The King's Revenge: Charles II and the Greatest Manhunt in British History

by Jordan, Don

  Sealed Knot and, 89–90, 95;

  Cromwell assassination plots and, 91;

  negotiations for Spanish fleet and, 107, 108;

  on John Bradshaw, 111;

  on situation after Cromwell’s death, 113;

  ‘masked royalists’ concept, 114;

  on army crisis (April 1659), 116;

  on Monck, 152–3;

  Goffe/Whalley escape and, 167;

  on welcome for returning king, 178–9;

  on bloodlust for vengeance, 189;

  opposes extreme vengeance proposals, 193, 204;

  ambiguity of deadline proclamation and, 195;

  daughter Anne marries Duke of York, 210–11, 247;

  as commissioner at trial of regicides, 213;

  Harry Marten and, 237;

  king’s presence at executions and, 240;

  Dutch authorities and, 243, 265;

  on Ludlow, 248;

  gushing praise of king, 248–9;

  hunt for regicides in Europe and, 264, 265, 270, 272, 277;

  on Sir Harry Vane, 292;

  Clarendon Code, 296

  Indemnity, Act of see Bill of General Pardon, Indemnity and Oblivion (May-August 1660)

  Ingoldsby, Richard, 52, 111, 116, 117, 172–3, 323;

  pursuit of Lambert, 158, 159–60, 172–3, 184

  Ireland, 43–4, 71, 188;

  Ludlow and, 8, 14, 120, 136–7, 146;

  Catholicism in, 71, 99, 104, 268, 305;

  Connaught mass migration programme, 99;

  Cromwellian police state, 99, 104, 268;

  coup in (December 1659), 132, 136–7, 146;

  first arrests of regicides, 145, 146–7;

  royalist control of (February 1660), 145–7;

  Irish assassins in pay of Charles II, 266, 298, 299–301, 305–6, 312;

  sack of Drogheda, 268;

  Dublin plot (1663), 297

  Ireton, Henry, 9, 19, 24, 48, 110, 241, 325, 326;

  hardening of attitude towards king, 21, 23, 25–6;

  Pride’s Purge (6 December 1648) and, 27, 28;

  posthumous attainder of, 174, 206–7;

  disinterment and dismemberment, 245, 251, 252

  Isle of Man, 203–4

  Isle of Wight, 18, 20, 25, 26, 99

  James, Duke of York (future king James II): at Edgehill, 11, 12–13;

  escape to Europe, 32;

  Ascham as tutor of, 79;

  royalist uprising (August 1659), 120–1;

  property of regicides and, 162, 174–5;

  Parliament gifts money to, 166;

  arrival in England (May 1660), 176, 177;

  Council of Foreign Plantations and, 202–3;

  attends Lords’ death list discussions, 203, 210;

  marriage to Anne Hyde, 210–11, 247;

  Venner’s uprising and, 250;

  Royal Africa Company and, 276;

  dispatches ships for Vane and Lambert, 281;

  great fire (1666) and, 313;

  becomes king (February 1685), 321;

  Catholicism of, 321;

  death of in exile (1701), 323

  James I, King, 31, 110, 244

  Jefferson, Thomas, 327

  Jersey, 14, 83–4, 323

  Johnston, Archibald, Lord Wariston, 122, 194, 284–5, 286–7

  Johnston, Robert, 285, 286, 308

  Jones, John, 181, 182, 207, 220, 226, 257

  Jones, Theophilus, 162

  Jones, Thomas, 257, 258, 259

  Jones, William, 168

  Joyce, George: seizure of Charles I from Holmby House (June 1647), 19, 186–7, 196, 224, 267, 313, 319, 320;

  as suspect in hunt for executioners, 186, 187;

  exile in Europe, 187, 266–7, 313, 319, 320;

  attempted capture of in Holland, 320–1, 322

  Joyce, William (Lord Haw-Haw), 214

  Julian calendar, 156*

  junta, military (Committee of Safety) (October-December 1659), 122, 123–4, 129–33, 136, 190, 191

  justice and legal system: independence of judiciary under Cromwell, 39;

  defendant’s right to silence, 40, 40*, 326–7;

