Swinton Times, 13 July 1912.

  p. 149 ‘My friends …’: King George V, cited in Sheffield Daily Telegraph, 12 July 1912.

  p. 150 ‘Mr Chambers …’: Home Office Report, R. A. S. Redmayne, HM Chief Inspector of Mines, Explosions at the Cadeby Main Colliery, HMSO, 1913.

  p. 151 ‘All my hopes …’: J. G. Lockhart, Cosmo Gordon Lang, Hodder & Stoughton, 1949, p. 217.

  p. 152 ‘My dear Fitzwilliam …’: King George V to Billy, 7th Earl Fitzwilliam, 14 July 1912. Private Collection.

  ‘The Queen …’: Cosmo Gordon Lang, Archbishop of York Papers, Correspondence, Lambeth Palace Archives.

  CHAPTER SIXTEEN

  p. 155 ‘Gallantry of …’: The Times, 3 November 1914.

  ‘They would call it Ypres …’: Lyn Macdonald, 1914, Michael Joseph, 1987, p. 386.

  ‘At lunchtime …’: ibid., p. 393.

  p. 156 ‘Whole brigades …’: ibid., p. 425.

  ‘All leave was prohibited …’: G. J. C. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam v W. T. G. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam et al., Royal Courts of Justice, February 1951, Day 6, Sheffield Archives, Uncatalogued Material, Wentworth Woodhouse Muniments, Box 345.

  p. 157 ‘I believe …’: Toby Fitzwilliam to George Fitzwilliam, 20 May 1914, ibid., Box 343.

  ‘You have insulted …’: George Fitzwilliam to Toby Fitzwilliam, 21 May 1914, ibid.

  p. 158 ‘My dear Father …’: Toby Fitzwilliam to George Fitzwilliam, 19 May 1914, ibid.

  ‘My dear Mother …’: Toby Fitzwilliam to Evie Fitzwilliam, 20 May 1914, ibid.

  p. 160 ‘There are some people …’: G. J. C. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam v W. T. G. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam et al., Royal Courts of Justice, February 1951, Day 6, Sheffield Archives, Uncatalogued Material, WWM, Box 345.

  ‘In his summing up …’: G. J. C. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam v W. T. G. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam et al., Royal Courts of Justice, February 1951, Day 20, ibid., Box 344.

  ‘I trust letters …’: Toby Fitzwilliam to Mr Battock, 10 May 1914, ibid., Box 343.

  p. 161 ‘Toby Darling …’: Evie Fitzwilliam to Toby Fitzwilliam, 23 September 1913, ibid.

  ‘My dear Beryl …’: Evie Fitzwilliam to Beryl Morgan, 24 September 1913, ibid.

  ‘My father …’: deposition of Margot Lorne, Johannesburg, October 1950, Sheffield Archives, Uncatalogued Material, WWM, Box 343.

  ‘Beryl Darling …’: Evie Fitzwilliam to Beryl Morgan 29 September 1913, ibid.

  p. 162 ‘Beryl wasn’t extremely pretty …’: author’s interview with Deirdre Newton, November 2005.

  ‘For a time …’: deposition of Margot Lorne, Johannesburg, October 1950, Sheffield Archives, Uncatalogued Material, WWM, Box 343.

  ‘A pathological occurrence …’: Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe, G. J. C. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam v W. T. G. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam et al., Royal Courts of Justice, February 1951, Day 1, ibid., Box 345.

  ‘What luck …’: anon. postcard, postmarked Bristol, 13 October 1913, ibid., Box 343.

  p. 163 ‘My Dear Beryl …’: Evie Fitzwilliam to Beryl Morgan, 20 October 1913, ibid.

  p. 164 ‘In those days …’: Frances Warwick, Afterthoughts, Cassell and Co., 1931, p. 198.

  ‘A fellow marrying like that …’: deposition of Lt-Col James Burns-Hartopp, August 1950, Royal Courts of Justice, Sheffield Archives, Uncatalogued Material, WWM, Box 343.

  ‘George hasn’t one ounce …’: Charles Fitzwilliam to George Douglas, 9 February 1889, ibid.

  ‘Just imagine …’: Warwick, Afterthoughts, p. 193.

  ‘My mother’s reactions …’: G. J. C. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam v W. T. G. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam et al., Royal Courts of Justice, February 1951, Day 7, Sheffield Archives, Uncatalogued Material, WWM, Box 345.

  p. 165 ‘Darling, I’m not one bit …’: Evie Fitzwilliam to Beryl Morgan, 2 November 1913, ibid., p. 343.

  ‘Darling, Do be an Angel …’: Evie Fitzwilliam to Beryl Morgan, 4 November 1913, ibid.

