Black Diamonds: The Rise & Fall of an English Dynasty

by Bailey, Catherine

p. 192 ‘During the Great War …’: estimate based on the Marquess of Bute’s and the Earl of Dunraven’s wartime coal income – the former above Billy Fitzwilliam on the list of Britain’s wealthiest mineral royalty owners, the latter below him. The source of the list is B. Fine, The Nationalization of the UK Coal Royalties, 1938: Compensation Payments (computer file), Colchester, Essex: UK Data Archive (distributor), January 1983. SN:1825.

  ‘They are all decent …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, 5 July 1919.

  p. 193 ‘If they throw themselves …’: David Lloyd George, House of Commons debate, March 1919.

  ‘Was it a huge game …’: Vernon Hartshorn, House of Commons debate, 18 August 1919.

  p. 194 ‘Delegates …’: decision taken by MFGB Executive Committee, 9 January 1920, cited in Page Arnot, The Miners: Years of Struggle, p. 217.

  CHAPTER NINETEEN

  p. 196 ‘Three footmen waited …’: author’s interview with Bert May, Jack May’s son, June 2004.

  ‘Some minutes later …’: Rotherham Advertiser, 31 January 1920.

  ‘Under the watchful gaze …’: ibid.

  ‘Walking twenty paces …’: ibid.

  p. 197 ‘A lone bugler …’: ibid.

  ‘From the direction …’: ibid.

  ‘Some of the veterans …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, January 1919.

  p. 198 ‘At a nod …’: Rotherham Advertiser, 31 January 1920.

  ‘Haig’s speech …’: ibid.

  CHAPTER TWENTY

  p. 201 ‘They had moved …’: author’s interview with Armand Smith, June 2004.

  p. 202 ‘in the words …’: Chips – The Diaries of Sir Henry Channon, ed. Robert Rhode James, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1967, p. 24.

  ‘We saw it through a gauze …’: author’s interview with Armand Smith, June 2004.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-ONE

  p. 203 ‘My grandfather …’: author’s interview with Joyce Smith, April 2004.

  ‘We were very happy …’: ibid.

  ‘The thing that …’: ibid.

  p. 204 ‘One morning …’: ibid.

  ‘It was a child’s dream …’: ibid.

  p. 205 ‘I longed to meet him …’: ibid.

  ‘If Peter …’: ibid.

  p. 206 ‘Armand and I …’: ibid.

  ‘They thought …’: author’s interview with Lady Barbara Ricardo, November 2005.

  p. 207 ‘When the monthly nurse …’: author’s interview with Joyce Smith, April 2004.

  ‘If you call a baby …’: ibid.

  ‘His birth meant …’: author’s interview with Lady Barbara Ricardo, November 2005.

  ‘Billy spared no expense …’: Roy Young, The Big House and the Little Village, Wentworth Garden Centre, 2000, p. 47.

  p. 208 ‘One showed …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, 18 February 1911.

  ‘Anything Peter wanted …’: author’s interview with Lady Barbara Ricardo, November 2005.

  ‘He rode out …’: author’s interview with Charles Doyne, June 2004.

  p. 209 ‘We were all mad about …’: interview with Elfrida, Countess of Wharncliffe, recorded by Roy Young in 1977.

  ‘At the tender age …’: article by Peter Fitzwilliam, Hunting, December 1936.

  ‘In the nursery …’: author’s interview with Joyce Smith, April 2004.

  p. 210 ‘There was …’: ibid.

  ‘Then, at that sort …’: cited in The Country House Remembered, ed. Merlin Waterson, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1985, p. 115.

  p. 211 ‘There was quite a party …’: author’s interview with Charles Doyne, June 2004.

  ‘One of the young men …’: author’s interview with Joyce Smith, April 2004.

  ‘They’d had a paper chase …’: author’s interview with Bert May, November 2004.

  p. 212 ‘It was terribly difficult …’: author’s interview with Joyce Smith, April 2004.