  The Instrument of Government and, 89;

  courts of assize, 97*;

  weakening of rules of evidence for regicides’ trial, 172, 209, 215, 231;

  Okey/Barkstead/Corbet trial and, 278;

  legacy of regicides, 325, 326–7;

  rule of law, 325, 326;

  freedom of speech, 326;

  ‘cab rank’ rule for barristers, 327

  Juxon, Dr, Bishop of London, 51, 57, 58, 61, 65, 68

  Keeble, N.H., 112–13

  Kelland, Thomas, 256, 257–9

  Kelsey, Sean, 23*

  Kelsey, Thomas, 314

  Kelying, John, 4

  Kicke, Abraham, 272, 274, 275, 276–7, 278

  Killing No Murder pamphlet (1657), 105–7

  Kingdom’s Intelligencer, 176

  Kirk, Thomas, 256, 257–9

  Lacey, Andrew, 68

  Lambert, John: constitutional monarchy proposals, 19, 325;

  attempt to save Commonwealth, 87*, 157–60, 228, 269;

  The Instrument of Government (December 1653) and, 88, 326;

  victory at Selby (11 April 1644), 90;

  refusal to support Cromwell as king, 105;

  in final Protectorate Parliament, 114;

  army crisis (April 1659) and, 116, 117;

  conflict with Haselrig, 120, 122, 123;

  royalist uprising (August 1659) and, 120, 121–2, 127;

  Rump Parliament (May-October 1659) and, 120, 122, 123;

  Committee of Safety and, 122, 129, 133;

  leads army north to stop Monck, 129–30, 131, 134;

  Monck and, 129–30, 142, 158, 159, 160;

  disintegration of army of, 130, 134;

  army waits in Newcastle (November-December 1659), 130–1;

  removed from London by Rump, 143;

  imprisoned in Tower (March 1660), 149;

  escape from Tower, 157;

  widespread distrust of, 158–9;

  defeat at Daventry, 159–60, 161, 172–3, 183–4, 269;

  Prince of Wales and daughter of, 164–5;

  seizure of property of, 175;

  placed on partial exemption list, 189;

  placed on death list, 203, 204, 205;

  king remits execution of, 205, 281;

  Parliament’s desire for head of, 280–1;

  imprisonment on Guernsey, 281;

  trial of, 282–4;

  pardoned and returned to Guernsey, 284

  Laud, Archbishop, 76, 137

  Lausanne, 169, 291, 293–4, 302, 303

  Lawson, John, 140, 153

  Leete, William, 202, 258, 259, 260

  legal and justice system see justice and legal system

  Leiden (Holland), 77, 169

  Lennox, Duke of, 29

  Lenthall, Sir John, 171

  Lenthall, William, 129, 166, 189, 225–6

  Leslie, David, 85

  Levellers, 20, 39–40, 80, 88, 93, 100, 269

  Lilburne, John (‘Freeborn John’), 39–40, 80

  Lilburne, Robert, 218, 237, 238, 239

  Lilly, William, 186, 187, 319

  Lindsey, Earl of, 65, 213

  Lisle, Alice, 303, 305, 321–2

  Lisle, John, 38, 40, 98, 181, 182, 199, 207;

  murder of, 15, 303–5, 306;

  exile in Switzerland, 289, 291, 294, 302, 303–5

  Livesey, Sir Michael, 207, 322

  Locke, John, 24

  Loughborough, Lord, 90, 91

  Louis XIV, King of France, 287, 298, 301, 317, 318

  Love, Nicholas, 38, 52, 207, 289, 293*, 322

  Ludlow, Edmund: A Voyce from the Watchtower (memoirs), 4–5, 14–17, 296, 317;

  radical politics of, 5, 16, 21, 88, 326;

  exile at Lake Geneva, 7–8, 11, 14–17, 294–301, 302–3, 313, 322, 323–4;

