The King's Revenge: Charles II and the Greatest Manhunt in British History

by Jordan, Don

  trials of dissidents, 212;

  witnesses execution of regicides, 240–1, 243;

  clamp-down on printers and booksellers, 242, 280;

  vengeance not sated by trials/executions, 242;

  posthumous dismemberment policy and, 245–6, 250–2;

  ‘White Plot’ and, 248, 285;

  broken promise over religious freedom, 250, 292–3;

  religious clampdown, 250, 292–3, 296;

  Irish assassins in pay of, 266, 298, 299–301, 305–6, 312;

  orders removal of corpses from Abbey, 273;

  marries Catherine of Braganza, 282, 293;

  breaks word on Vane’s pardon, 283–4;

  Catholicism and, 293, 318*, 320, 321, 323;

  uprisings against (1663), 297, 314;

  letter to authorities in Bern, 298;

  expeditionary force to New England (1664), 306–10;

  great fire (1666) and, 313–14;

  issues form of amnesty to sixteen men, 314, 316;

  secret treaty with France, 318, 320, 321;

  death of (5 February 1685), 321, 323;

  marries niece Mary to William of Orange, 321;

  see also Charles, Prince of Wales (future King Charles II)

  Chester, capture of (August 1659), 121

  Cheynell, Francis, 72

  Cicero, 24, 25

  Civil War, First, 14, 70, 95, 121, 153, 214, 224, 261–2, 289, 325–6;

  Battle of Edgehill (23 October 1642), 11, 12–13, 86;

  Prince of Wales and, 11, 12–13, 86;

  Battle of Marston Moor (2 July 1644), 18, 295;

  Battle of Naseby (14 June 1645), 18, 71, 74, 90, 114;

  Charles I’s surrender to Scots (1646), 18–19;

  charge against king and, 38, 45;

  The King’s Cabinet Revealed, 71, 74;

  Belasyse’s defeats at Selby and Bradford (1644), 90;

  Monck and, 124

  Civil War, Second, 21–2, 23, 25–6, 84, 124, 241, 325–6;

  Newport treaty (December 1648), 22–3, 24, 25, 27–9, 49, 147, 164, 165, 230;

  charge against king and, 38, 45;

  execution of royalist leaders (March 1649), 83

  Civil War, Third, 84–6, 109, 193–4

  Clarendon, Lord see Hyde, Edward, Lord Clarendon

  Clarges, John, 164

  Clarges, Thomas, 138, 192

  Clarke, William, 131

  Clement, Gregory, 183, 207, 220, 226

  Coates, Roger, 91

  Cobbett, William, 165–6

  Cochrane, Sir John, 74–5

  Coke, Roger, 174

  Coke, Thomas, 84–5

  Colchester, 21, 169

  Cole, Thomas, The Oxbow, 307

  Commonwealth: Council of State (Cabinet), 8, 75, 78, 80, 84;

  ‘the Good Old Cause’ term, 9, 87*, 115, 149, 168, 276, 290;

  Cromwell’s ‘betrayal’ of, 15, 87–8, 99, 111;

  independence of the judiciary, 39;

  religious toleration and, 39;

  royalist plots against, 73, 78, 83, 84–5, 86, 120–2, 125, 127, 145–6;

  Dorislaus’ mission to The Hague, 75, 76–8;

  burials of luminaries in Westminster Abbey, 78, 110, 244–5, 250–1, 273;

  espionage and intelligence network, 78–9, 83, 84, 85;

  Ascham as ambassador to Spain, 79, 80–3;

  propaganda and, 79;

  ‘engagement’ of faith to, 83;

  execution of royalist Civil War leaders (March 1649), 83;

  invasion of Scotland (1650), 84;

  abolition of, 87–8, 111;

  Cromwell becomes Lord Protector (16 December 1653), 87–9;

  Lambert’s attempt to save, 87*, 157–60, 228, 269;

  re-establishment of (May 1659), 117–19;

