Friend of a Friend . . ._Understanding the Hidden Networks That Can Transform Your Life and Your Career
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13. Jessica R. Methot, Jeffery A. LePine, Nathan P. Podsakoff, and Jessica Siegel Christian, “Are Workplace Friendships a Mixed Blessing? Exploring Tradeoffs of Multiplex Relationships and Their Associations with Job Performance,” Personnel Psychology 69, no. 2 (2015): 311–355.
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14. Ibid., 339.
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15. Rick Aalbers, Wilfred Dolfsma, and Otto Koppius, “Rich Ties and Innovative Knowledge Transfer Within a Firm,” British Journal of Management 25, no. 4 (2014): 833–848.
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16. Ibid., 844.
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17. Whitney Johnson, interview with the author, March 29, 2017.
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18. Ibid.
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19. Clayton M. Christensen, The Innovator’s Dilemma: When New Technologies Cause Great Firms to Fail (Boston: Harvard Business School Publishing, 1997).
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20. Whitney Johnson, interview with the author, March 29, 2017.
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Conclusion
1. Nicholas A. Christakis and James H. Fowler, Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives (New York: Little, Brown & Co., 2009).
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2. Albert-László Barabási, Bursts: The Hidden Pattern Behind Everything We Do, from Your Email to Bloody Crusades (New York: Dutton, 2010).
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3. Nicholas A. Christakis and James H. Fowler, “The Spread of Obesity in a Large Social Network over 32 Years,” New England Journal of Medicine 357, no. 4 (2007): 370–379.
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4. Nicholas A. Christakis and James H. Fowler, “The Collective Dynamics of Smoking in a Large Social Network,” New England Journal of Medicine 358, no. 21 (2008): 2249–2258.
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5. Christakis and Fowler, Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives, 116.
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6. James H. Fowler and Nicholas A. Christakis, “Dynamic Spread of Happiness in a Large Social Network: Longitudinal Analysis over 20 Years in the Framingham Heart Study,” BMJ 337 (2008): a2338.
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7. Christakis and Fowler, Connected: The Surprising Power of Our Social Networks and How They Shape Our Lives, 51.
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Index
A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z
A
Aalbers, Rick, 202
advice, 5, 108–9
Al Qaeda, 64, 73–74
Albert, Réka, 115, 130–32
Alhazmi, Nawaq, 73
al-Midhar, Khalid, 73
alumni networks, 50–51
Amaral, Luís, 98–99
Amazon book purchases, 165
American Mathematical Society, 38
Anderson, Sherwood, 75
arm’s-length ties, 80, 86
Art of Charm, The (podcast), 120
attitudes, on networking, 5–7
average network size, 111–16, 147–48
B
Bacon, Kevin, 35–38, 43–44, 115
Barábasi, Albert-László, 115, 130–32
Barfield, Owen, 75
Barra, Mary, 72–73
Beatty, Warren, 108
bell curve, 114
Ben & Jerry’s, 196–97
Berkshire Hathaway, 194
“big sort,” 165
Bishop, Bill, 163
Bisnow, Elliott, 81–84
blinks, 65
Blumberg, Alex, 168–71
body mass index (BMI), 211
Botha, Roelof, 92
bridge, card game, 193–95
brokers, 52–70
defined, 59, 61
exercises, 69–70
McGonigal’s video games anecdote, 52–57
in military, 63–68
structural holes and, 58–63
value and, 68
Brooks, David, 162
Buffett, Warren, 192–95
building bridges. See brokers
Burt, Ronald, 9
garment industry network, 79–81
innovation, 60–61
on structural holes, 58–59, 78–79