  Ireland and, 8, 14, 120, 136–7, 14
6;

  military career, 8, 11, 13, 14, 21–2, 116, 120, 123, 136–7, 145–6;

  political career after civil wars, 8, 88, 114, 116, 118, 123, 136–7, 140, 145–6, 148, 156–7;

  political career during civil wars, 8, 14, 22, 25, 27;

  remains in England (April-August 1660), 9–10, 156–7, 158–9, 162, 170, 178, 181, 189, 194, 196, 205;

  escape to Europe, 10–11, 205–6, 255;

  exile in Geneva, 11, 206, 289–91;

  republicanism and, 14, 123, 136, 149, 153–5, 190, 296–7;

  Lisle’s death and, 15, 303, 305;

  Monck and, 15, 129, 140, 141, 142, 148, 178, 181;

  on Charles II, 16–17, 190;

  trial of Charles I and, 38;

  boycotts Cromwell’s funeral, 111;

  army coup (October 1659) and, 123, 136;

  treason charges laid by Irish enemies, 136–7, 142, 146;

  contemplates republican uprising (February-March 1660), 149, 153–5;

  contests April 1660 election, 156–7;

  distrust of Lambert, 158–9;

  Coote seizes property of, 162;

  escapes inclusion on death list, 181;

  deadline proclamation and, 196;

  on Lords’ death list discussions, 203;

  placed on death list, 207;

  on trial of the regicides, 214, 216, 217, 239;

  as Stuarts’ ‘bogey man’, 248, 285, 290, 292, 297, 311, 313;

  on Barkstead, 267–8;

  in Lausanne, 291, 293–4;

  on Sir Harry Vane, 291–2;

  Sidney’s invasion plans and, 296–7, 313, 314–15, 316, 317;

  Riordane raid and, 297–301;

  French overtures to, 316–17;

  brief return to England, 324;

  death of (1692), 324

  Ludlow, Elizabeth, 10, 15, 194, 205, 286, 289, 297, 324

  Mabbott, Gilbert, 41

  Magna Carta, 31, 46, 47, 326

  Man, William, 134

  Manchester, Earl of, 147, 164, 213, 214, 230, 290

  Mantegna, Andrea, The Triumphs of Caesar, 19

  Marshall, Alan, 286

  Marshalsea prison, 267, 270

  Marston Moor, Battle of (2 July 1644), 18, 295

  Marten, Harry, 38, 52, 73*, 196, 239, 274, 280, 323, 326;

  trial of, 218–19, 237–8, 239

  Marvell, Andrew, 192, 261

  Mary (sister of Charles II), 32, 63, 247, 263

  Masson, David, 118, 156, 170, 177, 192

  Mazarin, Cardinal, 128

  McIntosh, A.W., 52

  Mercurius Aulicus (Court Mercury), 71

  Mercurius Britannicus (parliamentary paper), 71

  Mercurius Politicus (republican news sheet), 93, 105, 290

  Mercurius Publicus (royalist paper), 175, 198, 207, 208, 252, 278

  Meyne, Simon, 237, 239

  Mildmay, Sir Henry, 38, 184, 280, 302

  Milford (New England), 261, 306, 307

  Millington, Gilbert, 38, 212–13, 218, 237, 238, 239

  Milton, John, 68–9, 82, 118, 169–70, 176, 192, 220, 264, 323;

  The Tenure of Kings and Magistrates, 69–70, 79;

  Eikonoklastes (The Iconbreaker), 79;

  The Ready and Easy Way to Establishing a Free Commonwealth, 149–50;

  Brief Notes upon a late sermon, 156;

  Eikon Basilike (‘The King’s Image’), 192;