  ‘My dearest Mum …’: Beryl Morgan to Evie Fitzwilliam,8 December 1913, ibid.

  p. 166 ‘I remember …’: author’s interview with Deirdre Newton, November 2005.

  ‘I feel I could never …’: Toby Fitzwilliam to Mr Battock,21 April 1914, Sheffield Archives, Uncatalogued Material, WWM, Box 343.

  p. 167 ‘My dear Toby …’: Evie Fitzwilliam to Toby Fitzwilliam, 26 April 1914, ibid.

  ‘My dear Beryl …’: Evie Fitzwilliam to Beryl Morgan, 26 April 1914, ibid.

  p. 168 ‘I would write …’: Toby Fitzwilliam to George Fitzwilliam, 27 April 1914, ibid.

  ‘I do not intend to …’: George Fitzwilliam to Toby Fitzwilliam, 30 April 1914, ibid.

  ‘Under no circumstances …’: Evie Fitzwilliam to Toby Fitzwilliam, 3 May 1914, ibid.

  p. 169 ‘She told me …’: Kate Rickards, G. J. C. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam v W. T. G. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam et al., Royal Courts of Justice, February 1951, Day 4, ibid., Box 345.

  p. 170 ‘Dear Toby …’: Evie Fitzwilliam to Toby Fitzwilliam, 3 November 1914, ibid., Box 343.

  ‘My feelings were …’: Toby Fitzwilliam, G. J. C. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam v W. T. G. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam et al., Royal Courts of Justice, February 1951, Day 6, ibid., Box 345.

  p. 171 ‘To Toby’s surprise …’: ibid.

  ‘There was nothing …’: Toby Fitzwilliam, cross-examined by Sir David Maxwell-Fyfe, G. J. C. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam v W. T. G. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam et al., Royal Courts of Justice, February 1951, Day 6, ibid.

  p. 172 ‘Evie was a woman …’: deposition of Margot Lorne, Johannesburg, October 1950, ibid., Box 343.

  ‘I went to school …’: Tom Fitzwilliam, G. J. C. Wentworth Fitzwilliam v W. T. G. Wentworth-Fitzwilliam et al., Royal Courts of Justice, February 1951, day 12, ibid., Box 344.

  ‘A little time …’: deposition of Margot Lorne, Johannesburg, October 1950, ibid., Box 343.

  CHAPTER SEVENTEEN

  p. 177 ‘Thousands of black-suited …’: Rotherham Advertiser, 31 January 1920.

  ‘Fifty thousand …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, March 1921.

  p. 178 ‘They did not k
now …’: author’s interview with Charles Doyne, March 2004.

  ‘Thirty million working days …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, 3 January 1920.

  p. 179 ‘In the month of January …’: R. Page Arnot, The Miners: Years of Struggle, George Allen & Unwin, 1953, p. 189.

  ‘For the manufacturer …’: Duff Cooper, Haig, Faber and Faber, 1936, p. 404.

  ‘In the five years …’: Noel Annan, Our Age, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1990, p. 66.

  ‘It went back …’: ibid., p. 19.

  ‘I said …’: cited in Duff Cooper, Haig, p. 418.

  p. 180 ‘It is not their duty …’: cited ibid.

  ‘Chatter about revolution …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, 6 September 1919.

  p. 182 ‘There is neither shadow …’: Fitzwilliam family scrapbook. Private collection.

  ‘Nothing …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, 19 April 1919.

  p. 183 ‘The lecturer said …’: ibid.

  ‘The association was established …’: author’s interview with Dr Quentin Outram, Senior Lecturer in Economics, Leeds University Business School, September 2005.

  ‘Mowbray and Stourton …’: list of MOAGB members supplied by Dr Quentin Outram.

  CHAPTER EIGHTEEN

  p. 185 ‘At his answer …’: The Times, 9 May 1919.

  ‘Don’t you think …’: ibid.

  p. 186 ‘If this Commission …’: ibid.

  ‘He was the owner …’: The Times, 8 May 1919.

  ‘I suppose …’: ibid.

  p. 188 ‘7,000 …’: F. M. L. Thompson, English Landed Society, 1963, p. 27.

  ‘Twenty-nine peers …’: David Cannadine, The Decline and Fall of the British Aristocracy, Yale University Press, 1990, pp. 710–11.

  ‘Less than 5 per cent …’: Royal Commission, Mining Royalties, 1893.

  p. 189 ‘Robert Smillie …’: The Times, 8 May 1919.

  ‘I want to examine …’: ibid.

  p. 191 ‘There are houses …’: cited in R. Page Arnot, The Miners: Years of Struggle, George Allen & Unwin, 1953, p. 200.

  ‘The total profits …’: cited ibid., p. 190.

  ‘Many of the coal owners …’: cited ibid., p. 193.

  ‘Even upon the evidence …’: cited ibid., p. 200.