  ‘He was very keen …’: author’s interview with Charles Doyne, June 2004.

  ‘He had many girlfriends …’: author’s interview with Lady Barbara Ricardo, March 2004.

  ‘He used to take her …’: author’s interview with Griffie Phillips, September 2004.

  ‘In the 1920s …’: author’s interview with Robert Tottie, former deputy agent at Wentworth, August 2005.

  p. 213 ‘Lordie was a bit of a lad …’: author’s interview with Bert May, November 2004.

  ‘You didn’t marry a person …’: author’s interview with Peter Diggle, November 2005.

  ‘My mother …’: author’s interview with Joyce Smith, April 2004.

  p. 214 ‘The fact of my illegitimacy …’: Fred Smith, ‘We asked them for bread,’ Ivanhoe Review, No. 8, Summer 1995, Archives and Local Studies Section, Rotherham Metropolitan Borough Council.

  p. 215 ‘We thought …’: author’s interview with Joyce Smith, April 2004

  p. 216 ‘It was a lot of rot …’: author’s interview with Gracie Woodcock, June 2004.

  ‘It weren’t her face …’: author’s interview with Walt Hammond, July 2005.

  p. 217 ‘The gatekeepers were expected …’: author’s interview with Gordon Hempsey, August 2005.

  ‘He used to haunt …’: author’s interview with Joyce Smith, April 2004.

  p. 218 ‘During the school …’: testimony of Mrs Bradley, 18 October 1988, Archive, Wentworth Estate Office.

  ‘He is a backward …’: extract from Admissions Register, Royal School for the Deaf, Derby, Admission No. 766.

  p. 219 ‘According to his …’: author’s interview with Lily Fletcher, February 2006.

  ‘A Statement of Particulars …’: n.d., Archive, Wentworth Estate Office.

  ‘I was frightened …’: author’s interview with Lily Fletcher, February 2006.

  p. 220 ‘Dear Mother …’: letter written with Lily Fletcher by Edgar Bower to his dead mother, 16 October 1988, Archive, Went-worth Estate Office.

  ‘When he told me …’: author’s interview with Lily Fletcher, February 2006.

  p. 222 ‘I believed Edgar …’: ibid.

  ‘The doctor sent …’: author’s interview with Gracie Wood cock, June 2004.

  ‘It was the love …’: author’s interview with Lily Fletcher, February 2004.

  p. 223 ‘When we pulled up …’: ibid.

  ‘Everybody …’: letter written with Lily Fletcher by Edgar Bower to his dead mother, 16 October 1988, Archive, Wentworth Estate Office.

  p. 224 ‘We went up …’: author’s interview with Lily Fletcher, February 2006.

  ‘They knew …’: ibid.

  ‘I moved back home …’: letter written with Lily Fletcher by Edgar Bower to his dead mother, 16 October 1988, Archive, Wentworth Estate Office.

  p. 225 ‘Such matters …’: Guy Canby to Edgar Bower, 5 October 1989, Archive, Wentworth Estate Office.

  ‘Mr Broadhead …’: memo to Guy Canby, 13 May 1996, Archive, Wentworth Estate Office.

  ‘It’s a matter …’: author’s interview with Elizabeth Wilde, February 2006.

  p. 226 ‘He ain’t buried …’: author’s interview with Gracie Woodcock, June 2004.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-TWO

  p. 229 ‘On the evening …’: War Office Situation Report No. 1, 3 May 1926, Public Record Office, Kew, WO 30/143.

  ‘Everything I care for …’: Stanley Baldwin, House of Commons Emergency Debate, 3 May 1926.

  ‘Home Office Directorate …’: Keith Jeffrey and Peter Hennessy, States of Emergency, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983, p. 6.

  p. 230 ‘Enemies …’: Winston Churchill, House of Commons Emergency Debate, 3 May 1926.

  ‘The owners are the provokers …’: House of Commons Emergency Debate, 3 May 1926.

  p. 231 ‘I do believe …’: George Lansbury, House of Commons Debate, 25 June 1926.

