The King's Revenge: Charles II and the Greatest Manhunt in British History

by Jordan, Don

  Noble, Mark, 162

  Northampton, Earl of, 172–3

  Norton, James, 251

  Nutley, James, 221–2

  Oates, Titus, 285–6

  Oblivion, Act of see Bill of General Pardon, Indemnity and Oblivion (May-August 1660)

  Okey, John, 114, 115, 160, 207, 269;

  as opponent of Monck, 152–3, 269;

  exile in Europe, 177, 215, 267, 269;

  as mentor of Downing, 262, 269–70;

  capture of in Holland, 274–8, 309, 320;

  execution and funeral of, 278, 279

  Old Bailey Sessions House, 216

  O’Neill, Father, 243–4, 265

  O’Neill, Daniel, 95, 96

  Orléans, Duchess of (Henrietta, sister of Charles II), 276, 293, 298, 306

  Ormond, James Butler, Marquis of, 91, 120, 128, 135

  Owen, John, 115, 149

  Oxford as royalist capital, 187

  Palmer, Sir Geoffrey, 172

  Pamphili, Prince, 295

  Parker, Henry, 74, 75

  Parliament: Pride’s Purge (ejection of royalists, 6 December 1648), 8, 27–9, 37, 72, 110, 134, 137, 212, 224;

  lists of regicides and, 10, 167, 171, 174, 180–2, 188–9, 191–3, 197, 200–1, 203–7, 210, 211;

  factions ready to settle with Charles I, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24–5, 27, 45;

  Presbyterian faction during civil war, 19;

  Newport treaty (December 1648), 22–3, 24, 25, 27–9, 49, 147, 164, 165, 230;

  ignoring of army petitions (October/November 1648), 23, 24, 25–6;

  ‘The Humble Petition and Advice’ (1657), 104–5, 158, 262, 264;

  Cromwell dissolves Commons (February 1658), 108;

  Cromwell’s unelected upper house, 108;

  final Protectorate Parliament, 114–18;

  army coup (April 1659), 116–18;

  secluded Members (expelled in Pride’s Purge), 134, 137–8, 143–4, 145, 147, 148;

  Long Parliament (February-March 1660), 143–4;

  annulling of Acts passed since 1649 (February-March 1660), 147–8;

  Presbyterian grandees in 1660 and, 147–8, 164;

  Militia Bill (March 1660), 152;

  Monck subjugates army to, 153;

  election (April 1660), 156–7;

  Convention Parliament, 161, 161*, 170–2, 173, 245, 247, 248;

  proclaims Britain a monarchy (April 1660), 161;

  Declaration of Breda (1 May 1660) and, 162–4;

  the Restoration and, 162–4, 165, 166;

  regicide manhunt and, 167, 170–2, 180–2;

  gushing adulation of king, 178–9, 248–9;

  welcomes returning king, 178–9;

  men other than judges in partially excepted category, 182, 188–9, 193;

  avenging of executed aristocrats, 199–200, 203–5;

  Charles II’s speech to Lords (27 July 1660), 201–2, 203;

  Grand Remonstrance (1641), 225;

  Prynne and Titus press for further executions, 246;

  Cavalier Parliament, 273–4, 279, 280–1;

  Bills authorising more executions dropped, 279;

  desire to execute Lambert and Vane, 280–1;

  see also Bill of General Pardon, Indemnity and Oblivion (May-August 1660);

  Rump Parliaments

  Parliamentary Intelligencer, 175

  Peacey, Jason, 73

  Pembroke, Philip Herbert, Earl of, 55, 198

  Pennington, Isaac, 218, 237, 238, 239

  Penruddock, Arundel, 98, 199, 203

  Penruddock, John, 97–8, 99, 115, 199, 203, 322

  Pepys, Samuel: on George Downing, 4, 261, 266;

  on Sir William Compton, 90;

  on Monck’s real purpose, 135;

  on February-April 1660 period, 140, 142–3, 148, 149, 152, 153, 160;

  accompanies Stuarts back to England, 166;

  on trial of the regicides, 219;

  opposes posthumous dismemberment, 246;

  on Venner’s uprising (January 1661), 249–50;

  on Hewson’s death, 271;

  on punitive humiliation of judges at Tyburn, 280;

  on Vane’s death, 284, 293;

  lack of access to king, 321

  Peters (or Peter), Hugh, 80, 115, 139, 149, 189, 207–8;

  as suspect in hunt for executioners, 186, 187–8;

  trial of, 209, 213;

  execution of, 235, 236–7, 240

  Phayre, Robert, 52, 59–60, 146, 231–2

  Phelps, John, 36, 39, 41, 222, 228, 313, 315–16;

  exile in Switzerland, 289, 290, 293–4

  Philip IV, King of Spain, 80, 81, 82

  plague, bubonic (1665), 313

  Portsmouth, seizure of, 132, 136

  Portugal, 78, 80

  Potter, Vincent, 237, 239, 322

  Presbyterianism, 19, 22–3, 104, 114, 115, 126, 132–3;