  Pro Populo Anglicano Defensio (in defence of the people of England), 192

  Monck, George: background of, 5, 124;

  opinions on motives of, 5, 126, 129, 134, 135–6;

  Ludlow and, 15, 129, 140, 141, 142, 148, 178, 181;

  royalist cause and, 15, 126–8, 129, 133, 138–44, 147–8, 150–1, 165, 166;

  commands English army in Scotland, 100, 124–8, 129–31;

  Cromwell and, 124;

  royalist wife of, 124, 126–7, 141, 144;

  approaches from Prince of Wales (1658-9), 124–6;

  Booth uprising and, 125, 127–8;

  purges army of ‘oppositionists’, 129, 130–1, 135, 138, 140, 152, 201;

  Lambert and, 129–30, 142, 158, 159, 160;

  opposes junta after October 1659 coup, 129–31;

  preparations for invasion of England, 129–31;

  delaying tactics in Scotland, 130–1;

  Rump Parliament and, 131, 135, 136, 138–42, 143, 144, 147, 148;

  Scot and, 131, 138, 139, 141, 143, 148;

  invades England (January 1660), 133–6;

  election of ‘free’ Parliament and, 134, 142, 144, 148;

  oath abjuring the Stuarts and, 138, 139, 143;

  purges in London regiments, 138, 140, 152;

  march to London (January 1660), 138–40;

  dispersal of suspect regiments, 140, 159;

  arrival in London, 140–1;

  letter to Rump demanding elections (11 February 1660), 142;

  greeted as hero in London (11 February 1660), 142–3;

  secluded Members and, 143–4, 147;

  appointed Lord General, 147;

  protestations of loyalty to Commonwealth, 148, 153;

  republican proposal to offer crown to, 149;

  Milton’s letter to, 150;

  negotiations with Prince of Wales (March 1660), 150–2;

  pledges loyalty to Prince of Wales, 151;

  Okey as opponent of, 152–3, 269;

  bans political meetings in army, 153;

  subjugates army to Parliament, 153;

  saves Haselrig, 154, 205;

  regicide manhunt and, 162, 171;

  the Restoration and, 162–3, 165, 166;

  Charles II demands crackdown from, 167;

  Declaration of Breda endorsed by army, 168;

  death list and, 171, 200, 205;

  greets Charles II at Dover, 176;

  orders Cook’s return to England, 182;

  animosity towards Whitelocke, 190, 191;

  ‘gloating’ over surrendered fugitives, 196;

  roistering and ceremonial (June 1660), 197–8;

  as judge at trial of regicides, 209, 213, 214, 219, 230, 290;

  intercedes to save life of Fleetwood, 219;

  ‘White Plot’ and, 248;

  Venner’s uprising and, 250;

  intervenes against Argyll, 254;

  death of (1670), 323

  Monck, Nicholas, 126, 127, 150

  Monmouth rebellion (1685), 321–2

  Monson, Lord, 196, 280

  Montague, Edward, 149

  Montrose, Marquis of, 76, 78

  Mordaunt, John, 116, 135

  Morley, Herbert, 138, 153

  Morrice, Sir William, 150, 151, 192, 197, 260

  Murray, Alexander, 286–7

  Nalson, John, 41

  Napper, Thomas, 191

  Naseby, Battle of (14 June 1645), 18, 71, 74, 90, 114

  navy, 80, 95, 130, 132, 152, 153, 168, 176, 312–13

  Nedham, Marchamont, 40

  Netherlands: Prince of Wales as exile in, 2, 32, 56, 63, 66, 71, 75, 78, 152, 263;

  royalist exiles in, 66, 75–8, 100, 262, 263;

  assassination of Dorislaus in, 77–8, 80, 81, 263, 288;

  Spanish Netherlands, 78, 112, 152, 178, 182, 195;

  regicides’ escapes to, 168–9, 182, 187, 215, 243–4;

