The Boer War
Page 106
Beit, Otto, 575
Belfast (Bergendal), Transvaal: Buller defeats Botha at (27 Aug. 1900), 455–6
Belgrave, Lord (‘Bendor’: later and Duke of Westminster), ADC to Milner, 60
Bell, Moberly, manager of Times, 109, 224
Belmont, Cape Colony, 180; minor but expensive victory of Methuen at (23 Nov. 1899), 188, 189, 192, 193
Benson, Maj. G. E., staff officer, at Magersfontein, 203, 204; Lt-Col, CO mobile column, 536
Bethel Commando, 529
Bethlehem, Orange Free State: Hunter at, 438, 439, 441; in De Wet’s base area, 542 Bethlehem Commando, 542
‘Bethune’s Buccaneers’ (Lt-Col E. C. Bethune’s MI), 210
Beyers, Gen. Christiaan, 477, 478, 479, 480
Biggarsberg, 97, 98, 145; Botha’s men dig in along line of, 369, 379; force of Boers outflanked by Buller on (10-15 May 1900), 453
Bigge, Sir Arthur, secretary to Queen Victoria, 212, 214, 245
Bird, Maj. S. G., of Dublin Fusiliers, 130; acting CO, at Ladysmith, 148
Birdwood, Maj. W. R. (later Field-Marshal Lord), on Dundonald’s staff, 366, 574
Black Watch, 202, 203, 204, 206, 337, 438, 442
‘Black Week’ (Stormberg, Magersfontein, Colenso), 246–9
Blijdschap, Boer council at (28 Nov. 1900), 542
blockhouse and barbed wire policy, 499, 536–7, 538, 541, 546–7; termed ‘blockhead system’
by De Wet, 545, 546
Bloemfontein, capital of Orange Free State: meeting of Kruger and Milner at (31 May to 5 June 1899), 61–70; British advance on, 311, and surrender of (13 Mar. 1900), 371–2; concentration camp at, 506, 507, 516; clearing of ‘protected area’ round, 536
Bloemfontein Convention (1854), 17, 40
Blomfield, Col, CO Lancashire Fusiliers, 293, 294
Blood River, Boer victory over Zulus at (1838), 17, 36–7
Blood River Poort, Transvaal: Gough’s mounted infantry defeated by Botha at (17 Sept. 1901), 529–31
Blunt, Wilfred, on relief of Mafeking, 416 Boer War, First (1881), xxi, 39
Boers (trekboers), xxi
Boomplaatz, defeat of Boers at (1848), 17, 105
Border Regiment, 95, 225, 228, 233
Borrius, Field-Cornet Jack, 524
Boschbult, De la Rey mauls British force at (13 Mar. 1902), 557
Bosman’s Drift, Riet River, 193
Botha, Christiaan, brother of Louis, 453
Botha, Commandant Hermanus, 542
Botha, General Louis: with Joubert, 168, 171, 172; in command of army; fortifies line of Tugela, 174; at Colenso, 207, 216, 219–23, 227; and proposed offensive after Colenso, 257, 260; force under, leaves Ladysmith, 265; at Spion Kop, 288, 289, 290–1, 301–2, 306; defensive strategy of, 345; digs in along Biggarsberg, 369, 379; force of, in retreat, marches like victors, 421; leaves the Rand with stores, guns, and gold, 428, 432; despairs, 430; gathers new army, 431 (the last real army in the field) 449; puts out peace feelers to obtain delay, 433; asks De Wet to interrupt British communications, 435; at Cypherfontein council, 471–4; and Middelburg peace talks, 488–9, 491, 499; in guerrilla warfare, 520, 531, 537, 541; tries to enter Natal, 528–32; at Pretoria peace negotiations, as delegate for Transvaal, 551, 561, 562, 568, 569; as imperial statesman, 576
Botha, Philip, 332, 390
Bothaville, Orange Free State: De Wet and Steyn caught napping at (6 Nov. 1900), 474–6
Boulden, Drummer, E., of Devons, 137
Bowen, Cole, recommended as inspector of concentration camps, 516
Bowen, Maj. R., of 60th Rifles, 261, 274
Bower, Sir Graham, Imperial Secretary, Cape Colony, and Jameson Raid, 29, 30
Bowers, Pte A.: on burning Boer farms, 438; survivor of Tweefontein, 543–4
Bowles, Lt-Col, CO Yorkshire Light Infantry, 336
Brabant’s Horse (Maj.-Gen. E. Brabant’s MI), 395
Brabazon, Maj.-Gen., cavalry commander, 318