  Prince of Wales and, 84, 253–4;

  grandees in Parliament (1660), 147–8, 164;

  established as state religion, 148;

  Solemn League and Covenant, 148, 176, 250, 253–4

  press freedom, 113, 119

  Preston, Battle of (17 August 1648), 21

  Price, John, 125, 126–7, 130

  Pride, Thomas, 27, 28–9, 38, 110, 215, 245, 251;

  Pride’s Purge (6 December 1648), 8, 27–9, 37, 72, 110, 134, 137, 212, 224;

  posthumous attainder of, 174, 206–7

  Prideaux, Edward, 94

  Progers, Henry, 82

  Progers, Valentine, 82

  propaganda, 71–3, 74, 79, 149;

  royalist, 63, 67–8, 71, 72–3, 79, 105–7, 137–8, 150, 253, 290, 292, 297;

  satirical attacks on Cromwell, 72–3, 105–7;

  regicide executions and, 243, 279–80, 284

  Protectorate: introduction of (16 December 1653), 87–9;

  The Instrument of Government (national constitution, December 1653), 88–9, 114, 193, 326;

  Council of State (Cabinet), 89, 98, 108;

  religious toleration and, 89, 113;

  royalist plots against, 89–90, 91–8, 99–104, 107, 108, 115, 322;

  New Model Army and, 95, 105, 108, 113–18;

  police state introduced (1655), 99;

  war against Spain, 107, 119;

  early 1658 as chaotic, 107–8;

  clamp-down on royalists (1658), 108;

  death of Cromwell, 109–12, 113;

  public opinion and, 112–13;

  final Parliament, 114–18;

  Richard Cromwell resigns as Protector (1659), 117–18;

  demands for retrospective retribution against, 199–200, 203–5

  Prynne, William, 137–8, 144, 150, 171–2, 246, 323;

  search for executioners and, 184, 185, 186, 187–8;

  animosity towards Whitelocke, 190–1, 193;

  zeal during list making process, 193, 245

  Public Records Office, 3–4

  Puritanism, 5, 68, 99, 111, 137, 149, 164, 187, 213, 268, 328;

  in America, 2, 168, 202, 256, 257, 261, 307, 308, 323;

  Ludlow and, 16, 120;

  Sir Harry Vane and, 22, 99;

  Milton and, 79;

  in Ireland, 99, 104*, 120;

  in New Model Army, 119–20, 126;

  Stuart legislation targets, 250, 296;

  Okey and, 262, 269, 279

  Pym, John, 273

  Quakers, 113, 250

  Ranters, 113, 269

  Rawson, Sir William, 260

  records/sources/documents, 3–5, 36, 247*

  the Reformation, 31, 35, 288, 326

  the regicides: legislation and death lists see Bill of General Pardon, Indemnity and Oblivion (May-August 1660);

  escapes to America by, 1–2, 167–8, 182, 202–3, 244, 255–6;

  royalist hunt for in America, 1–2, 244, 255–61, 306–10, 322–3;

  Prince of Wales vows vengeance, 2, 73;

  switches to royalist side by, 3, 5, 158, 172–3, 1
74;

  legacy of, 5, 39, 325–8;

  escapes to/exiles in Switzerland by, 7–8, 10–11, 14–17, 169, 182, 205–6, 288–92, 293–301, 302–5, 313, 324;

  varied nature/backgrounds of, 8, 326;

  unidentified executioners, 58, 61–3, 181, 182, 184–8, 207, 210, 227, 229–30, 232–4;

  revenge fever against in northern Europe (1649-50), 73–8, 80–3;

  assassinations of (1649-50), 77–8, 80, 81–3, 263, 288;

  Charles’ readiness to treat with (1659), 121;

  first arrests of in Ireland, 145, 146–7;

  proposal to offer crown to Monck, 149;

  first arrests of in England, 161–2;

  property of conferred on royal family, 162, 174–6, 180, 190, 245;

  manhunt for initiated (May 1660), 166–7, 170–2, 180–2;

  escapes to Holland by, 168–9, 182, 187, 215, 243–4;

  fugitives’ financial pressures, 169, 266, 272, 289, 294;

  Ingoldsby’s ‘whining recantation’, 172–3;

  Tomlinson and Hutchinson escape death list, 173–4;

  posthumous attainders of, 174, 206–7, 245;

  escapes to Spanish Netherlands, 177–8, 182, 195;

  escapes to/exiles in France by, 182, 252, 284–5;

  escapes to/exiles in Germany by, 182, 266–7, 268, 269, 272, 274–5, 285, 286, 309, 311–12, 322;

  public animosity against, 182–3;