  Monck and, 124–9, 133–6, 138–44, 147, 148, 149, 150–3, 154, 158, 159, 160;

  final months of (December 1659-April 1660), 133–44, 145–60;

  switching to royalist cause by officials (1659–60), 145–6

  Compton, Sir William, 90

  constitution, British: constitutional monarchy proposals, 19, 325;

  Magna Carta, 31, 46, 47, 326;

  Commons declares itself supreme authority, 33;

  Tudor ideas on, 48;

  Milton and, 69–70;

  The Instrument of Government (December 1653), 88–9, 114, 193, 326;

  ‘The Humble Petition and Advice’ (1657), 104–5, 158, 262, 264;

  Cromwell’s unelected upper house, 108;

  House of Lords reestablished, 161;

  Convention Parliaments, 161*;

  parliamentary privilege, 204, 225–6;

  issues raised during trial of regicides, 223, 224, 225–6, 230;

  issues raised during Vane’s trial, 283;

  legacy of regicides, 325–6

  Conventicle Act (1664), 250

  Cook, John, 43–4, 146, 147, 181, 182, 207, 328;

  execution of, 15, 235–6, 240;

  trial of Charles I and, 36, 38, 42, 43, 44, 47, 48, 70;

  defendant’s right to silence and, 40, 40*, 326–7;

  trial of, 210, 218

  Cooper, James Fenimore, 319

  Coote, Sir Charles, 136, 145–7, 162, 182

  Corbet, Miles, 207, 215, 275–8, 320

  Corporation Act (1661), 250

  Cotter, James, 266, 305–6

  Cottington, Francis, 81, 82

  Cotton, Sir Robert, 41, 46, 48, 50, 51

  Council of Foreign Plantations, 202–3, 256

  Coventry, Henry, 165

  Cowley, Abraham, 111–12

  Craftie Cromwell (1647), 72–3

  Crew, John, 155

  Cromwell, Elizabeth, 72, 175

  Cromwell, Katherine, 226

  Cromwell, Oliver: New Model Army and, 8, 14, 21, 24–5, 84, 85–6, 105, 108, 113, 160, 269;

  trial of Charles I and, 8, 23*, 29, 32, 38, 41–2, 48, 50;

  death of (3 September 1658), 9, 109–12, 113;

  ‘betrayal’ of Commonwealth, 15, 87–8, 99, 111;

  republican opponents of, 15, 87, 99, 108, 111, 114, 139, 295;

  Joyce’s seizure of king and, 19, 187;

  Battle of Preston (17 August 1648), 21;

  hardening of attitude towards king, 21, 23, 24, 25, 241;

  willingness to work with Charles I, 21, 326;

  march south from Scotland, 24–5, 27;

  Fairfax orders to London (28 November 1648), 25;

  signing of king’s death warrant, 52, 53, 59, 173, 200, 219, 238;

  execution of king and, 55, 59–60, 61, 64, 229, 230;

  law preventing succession of Prince of Wales (1649), 58–9;

  physical appearance of, 72;

  satirical/propaganda attacks on, 72–3, 105–7;

  America and, 80;

  Battle of Dunbar (3 September 1650), 84, 109;

  Battle of Worcester (3 September 1651), 85–6;

  royalist plots against, 86, 90, 91, 92–5, 99–104;

  abolition of Commonwealth, 87–8, 111;

  becomes Lord Protector (16 December 1653), 87–9;

  Leveller hostility towards, 88, 93, 100;

  Thurloe’s espionage and, 88–9, 99, 102, 103;

  lives at Whitehall Palace, 92, 103, 109;

  Gerard plot against (1654), 92–5;

  1655 uprising and, 97, 98;

  police state in Ireland of, 99, 104, 268;

  Sindercombe plot against (1656–7), 100–4;

  offer of crown to (‘The Humble Petition and Advice’, 1657), 104–5, 158, 262, 264;