Brackenbury, Sir Henry, Director-General of Ordnance, 251, 466
Bradley, Lee-Cpl, of South Lancashires, 279–80
Brand, G. A., Boer General, 567
Brandfort, Orange Free State: concentration camp at, 516
Brandwater Basin, Orange Free State, 438; Boer force surrounded in (July 1900), 441–4, but De Wet and Steyn escape, 443
Bridle Drift, Tugela River, 225, 227, 229, 231
Brigades
Guards: 176, 188–9, 196, 203, 205, 313, 372, 229, 233, 256
and, English: (Hildyard) 213, 217, 231, 234, 284, 348
4th: (Lyttelton) 213, 217, 232, 232, (Norcott) 363
5th, Irish: (Hart) 213, 217, 219, 225, 228, 233, 284, 296, 356, 358, 362, 370
6th, Fusilier: (Barton) 213, 217, 232, 232, 336, 328, 361, 362
9th, Highland: (Wauchope) 176, 189, 196, 197, 201, 202, 203, 204, 205, 206, (MacDonald) 313, 334, 336, 337, 375, 222, 228, 235, 239, 242
l0th: {Coke) 296, 298
11th, Lancashire: (Woodgate) 285–6, (Wynne) 350, 356, (W. Kitchener) 348, 362
12th: (Clements) 439, 441, 442
13th: (Knox) 336
18th: (Stephenson) 334, 229
19th: (Smith-Dorrien) 313, 334, 337, 338, 423 20th: (Paget) 439, 441, 222
21st: (Bruce Hamilton) 223, 439, 222
Broadwood, Maj.-Gen. R. G., CO cavalry brigade, 423, 424, 497; at Sannah’s Post, 390–2; with mobile columns, 439, 450, 476–7, 513
Brocklehurst, Col J. F., CO cavalry in Ladysmith, 269, 271
Brodrick, St John: Under-Secretary for War, 14, 32; Secretary for War (from 1900), 468, 501; and Kitchener, 492, 495, 496, 500, 514; and concentration camps, 494, 503, 505–6, 508, 509, 517
Bromley Davenport, Capt., MP, of Imperial Yeomanry, 441, 444
Buchan, John, of Milner’s ‘Kindergarten’, 553
Buchanan, Capt., of Gordon, 133
Buckle, George, editor of Times, 32, 88
Buffelshoek, Transvaal: Smuts and De la Rey ambush convoy at (2 Dec. 1900), 476–7
Buller, General Sir Redvers: CO 1st Army Corps, Aldershot, 74, 76, 77–8; proposals for Army Corps to be sent to South Africa under, 71, 76, 96, 97; urges despatch of troops, 93; advises no movement north of Tugela River, 97, 98, 107, 112, 113, 149, 151, 212; decision made to send Army Corps under, 103, 110–11; leaves for South Africa, 113–14, 156–7; at Cape, sees Milner, 157–8, agrees policies, 161–3, and decides to divide Army Corps, 160, 164, 213; leaves for Natal, 164–5, 166; and Methuen, 177, 178, 180, 204; and Kekewich in Kimberley, 185; and question of place for crossing Tugela, 208, 211–12; decides on Colenso, 214–17; troops and, 209–10, 236, 280, 344, 368; commanding officers and staff under, 212–14; in preparations for battle, 217, 218; at battle of Colenso, 228–30, (calls off action) 231–2, (at attempt to rescue guns) 233–5; after Colenso, 238–41; his telegrams to White, 238–9, 369, 574, and to Lansdowne, 244; superseded and relegated to Natal, 241; asks for mounted infantry, 252; White’s messages to, about attack on Wagon Hill, 277, 278, 281; whispering campaign against, 280, 306, 344, 369–70; plans two-pronged approach to Ladysmith, 279, 281–4; watches Spion Kop, 297; after Spion Kop, 306, 307; suffers reverse at Vaal Krantz, 307, 314, 320, 344; Lansdowne gives Roberts permission to dismiss, 320; starved of troops by Roberts? 317–18, 344, 345; his new strategy for out-manoeuvring
Botha, xvii, 345–50, 356, 359, 361; succeeds, 363; in Ladysmith, 367–8, 368–9; asks permission to advance, 369, but is ordered to remain on defensive, 379, 253; predicts guerrilla warfare, 378; moves to join Roberts, 422, 451–2, outflanking Boers, 453–4; opposes farm burning, 452-3; meets Roberts for first time in Pretoria, 454; at battle of Belfast, 455–6; returns to England, 456, and is dismissed from the army, 457; assessments of, xvii, 457–8; Press campaign against, 535