  ‘In 1919 …’: Lloyd George at an interview with the leaders of the Triple Alliance, quoted in Jeffrey and Hennessy, States of Emergency, p. 7.

  p. 232 ‘It should be impressed …’: secret telegram f
rom War Office to GOC-in-C, Home Commands, 3 May 1926, Public Record Office, Kew, WO 30/143.

  ‘Commanders in the field …’: ibid.

  ‘The M.T. Drivers …’: telegram, 2 May 1926, ibid.

  ‘There are very few light …’: Stanley Baldwin, House of Commons Emergency Debate, 3 May 1926.

  p. 233 ‘All of Europe …’: cited in letter from Lady Sybil Middleton to Lady Halifax, 24 May 1926, Hickleton Papers, Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York A2.280.2.

  ‘Clip-clop …’: Roger Dataller (pseud.), From a Pitman’s Note-book, Jonathan Cape, 1925, pp. 126–7.

  p. 234 ‘GEORGE REX …’: the King’s Proclamation, cited in R. Page Arnot, The Miners: Years of Struggle, George Allen & Unwin,1953, p. 421.

  p. 235 ‘If tha’ goes out …’: author’s interview with Walt Hammond, August 2005.

  ‘You must …’: author’s interview with Gordon Scott, August 2005.

  p. 236 ‘There was never a major …’: Roger Dataller (pseud.), A Yorkshire Lad, unpublished memoir.

  ‘He was generous …’: author’s interview with Jim McGuinness, August 2005.

  ‘Wages-wise …’: author’s interview with Ralph Boreham, August 2005.

  ‘We knew our place …’: author’s interview with Charles Booth, April 2004.

  p. 237 ‘Bearing each a …’: Dataller, A Yorkshire Lad.

  ‘Here we are …’: Sir W. Riddell to Lady Dorothy Halifax, 9 May 1926, Hickleton Papers, Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York, A2.280.2.

  ‘Yesterday 20 tanks …’: Lady Manners to Lady Dorothy Halifax, 6 May 1926, ibid.

  ‘Its citizens …’: Sir W. Riddell to Lady Dorothy Halifax,9 May 1926, ibid .

  p. 238 ‘I don’t think …’: Mabel, Countess Gray, to Lady Dorothy Halifax, 12 May 1926, ibid.

  ‘5th Infantry Brigade …’: War Office Situation Report, Public Record Office, Kew, WO 30/143.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-THREE

  p. 239 ‘Broad Yorkshire …’: author’s interview with Walt Hammond, miner from New Stubbin colliery.

  ‘Twenty-four hours …’: Roger Dataller (pseud.), A Yorkshire Lad, unpublished memoir.

  ‘Caesar had been …’: Roger Dataller (pseud.), ‘From a miner’s journal’, Adelphi magazine, vol. II, No. 2, July 1924.

  p. 240 ‘The horses knew …’: Jim Bullock, Bowers Row, EP Publishing,1976, p. 195.

  ‘My father …’: interview with Elfrida, Countess of Wharncliffe, recorded by Roy Young in 1977.

  p. 241 ‘My mother …’: Bullock, Bowers Row, p. 184.

  ‘When I went …’: ibid.

  p. 242 ‘If the mice …’: ibid., p. 37.

  ‘There used to be …’: ibid., p. 215.

  ‘Despite everything …’: ibid., p. 184.

  ‘There is no night …’: Dataller, ‘From a miner’s journal’.

  p. 243 ‘As soon as …’: Bullock, Bowers Row, p. 185.

  ‘He had finished …’: ibid., p. 179.

  p. 244 ‘When my father …’: ibid., p. 177.

  ‘I have never …’: ibid., p. 184.

  p. 245 ‘When I got …’: ibid., p. 185.

  ‘The ponies were put …’: ibid., p. 196.

  p. 246 ‘The pony was always …’: Fred Smith, ‘We asked them for bread’, Ivanhoe Review, Rotherham Archives and Local Studies Section, No. 8, Summer 1995.