  Killing No Murder pamphlet (1657), 105–7;

  king-like behaviour/pomp of, 107;

  ill health of, 108, 109;

  unelected upper house, 108;

  tomb in Westminster Abbey, 110, 244–5, 251;

  state funeral of, 110–12, 164;

  on Monck, 124;

  hanging/burning of effigies of, 164, 179;

  posthumous atta
inder of, 174, 175, 206–7;

  seizure of property of, 175;

  attitude towards Prince of Wales, 241;

  disinterment and dismemberment, 244, 245, 246, 251, 252;

  head on pole at Westminster Hall, 252;

  on Tower of London, 270

  Cromwell, Richard, 111, 112, 114, 115–18, 119, 149, 193, 206, 299, 314

  Crowley, Miles, 305

  Crowne, John, 202

  Danvers, Sir John, 38

  Davenant, Sir William, 192

  Davenport, John, 257, 258–9, 260

  Davidson, Sir William, 252, 265, 271

  Davis, Walter, 232

  de Vic, Sir Henry, 195

  de Witt, Johan, 244, 265, 270–1, 275, 276, 312–13, 314–15, 317

  Deane, Richard, 29

  death warrant of Charles I, 2, 4, 132, 147, 183, 210, 267, 275, 322;

  Ludlow and, 14, 170;

  Cromwell and, 52, 53, 59–60, 173, 200, 219, 238;

  signing process, 52–3, 59–60, 173, 219, 238;

  Ingoldsby and Hutchinson excused harsh punishment, 173, 174;

  finding of (July 1660), 200–1, 231;

  trial of regicides and, 212, 215, 217, 219, 220, 222, 225, 226, 231, 237, 238

  Delft (Holland), 272, 274–8

  Dendy, Edward, 37, 39, 41, 175, 181, 182, 207, 270;

  exile in Europe, 267, 270, 289, 293*, 322;

  failed abduction of, 270–1

  Deodati, John, 289

  Derby, Countess of, 203–4

  Derby, Earl of, 85, 203–4

  Desborough, John, 97–8, 105, 114, 115, 117, 184, 189, 316;

  Committee of Safety and, 122, 133;

  exile in Europe, 252, 314

  Devereux, Robert, 3rd Earl of Essex, 11, 14, 230

  Dixwell, John, 168, 196, 207, 308–10, 322–3

  Dorislaus, Isaac, 36, 38, 44, 75, 76–7, 220, 273;

  assassination of, 77–8, 80, 81, 263, 288

  Dorset, Earl of, 213

  Dover, Earl of, 240

  Downes, John, 50, 213*, 237

  Downing, Sir George: espionage and, 4, 262–7, 270;

  pursuit of regicides in Europe, 261, 264–72, 309, 322;

  royalist envoy to the Netherlands, 261, 264–72, 290;

  republican background of, 261–3, 269–70;

  Commonwealth emissary to the Netherlands, 262–3;

  switch to royalist cause, 263–4;

  failed abduction of Dendy, 270–1;

  captures of regicides in Holland, 274–8, 313, 320;

  death of (1684), 323–4

  Drake, William, The Long Parliament Revived, 247

  Dubois, Monsieur, 294, 299–300

  Dunbar, Battle of (3 September 1650), 84, 109

  Edgehill, Battle of (23 October 1642), 11, 12–13, 86

  Eikon Basilike (‘The King’s Image’), 67–9, 73, 75, 78, 79

  Elizabeth, Lady (daughter of Charles I), 51

  Endecott, John, 202–3, 255–6, 257, 258, 259

  espionage and intelligence, 3–4, 74–5, 242;

  Aphra Behn and, 4, 266, 315, 316;

  George Downing and, 4, 262–7, 270;

  royalist, 4, 74, 75, 84–5, 264–7, 270, 297–304, 306, 315–16, 321;

  Commonwealth network, 78–9, 83, 84, 85;

  agents provocateurs (trepanners/’decoy ducks’), 83, 292;

  Protectorate and, 88–9, 90, 91, 92–5, 96, 101, 102, 103–4, 107;

  code-breaking, 90;