on success, 60
C
Calley, John, 108
career paths, 62–63
Casciaro, Tiziana, 6–7
Catmull, Ed, 186, 187–88
Center of Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), 213
Centola, Damon, 77–78, 81
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), 65, 73–74
charity: water, 27–32
Chen, Steve, 92
Cherokee language, 59–60
Cherokee Phoenix, The, 60
Christakis, Nicholas, 209–14
Christensen, Clayton, 204–6
Christian, Jessica Siegel, 200–203
Clarium Capital, 95
cleanliness, networking and, 6–7
Clinton, Hillary Rodham, 158–63
close-knit ties, 80, 86
clusters, 71–90
advantages of, 76, 81
creating, 81–84
defined, 58
exercises, 88–90
Italian glassmakers, 71–72, 74
military, 64–65
safety and, 72–74
timing of, 77–81
writers and, 75–76
See also super-connectors; teams
Cohen, Ben, 196–97
collaboration. See teams
collaboration distance calculator, 38
comfort, 181
communication
company structure and, 101–3
network building, 118
silos and, 76
teams and, 100
communities. See clusters
company structures, 62–63, 100–101, 185–86
concussion, 52–53
Confinity, 93
connectedness, 35–51
degrees of separation, 35–38
exercises, 50–51
Facebook, 45
impact of, 45–46
Milgram’s studies on, 38–41
network navigation, 46–49
small-world effect, 41–45
See also super-connectors
Corrado, Raffaele, 198–200
Course Match (software program), 151
CreativeMornings, 85–87
creativity. See innovation
Cross, Rob, 8
Cruise, Tom, 36
“curiosity conversations,” 110
Cushing, Rob, 163
D
Dalí, Salvador, 137
Davis, Andrew, 143–46
degrees of separation, 35–38
del Giocondo, Lisa Gherardini, 135
depression, 213–14
disruptive innovation, 205–6
diversity
brokers and, 62–63
dormant ties, 24, 25–26
exercises, 172–73
issue of, 168–71
Pixar and, 188
social events, 126
super-connectors, 110–11
teams and, 102
weak ties and, 22
See also homophily
Dodds, Peter, 44–45, 133–34
dormant ties, 22–26, 32
Dorsey, Jack, 31
double opt-in introductions, 121–22
downloads, 34, 51, 70, 90, 105, 122, 140, 157, 173, 191, 208
Duchamp, Marcel, 137
Dunbar, Robin, 112, 114
Dunbar’s number, 112
E
eBay, 92, 94–95
education, 185–89, 196
efficiency, 24, 26, 181
Eisenberg, Tina Roth, 84–86
Election Day 2016, 158–63
email, 105, 122, 166–67
embedding program, 67–68
entrepreneurs
creating clusters for, 81–84
social even
ts for, 125–29
Summit Series, 82–84
weak ties and, 20–22
Erdős, Paul, 37–38
“Evoke” (game), 54
Excite.com, 1
executive study, 22–26, 181–83
exercises
clusters, creating your own, 88–90
connectedness, 50–51
homophily, 172–73
majority illusion, 156
multiplexity, 207–8
preferential attachment, 139–40
shared activities, 190–91
structural holes, 69–70
super-connectors, 121–22
teams, 104–5
weak ties, 33–34
experimentation. See innovation
F
Facebook, 7, 93, 96
degrees of separation, 45–46
exercises, 51, 173
majority illusion, 151–55
shared activities, 190–91
Facemash, 151–52
familiarity, 25–26
Fass, Craig, 35–38
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 65, 73–74
feelings, on networking, 5–7
Feld, Scott, 147
Ferriani, Simone, 198–200
Ferriss, Tim, 141–43, 146
Fertitta, Frank, Jr., 13
Fertitta, Lorenzo, 13–18, 19
firefly syncing, 41
Fivethirtyeight.com, 159
fluidity, in organizational charts, 101–3
Fonti, Fabio, 198–200
Ford, Gerald, 164
former coworkers, 50–51
Four-Hour Workweek, The (Ferriss), 142–43
Fowler, James, 210–14
Framingham Heart Study, 210–14
François I (king), 135
Friedkin, Billy, 108
friendship paradox, 147, 148–51
funding, 96
G
Gaignard, Jayson, 123–29
Gamble, James, 195
garment industry network, 79–81
Gates, Mary Maxwell, 193–95
Gates, Bill, 193–95
General Motors (GM), 72–73
genius, solo vs. teamwork, 97–98
gerrymandering, 164
Gimlet Media, 168–71
Ginelli, Mike, 35–38
Gino, Francesca, 6–7
glassmaking silo, 71–72, 74
Godin, Seth, 125
Granovetter, Mark, 19–20
Grazer, Brian, 106–11
Green Day website, 2
Greenfield, Jerry, 196–97
growth, strategic approach to, 141–46