  ‘The ponies knew …’: Bullock, Bowers Row, p. 197.

  ‘I could write …’: ibid., p. 201.

  ‘I know that …’: Smith, ‘We asked them for bread’.

  p. 247 ‘The worst accidents …’: Bullock, Bowers Row, p. 197.

  ‘In 1925 …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, 26 March 1926.

  ‘You would …’: Bullock, Bowers Row, p. 198.

  ‘Fortunately …’: ibid., p. 195.

  ‘The older lads …’: ibid., p. 197.

  p. 248 ‘I remember …’: Frank Johnson, interviewed by Brian Elliott, Yorkshire Mining Veterans, Wharncliffe Books, 2005, p. 85.

  ‘I should not be living …’: Arthur Clayton, interviewed by Brian Elliott, ibid., p. 21.

  ‘Lord Fitzwilliam’s …’: author’s interview with Joyce Smith, April 2004.

  p. 249 ‘There used to be …’: author’s interview with Ralph Boreham, August 2005.

  ‘We’d play cricket …’: author’s interview with Ernest Whit-worth, August 2005.

  ‘He said …’: author’s interview with Geoffrey Steer, August 2005.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-FOUR

  p. 250 ‘SECRET …’: Public Records Office, Kew, WO 30/143.

  p. 251 ‘Most people …’: Lady Bentinck to Lady Halifax, 10 June 1926, Hickleton Papers, Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York, A2.280.2.

  p. 252 ‘Lord Portarlington …’: Lady Sybil Middleton to Lady Halifax, 24 May 1926, ibid.

  ‘The Horse Guards …’: Mabel, Countess Grey, to Lady Halifax, 12 May 1926, ibid.

  ‘Rex is …’: Lady Sybil Middleton to Lady Halifax, 24 May 1926, ibid.

  ‘I was in despair …’: Lady Bentinck to Lady Halifax, 10 June 1926, ibid.

  p. 253 ‘Instead of me …’: Lady Mary Clive, Brought Up and Brought Out, Cobden-Sanderson, 1938, p. 162.

  ‘When they …’: ibid., p. 165.

  ‘It was of course …’: ibid., p. 163.

  ‘Our triumph …’: ibid., p. 167.

  p. 254 ‘The washing water …’: ibid.

  ‘As soon as …’: Lady Sybil Middleton to Lady Halifax, 24 May 1926, Hickleton Papers, Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York, A2.280.2.

  p. 255 ‘The shop girls …’: Lady Mary Clive, Brought Up and Brought Out, p. 169.

  ‘As Thomas Jones …’: Keith Jeffrey and Peter Hennessy, States of Emergency, Routledge & Kegan Paul, 1983, p. 122.

  p. 256 ‘A total of 4,000 …’: A. J. P. Taylor, English History 1914–1945, Oxford University Press, paperback edition, 1992, p. 245.

  ‘An MI5 report …’: Public Records Office, Kew, HO 144/6116.

  ‘The result of the GS …’: Lord Birkenhead to Lord Irwin, 30 May 1926, cited in John Campbell, F. E. Smith, Jonathan Cape, 1983, p. 775.

  p. 257 ‘This coal trouble …’: Lady Bentinck to Lady Halifax, 10 June 1926, Hickleton Papers, Borthwick Institute for Archives, University of York, A2.280.2.

  ‘Britain’s colliers …’: George Hall, created Viscount Hall in 1946, Emergency House of Commons debate, 3 May 1926.

  p. 258 ‘Writing to …’: Miss Brodigan to Stanley Baldwin, 19 June 1926, Public Records Office, Kew, CAB 21/296.

  ‘Blaina …’: report attached to letter above, ibid.

  p. 259 ‘In 1870 …’: R. Page Arnot, The Miners: Years of Struggle, George Allen & Unwin, 1953, p. 526.

  p. 260 ‘By the mid-1920s …’: ibid., p. 354.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-FIVE

  p. 262 ‘I hawe gotta …’: Roger Dataller (pseud.), From a Pitman’s Notebook, Jonathan Cape, 1925, pp. 208–9.

  p. 263 ‘The Fitzwilliams were liked …’: author’s interview with May Bailey, June 2004.