  Gerard plot (1654) and, 92–5;

  scrutiny of regicides’ wives, 286, 297;

  interception of fugitives’ mail, 297, 300, 302, 303, 306;

  use of double-agents, 302, 315;

  see also Thurloe, John

  Evelyn, John, 83, 198, 199, 219–20, 240, 241

  Ewer, Isaac, 23, 26, 29

  Exparch, William, 81

  Fagge, John, 138

  Fairfax, Lady Alice, 41, 49–50, 72, 184, 228

  Fairfax, Thomas, 19, 21–2, 25, 28, 64, 90, 95, 114–15, 170–1;

  change to royalist side by, 3, 126, 135, 230;

  army remonstrance and, 24, 37;

  absentee from trial of king, 37, 41;

  receives Prince of Wales’ pleas for mercy, 59;

  resigns commission (1650), 84

  Fifth Monarchists, 30*, 99, 108, 111, 113, 161–2, 181, 221, 281;

  Venner’s uprising (January 1661), 249–50

  Finch, Heneage, 167, 172, 190, 191, 204, 247, 323;

  as prosecutor at regicide trial, 213, 219, 220–1, 223, 238

  Finch, Lord, 204–5

  Fitzjames, John, 92

  Fleetwood, Charles, 99, 105, 114, 116, 117, 133, 189, 193;

  Committee of Safety and, 122, 132–3;

  Monck and, 129, 130

  Fleetwood, George, 213*, 219, 239, 302

  Forbes, Sir Arthur, 145, 146

  Foster, Lord Chief Justice, 283–4

  Fox, George, 108

  Fox, Somerset, 93–4

  France, 16, 56, 128, 284–5, 286–7, 290, 298, 301;

  Charles II’s exile and, 9, 14, 70, 78, 263;

  overtures to Ludlow, 316–17;

  Charles II’s secret treaty with, 318, 320, 321

  Gadbury, John, 186

  Garland, Augustine, 38, 239, 246, 302

  Gauden, John, Bishop of Worcester, 68

  Geneva, 206, 288–91, 297

  Gerard, John, 91, 92, 93–4

  Gerard, Lord, 91, 92

  Germany, 74, 182, 266–7, 268, 269, 272, 274–5, 285, 286, 309, 311–12, 322

  Giffen (or Govan), William, 194, 254

  Gittins, Richard, 233

  Globe Theatre, Shakespeare’s, 268

  ‘Glorious Revolution’ (1688), 39, 324, 325

  Gloucester, Duke of, Henry (son of Charles I), 51, 55–6, 79, 166, 176, 177;

  attends Lords’ death list discussions, 203, 210;

  death of (September 1660), 247

  Godwin, William, 193

  Goffe, Frances, 286, 308

  Goffe, Dr Stephen, 63

  Goffe, William, 63, 111, 116, 207;

  Angel of Hadley and, 1–2, 318–19;

  escape to America, 1–2, 167–8, 182, 202–3, 244, 255–6;

  royalist hunt for in America, 255–61, 322–3;

  cave on Providence Hill, 258–9, 261, 306, 307, 319;

  hides in Milford cellar, 261, 306;

  revival of search for (1664), 306–10

  Goodwin, John, 192

  Gookin, Daniel, 168, 202, 309

  Govan, William, 194, 254

  great fire in London (1666), 313–14

  Grenville, Sir John, 95, 126, 128, 150–2, 162–3, 166

  Grey, Lord Thomas, 53, 200

  Griffith, Matthew, The Fear of God and the King, 156

  Grimston, Sir Harbottle, 171, 172, 181, 205–6, 248, 290

  Guernsey, 281, 284

  Guizot, François, 118, 135, 138, 139, 140–1, 158

  Gumble, Thomas, 127, 138

  Guthrie, James, 194, 254

  Gwyn, Nell, 317–18

  Hacker, Francis, 42, 47, 51, 52, 152, 159, 184, 241;

  execution of king and, 57, 59, 60, 61, 201, 231;

  placed on death list, 201, 203, 204, 205, 207;

  trial of, 210, 231, 239, 240

  Hadley (New England), 307–8, 309;