  Eighty Years’ War with Spain, 169, 265, 312*;

  as republican country, 243–4, 265, 312;

  royalist agents in, 243–4, 252, 265–6, 270, 315;

  Downing as royalist envoy to, 261, 264–72, 290;

  Downing as Commonwealth emissary to, 262–3;

  regicides’ exiles in, 265–7, 269, 270–1, 272, 274–8, 313, 315–16, 319–20, 322;

  Anglo-Dutch War (1665), 266, 312;

  Anglo-Dutch Treaty, 270, 275;

  failed abduction of Dendy in, 270–1;

  captures of regicides in, 274–8, 309, 313, 320;

  Anglo-Dutch tensions (1663–4), 302;

  English regiments
in Dutch army, 312;

  Sidney’s invasion plans and, 312–13, 314–16;

  attempted capture of Joyce in, 320–1, 322

  New Amsterdam, 256, 259, 306–7

  New Haven colony, 257–9, 261

  New Model Army: Fairfax as commander, 3, 21–2, 24, 25, 37, 59, 64, 230;

  Cromwell and, 8, 14, 21, 24–5, 84, 85–6, 105, 108, 113, 160, 269;

  in Ireland, 8, 120, 136;

  Pride’s Purge (military coup of 6 December 1648), 8, 27–9, 37, 72, 110, 134, 137, 212, 224;

  trial of Charles I and, 8, 35, 37, 38, 111, 146, 184, 230;

  capture of king at Newport (Isle of Wight), 18, 23–4, 26–7;

  seizure of Charles I at Holmby House, 19, 186–7, 196, 224, 267, 319, 320;

  attitude towards Charles I, 21–2, 23–6, 59;

  moves king to Windsor (December 1648), 23, 29–32, 33;

  petitions to Parliament (October-November 1648), 23, 24, 25–6;

  remonstrance (November 1648), 24, 37;

  military occupation of London, 26, 27;

  Lisle and, 40;

  as de facto power during republic, 80, 83;

  Lambert attempts to save Commonwealth, 87*, 157–60, 228, 269;

  military rule during Penruddock uprising, 97;

  Protectorate and, 99, 105, 108, 113–18;

  Leveller mutinies (1649), 100;

  Monck commands in Scotland, 100, 124–8, 129–31;

  republicanism and, 115–18, 119–20, 122, 123–4, 126, 152–5, 201;

  coup (April 1659), 116–18;

  recall of Rump Parliament (May 1659), 118;

  conflict with Rump (July-October 1659), 120, 122, 123–4;

  Committee of Safety (1659), 122, 123, 129–30, 137, 190, 191;

  coup (October 1659), 122, 123–4, 129;

  Monck’s purges of ‘oppositionists’, 129, 130–1, 135, 138, 140, 152, 201;

  Lambert leads army north, 129–30, 131, 134;

  London’s antagonism towards, 132, 140, 268–9;

  Monck invades England (January 1660), 133–6;

  garrisons declare for Parliament (January 1660), 134;

  Monck’s purges in London regiments, 138, 140, 152;

  Monck’s dispersal of suspect regiments, 140, 159;

  Rump and London regiments, 140–2;

  continued hatred of Stuarts within, 152;

  Militia Bill (March 1660) and, 152;

  Okey as opponent of Monck, 152–3, 269;

  Monck bans political meetings, 153;

  Monck subjugates to Parliament, 153;

  end of (April 1660), 160;

  trial of the regicides and, 228–32

  Newburgh, Lord and Lady, 30–1, 222

  Newcastle, Earl of, 11–12, 147, 164, 306

  Newgate Prison, 216, 233–4, 236, 239, 250

  Newport treaty (December 1648), 22–3, 24, 25, 27–9, 49, 147, 164, 165, 230

  Nicholas, Richard, 307, 308

  Nicholas, Sir Edward, 75, 112, 128, 137, 252, 309