Guare, John, 46
Guimerà, Robert, 98–99
H
happiness, 213–14
Harbinger, Jordan, 116–20
Harris, Bill, 94
Harrison, Scott, 27–32, 82
Hawk, Tony, 31
head trauma, 52–53
Hemingway, Ernest, 75, 81
Hill, Russell, 112
Hoffman, Reid, 3, 93, 96
Hollywood network, 43, 107–9, 115
Holyfield, Evander, 15
homophily, 158–73
diversity, as issue, 168–71
Election Day 2016, 158–63
exercises, 172–73
neighborhood research, 163–64
origin of, 164–65
research on, 165–67
See also innovation
hosting, 139–40
Houston, Sam, 60
Howard, Ron, 110
Howery, Ken, 93, 95
Humphrey, Hubert, 163
Hurley, Chad, 92
I
IDEO, 101–3
Ignition-switch issue, 72–73
Imagine Entertainment, 106, 110
Influencers Dinner, 174–78
influences, on you from network, 171, 212–15
information
structural holes, 58–59
weak ties and, 19, 20, 22
Ingram, Paul, 181–83
“The Inklings,” 75–76
innovation
brokers and, 60–61
creating clusters for, 81–84
“curiosity conversations,” 110–11
disruptive innovation, 205–6
funding for, 96
Levy’s Influencers Dinners, 176–78
multiplexity, 197, 201–2
PayPal Mafia, 93
Pixar and, 186, 188
silos and, 74, 75–76, 78
team rotation, 100, 102
weak ties and, 20–22
See also homophily
instrumental networking, 6–7
interdependence, 184, 187, 189
Internet, 115
Internet Movie Database (IMDb), 37, 43
introductions, 121–22, 156
investment banking study, 78–79
Italian glassmakers, 74
J
Jackson, Bo, 47
“Jane the Concussion Slayer” (game), 54–55
job transition study, 19–20
job hunters, 19–20
Jobs, Steve, 185
Johnson, Whitney, 203–6
Joint Special Operations Task Force, 63–68
Jon Stewart Show, The, 36–37
Jones, Benjamin, 97
Joyce, James, 75
K
Karim, Jawed, 91–92
Kelley, David, 101–3
Kleinbaum, Adam, 61–63, 66
Kossinets, Gueorgi, 166–67
Kouchaki, Maryam, 6–7
Krebs, Valdis, 165
L
Lazarsfeld, Paul, 164–65
Leonardo da Vinci, 135–38
LePine, Jeffery, 200–203
Lerman, Kristina, 148–51
Levchin, Max, 93
Leve, Brett, 81–84
Levin, Daniel, 22–26
Levy, Jon, 174–78, 184
Lewis, C. S., 75–76
liaison officers, 66–67
Lieber, Matt, 168–71
Like-minded people. See clusters; homophily
LinkedIn, 6, 7, 51, 93, 96, 173, 190–91
Lord of the Rings, The (Tolkien), 76
Lucas, George, 185
M
majority illusion, 141–57
Davis’s Tippingpoint Labs, 143–46
exercises, 156–57
Facebook and, 151–55
Ferriss’s success in, 141–43
research on, 147–51
super-connectors and, 146–47
“Mastermind Dinners,” 126–27
“Mastermind Talks,” 128–29
mathematician collaboration, 37–38
Matthew effect, 130–32
May, Thornton, 125
Mayer de Rothschild, David, 82
McCain, John, 15, 17
McChrystal, Stanley, 63–68
McCormack, Andrew, 93, 95
McCormick, Tyler, 113, 115
McGonigal, Jane, 52–57
McKenna-Doyle, Michelle, 46–49
media
election coverage, 158–61
majority illusion, 142–43
mixed martial arts TV show, 16–17
multiplexity study, 198–200
six degrees of separation, 36–37
median network size, 113–14, 147–48
medicine and video games, 52–57
Mercy Ships, 28
Merluzzi, Jennifer, 78–79
Merton, Robert, 130, 164–65
Metcalfe’s Law, 4
Methot, Jessica, 200–203
Michigan, 2016 election, 160–61
Milgram, Stanley, 38–41
military, structure of, 64–65, 112
misconceptions, 5, 7–8, 161
mixed martial arts (MMA), 13–15
mixers, vs. shared activities, 180–85
Momeni, Naghmeh, 148
Mona Lisa (painting), 135–38
Monroe, Marilyn, 36
moo
ds and mental health, 213–14
Moore, Michael, 161–63
Morris, Michael, 181–83
Moskovitz, Dustin, 82
Muhamad, Roby, 44–45
multiplexity, 192–208
Ben & Jerry’s, 196–97
Buffet and Gates’s relationship, 192–95
defined, 192, 195
economic vs. social network, 197–200
exercises, 207–8
Johnson career path, 203–6
performance, 200–203
Procter & Gamble, 195
trust and, 197–98
Murano, 71–72, 74
Murnighan, Keith, 22–26
Musk, Elon, 93, 94, 96
Mycoskie, Blake, 82
N
N Is a Number: A Portrait of Paul Erdős (documentary), 38
Namath, Joe, 47
National Football League (NFL), 46–49
National Public Radio (NPR) podcast, 168–71
National Security Agency (NSA), 65, 74
neocortex, 112