  ‘If anyone went without …’: author’s interview with Gracie Woodcock, June 2004.

  ‘I’ll slay …’: Mexborough and Swinton Times, 28 May 1926.

  ‘We called her Lady Bountiful …’: author’s interview with Bert May, September 2004.

  ‘When the Vicar …’: Roy Young, The Big House and the Little Village, Wentworth Garden Centre, 2000, p. 137.

  p. 264 ‘All the mothers …’: author’s interview with May Bailey, June 2004.

  ‘Lady Maud …’: author’s interview with Rita King, August 2005.

  ‘The calves’ foot …’: family recipe book. Private Collection.

  p. 265 ‘They had these huge set pots …’: author’s interview with May Bailey, June 2004.

  ‘Acting upon …’: The Times, 13 September 1911.

  p. 266 ‘Most people ran out …’: Luke Evans, unpublished memoir, Doncaster Library, Local Studies Section.

&nbs
p; ‘It was clog and boot …’: Ernest Kaye, interviewed by Brian Elliott, Yorkshire Mining Veterans, Wharncliffe Books, 2005, p. 55.

  ‘I can remember …’: Jack Parkin, ibid.

  p. 267 ‘The owners …’: Lord Londonderry to Winston Churchill, Churchill Papers, Churchill College, Cambridge, Char 18/28.

  ‘It would be possible …’: Lord Birkenhead to Lord Irwin, 30 May 1926, cited in John Campbell, F. E. Smith, Jonathan Cape, 1983, p. 775.

  p. 268 ‘Coal, iron and steel …’: Quentin Outram, Class Warriors: The Coalowners, Industrial Relations and the 1926 Mining Lockout: The Struggle for Dignity, ed. J. McIlroy, A. Campbell and K. Gildart, University of Wales Press, Cardiff, 2004, pp. 107–35.

  ‘With the exception of one …’: ibid.

  p. 269 ‘Evan Williams …’: cited in Martin Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, Heinemann, 1976, vol. 5, p. 185.

  p. 270 ‘I spent …’: Miss Brodigan to Stanley Baldwin, 19 June 1926, Public Records Office, Kew, CAB 21/296.

  ‘You say that …’: Winston Churchill to Lord Londonderry, 3 November 1926, Churchill Papers, Churchill College, Cambridge, Char 18/28.

  p. 271 ‘It would seem …’: Churchill to Stanley Baldwin, 10 September 1926, quoted in Gilbert, Winston S. Churchill, p. 202.

  ‘I am not happy …’: telegram from Lord Birkenhead to Winston Churchill, ibid., p. 203.

  ‘The Moscow …’: ibid., p. 220.

  p. 272 ‘The whole machinery …’: Stanley Baldwin, Emergency Debate in the House of Commons, 3 May 1926.

  ‘If wages are …’: ibid.

  p. 273 ‘Well? …’: Roger Dataller (pseud.), ‘From a miner’s journal’, Adelphi magazine, vol. 11, No. 2, July 1924.

  p. 274 ‘Through forces …’: cited in R. Page Arnot, The Miners: Years of Struggle, George Allen & Unwin, 1953, p. 533.

  ‘We never forgot …’: conversation with Jack Steer, recorded by John Wrigley in 1966.

  CHAPTER TWENTY-SIX

  p. 275 ‘Morning Prayers were a chance …’: author’s interview with May Bailey, February 2004.

  p. 276 ‘By golly …’: author’s interview with Bert May, March 2004.

  p. 277 ‘I was a choir boy …’: author’s interview with Charles Booth, February 2006.

  ‘He was a grand fellow …’: author’s interview with Walker Scales, May 2004.

  p. 278 ‘He were a friend …’: author’s interview with Walt Hammond, August 2005.