  May 1660 arrests, 183–4;

  king’s personal arrival adds to bloodlust, 189;

  Charles II’s motives over, 190;

  ambiguity of king’s deadline proclamation, 195–6;

  surrender of under deadline proclamation, 195–6, 207, 224, 226, 237, 239, 246, 274;

  Geneva as base for, 206, 288–91;

  executions of, 235–7, 240–1, 243, 248, 249, 278, 290, 322;

  suspended death penalty group, 240, 273–4, 279;

  attention turns to those abroad, 242, 243–4, 255–6;

  publishing of last speeches of, 242, 279–80, 284;

  executions as ‘propaganda bonuses’, 243, 279–80, 284;

  royalist hunt for in Europe, 243–4, 255, 261, 264–72, 274–8, 284–7, 288, 290, 297–306, 309, 311–12, 320–1, 322;

  posthumous dismemberments of, 244, 245–6, 250–2;

  Prynne and Titus press for further executions of, 246;

  exiles in Holland, 265–7, 269, 270–1, 272, 274–8, 313, 315–16, 319–20, 322;

  Cavalier Parliament presses for further executions, 273–4, 279;

  nineteen brought before Cavalier Parliament, 273–4;

  dispersal of imprisoned men, 279, 302;

  Prayers and Speeches of the Regicides, 279–80;

  punitive humiliation of judges at Tyburn, 280;

  group in Lausanne, 293–4;

  death plots against Vevey group, 298–301, 302–3

  religion: Charles I’s intolerance, 8, 22, 35;

  Roundhead army leaders and, 21, 23;

  divine right of kings, 22, 24, 29, 30, 32, 44, 60, 69, 220, 326;

  role of bishops, 22, 76*, 297, 326;

  Newport treaty (December 1648) and, 22–3;

  Fifth Monarchists, 30*, 99, 108, 111, 113, 161–2, 181, 221, 249–50, 281;

  the Reformation, 31, 35, 288, 326;

  Toleration Act (1650), 39;

  Book of Common Prayer, 66, 250;

  Anglican Church, 68, 69, 84, 156, 212, 250, 297;

  Covenanters, 76*, 84, 148, 176, 193–4, 250, 253–4, 284–5;

  Episcopalian, 79, 119;

  The Instrument of Government and, 89;

  toleration under Protectorate, 89, 113;

  ‘The Humble Petition and Advice’ (1657), 104, 105;

  Quakers, 113, 250;

  Ranters, 113, 269;

  toleration under Rump (May-October 1659), 119;

  Anabaptists, 130;

  Declaration of Breda promises freedom of, 163, 250, 292–3;

  churches for British subjects in Holland, 169;

  baptism, 212, 250, 296;

  Stuart clampdown, 212, 250, 292–3, 296;

  Calvinism, 257, 285, 288–9, 297;

  Clarendon Code, 296;

  see also Catholicism;

  Presbyterianism;

  Puritanism

  republican England, 2, 9, 14, 15;

  see also Commonwealth;

  Protectorate

  republicanism: in America, 2, 202–3, 244, 256, 257–60, 327;

  ‘the Good Old Cause’ term, 9, 87*, 115, 149, 168, 276, 290;

  Ludlow and, 14, 123, 136, 149, 153–5, 190, 296–7;

  religious toleration and, 14, 22, 39, 113, 119, 325, 326;

  Cromwell’s ‘betrayal’ and, 15, 87–8, 99, 111;

  king’s opponents move towards, 21;

  Milton and, 68–70, 149–50, 176, 192;

  opposition to Cromwell, 87–8, 99, 108, 111, 114, 139, 295;

  Algernon Sidney and, 87*, 295–7, 317, 321, 327;

  Lambert attempts to save Commonwealth, 87*, 157–60, 228, 269;

  Sidney’s works on, 87*, 317, 321, 327;

  final Protectorate Parliament and, 114, 115;

  New Model Army and, 115–18, 119–20, 122, 123–4, 126, 152–5, 201;

  in Rump (May-October 1659), 118–20;

  royalist uprising (August 1659) and, 120–2;

  coup (October 1659) and, 123–4;

  secret commission to Monck, 131;

  public animosity against, 134–5;

  in Rump (from December 1659), 136;

  delegation to confront Monck, 148;

  contemplation of uprising (February-March 1660), 149, 152, 153–5;

  proposal to offer crown to Monck, 149;

  desperate attempts to reverse royalist tide, 149–50;

  despair/giving up of hope, 154–5;

  symbols destroyed during Restoration, 156, 176;

  April 1660 election and, 156–7;

  end of republican era (April 1660), 160, 161;

  Prynne’s extreme proposals against, 193;

  in Holland, 243–4, 265, 312;