  Angel of (folk tale), 1–2, 318–19

  The Hague, 32, 56, 63–4, 71, 75–8, 166, 224, 264, 270, 312, 315

  Halsall, Sir Edward, 81

  Hamburg, 74–5, 285, 286

  Hamilton, Duke of, 83, 185, 204

  Hammond, Robert, 20, 25, 26

  Hampton Court palace, 19, 20, 92, 93, 102, 108

  Hanau (Prussian town), 268, 269, 271, 309, 322

  Harnett (or Arnett), William, 81–2

  Harrington, Sir James, 314

  Harrison, Thomas, 29, 48, 99, 116, 161–2, 181, 182, 207;

  calls Charles I ‘man of blood’, 20, 30, 221;

  meets C
harles I on road to Windsor, 30, 31, 222;

  boycotts Cromwell’s funeral, 111;

  trial of, 212, 216, 217–18, 220, 221–4;

  execution of, 235, 240, 249

  Harrison, Thomas (Governor of Massachusetts), 308

  Harvey, Edmund, 237, 238, 239

  Harvey, William, 12–13

  Haselrig, Sir Arthur, 111, 114, 115, 131, 132, 189, 203, 204, 245;

  in Rump Parliament (May-October 1659), 118, 119, 120, 122, 123–4;

  conflict with Lambert, 120, 122, 123;

  coup (October 1659) and, 122, 123–4;

  as leader in Rump (from December 1659), 136, 141;

  Monck and, 141, 142, 148, 154, 159, 205;

  saved by pact with Monck, 154, 205;

  death of (January 1661), 205, 249

  Hawthorne, Nathaniel, 319

  Heath, James, 253

  Henning, B.D., History of the House of Commons, 157

  Henrietta Maria, Queen, 20, 26, 56, 63, 78, 110, 137, 175, 199, 247

  Henry VIII, King, 66

  Henshaw, Thomas, 92, 94

  Herbert, Philip, Earl of Pembroke, 55, 198

  Herbert, Sir Thomas, 27, 30, 48, 54–5, 231–2;

  funeral and burial of Charles I and, 64, 65, 66

  Hertford, Marquis of, 12

  Heveningham, William, 213*, 216, 218, 237, 239–40

  Hewson, John, 131–2, 182, 207, 232, 233, 268–9, 270, 271;

  exile in Europe, 267, 269, 322

  High Court of Justice, 35–6, 37–43, 44–52;

  establishment of, 23*, 33, 222, 273;

  sittings in Painted Chamber, 36, 37, 48, 49;

  king’s refusal to recognise at trial, 46, 47, 48, 70;

  see also trial of Charles I

  Hobbes, Thomas, 70

  Holland see Netherlands

  Holland, Cornelius, 168–9, 181, 207, 289, 293*, 294, 322

  Holland, Earl of, 83, 185, 204

  Holles, Denzil, 213, 214, 290

  Holmby House (Northamptonshire), 19, 186–7, 196, 224, 267, 319, 320

  Holmes, Clive, 23*

  Hopkins, Sir William, 26

  Howard, Charles, 117

  Howard, Thomas, 263–4

  Howell, William, 164

  Hulet (or Hewlet), William, 188, 189, 207, 227, 230, 232–3, 234, 239

  Hummel, Johann Heinrich, 294

  Huncks, Hercules, 52, 59–60, 146, 229, 231, 234

  Hurst Castle (the Solent), 18, 25, 26–7, 29

  Hutchinson, John, 4, 38, 173–4, 323

  Hutchinson, Lucy, 4, 174, 196

  Hyde, Edward, Lord Clarendon: bribery and, 4, 191;

  Charles II’s sex life and, 4, 211, 282;

  history written by, 4;

  trial of Charles I and, 41;

  on prince’s reaction to father’s death, 63;

  exile with Prince of Wales, 75, 113;

  as emissary to Spanish court, 81, 82;

  links to murder of Ascham, 82;