  Downing and, 261–3, 269–70

  the Restoration (1660), 2, 9;

  coronation (23 April 1661), 3, 252–3;

  Presbyterian grandees press for limits on royal power, 147, 164;

  growth of royalism in London, 148–9;

  preparations and planning, 150–3;

  open royalist support in London, 155–6;

  destruction of republican symbols, 156, 176;

  process of (May 1660), 162–3;

  Declaration of Breda, 162–4, 168, 190, 250, 292–3;

  public celebrations of, 164, 179;

  restitution of royal statues and coat of arms, 164, 168, 170;

  as unconditional, 165–6;

  Charles’ arrival in England (May 1660), 166, 176, 177, 178–9;

  roistering and ceremonial (June 1660), 197–8

  Richardson, Edward, 297, 314

  Richmond, Duke of, 26, 65

  Riordane, John (or Germaine), 297–300, 305, 306

  Robertson, Geoffrey, 146

  Robinson, Sir John, 216

  Robinson, Luke, 138–9, 143

  Robinson, Sir John, 281

  Rochester, Henry Wilmot, Earl of, 96–7, 98, 99

  Rowe, Owen, 218, 237, 238, 239, 323

  Rolle, Lord, 199

  Rome, 295

  Royal Africa Company, 276

  Royal Society, 5

  Rugge, Thomas, 150

  Rump Parliament (December 1648-April 1653), 8, 29, 32, 33, 70, 73, 100;

  appointment of judges to try king, 8, 35;

  satirical attacks on, 72;

  Cromwell abolishes, 87;

  ruled illegal at trial of regicides, 223, 238

  Rump Parliament (December 1659-February 1660), 133–4, 135, 136, 138–42, 143, 144;

  Monck and, 131, 135, 136, 138–42, 143, 144, 147, 148;

  unpopularity in London, 138, 140, 142–3,
150;

  Council of Officers declares against, 147;

  declaration of fidelity abolished (1660), 148

  Rump Parliament (May-October 1659), 118–22, 127, 131, 132, 282–3;

  army coup (October 1659), 122, 123–4, 129

  Rupert, Prince, 80, 91–2, 114

  Russell, John (minister in Hadley), 2, 307–8, 309, 318

  Russell, John (Sealed Knot founder), 90

  Russell, William, 90

  Salisbury, raid on (12 March 1655), 97

  Say, William, 40, 181, 182, 207, 295–6, 311;

  exile in Switzerland, 289, 293*, 294;

  Sidney’s invasion plans and, 312, 313, 315

  Saye and Sele, Viscount, 213, 214

  Scilly Isles, 14, 85, 95, 281

  Scot, Thomas, 78–9, 83, 84, 85, 89, 114, 207, 290;

  final speech in Parliament, 3, 155, 195, 197;

  in Rump Parliament (May-October 1659), 118, 123;

  Monck and, 131, 138, 139, 141, 143, 148;

  as leader in Rump (from December 1659), 136, 139;

  as Council of State emissary to Monck, 138, 139;

  contests April 1660 election, 156, 157;

  escape to Europe, 177–8, 195;

  placed on death list, 181, 197;

  return to England, 195, 197, 226;

  trial of, 220, 225–6

  Scot, William, 182, 314, 315–16

  Scotland: Charles I and, 18–19, 20, 21, 23;

  invasion of England (July 1648), 21;

  Prince of Wales and, 71, 78, 84–5, 193–4, 253–4;

  royalist exiles from, 76;

  Montrose campaign (1651), 78;

  English invasion of (1650), 84;

  Prince of Wales crowned king (Scone, January 1651), 85, 193–4, 253–4;

  invasion of England (1651), 85–6;

  Monck commands English army in, 124–8, 129–31;

  Covenanters on regicide lists, 193–4, 253–4, 284–5;

  trial and execution of Argyll, 254

  Scott, James, Duke of Monmouth, 321–2

  Scott, Walter, Peveril of the Peak, 319

  Scroop, Adrian, 196, 203, 207, 212, 220, 224–5, 245

  Sealed Knot society, 89–91, 93, 94–5, 108

  Sedan, 252

  Sedgemoor, Battle of (6 July 1685), 321

  Selby, Battle of (11 April 1644), 90

  Selway, Major, 193

  Sexby, Edward, 100–1, 103, 106, 107

  Seymour, Jane, 66

  Ship Tavern plotters, 91–2

  Sidney, Algernon, 87*, 295–7, 311, 314, 317;

  invasion plans, 311–13, 314–16, 317;

  works on republican theory, 317, 321, 327;

  return to England and execution of, 321

  Sidney, Robert, 32

  Simpson, Holland, 228

  Sindercombe, Miles, 100–4, 245

  Skinner, Thomas, 139

  Smith, Abraham, 234