Bullock, Lt-Col G. M., CO Devonshire Regiment, 234, 237
Bulwana Hill, near Ladysmith, 352, 364–5; Long Tom on, 266, 268
Burdett-Coutts, W., MP, on hospitals in Bloemfontein, 382
Burger, Scha
lk: acting Commandant-General outside Ladysmith, 221, 302, 303, 306; at Spion Kop, 288, 300, 301; acting President of Transvaal, in peace negotiations, 489, 550, 567, 568, 569; signs terms of surrender, 569
Burgher Peace Committee, 488
Burleigh, Bennet, Daily Telegraph correspondent, 136, 283
Burn-Murdoch, Lt-Col J. F., cavalry commander, 213, 217, 226
Burnham, Maj. F., American scout in dynamite party, 430
Bushman’s Kop, near Sannah’s Post, 391, 392
Bush Veldt Carbineers, Australian anti-commando unit, 538
Butler, Lt-Gen. Sir William, C-in-C South Africa, and acting Governor, Cape Colony, 35; conciliatory speech by, 44, 46; and Uitlanders’ petition, 52, 56; Milner wants dismissal of, for sympathy with Boers, 68, 71, 79; and defence of South Africa, 74, 76, 162; sent home, 84, 333; Life of Colley by, 98
Byng, Maj. J. H. G. (later Field-Marshal Lord), raises mounted corps, 165; Lt-Col, CO South African Light Horse, 347, 497, 545, 574
cadet corps in Mafeking, forerunner of Boy Scouts, 403
Caesar’s Camp, ridge with Wagon Hill (Platrand), near Ladysmith, 270; attacked by Boers (6 Jan. 1900), 272, 273–4, 277
Callwell, Maj., of Royal Garrison Artillery, 347
Cambridge, Duke of, 110
Cameronians, see Scottish Rifles
Campbell, Maj., of 60th Rifles, 274
Campbell-Bannerman, Sir Henry, Liberal leader, 81, sin; and ‘Black Week’, 248; and election, 464, 465, 468; and concentration camps, 503–4, 509, 518; outcry over Chinese labour in South Africa helps election victory of (1906), 575; introduces self-government for Transvaal and Orange River Colony, 577
Canadian contingent in South Africa, 249, 416, 469, 557; Canadian Scouts, 538; Royal Canadians, 331, 339
Cape Colony, xxii, 15; self-government for, 17, 22; Milner’s fears about Afrikaner rising in, see under Milner; local rebellion in (Prieska), 379, 388, 486; Boer incursions into, 158–9; Boer policy of invading, 473, 485, 486; martial law and loyalist militia for, 486; troops needed to garrison, 496; Boer raid into, 514, 519–25; no-colour-bar tradition of, cast away as result of Boer War, 576
Cape Coloureds: in Transvaal, 44, 48, 50, 55, 119; as drivers of mountain battery, 108; armed as scouts and police on blockhouse lines, 547
Cape Mounted Rifles, 527
Cape Police, at Kimberley, 184
Cape Town, disembarkment of troops at, 163
Carleton, Lt-Col F. R. C., CO Dublin Fusiliers, 130, 153, 155
Carnarvon, Lord, Secretary for the Colonies (1874-8), 15
Carolina, Transvaal, 454
Carolina Commando, 290, 292, 293, 300, 302
Carter’s Ridge, Kimberley: sorties against Boer guns on, 187
Casement, Roger, Foreign Office official, 38
casualties, in Boer War, xv, 572–3; public and, 247–8
cavalry: traditional ‘arme blanche’, 134, 139–40, 374; division of, sent to South Africa, 163, 164, 165; Dundonald’s brigade of irregular, see Dundonald; Möller’s, at Talana, see Möller; four regiments of in Ladysmith, 212, 271, 352–3; at Colenso, 217; under French, lead army into Orange Free State, 312; make sweep to relieve Kimberley, 314, 320, with loss of many horses, 327–8; Broadwood’s brigade of, see Broadwood; French’s 4th brigade of 451
Cazalet, Inspector, with Jameson, 5
Cecil, Maj. Lord Edward, special service officer, 90; in Mafeking, 118, 403, 406
Cecil, Lady Edward (Violet), later Viscountess Milner: and Milner, 90, 116–17, 156, 166, 483, 484, 490, 500, 578; at Bloemfontein, 371, 376
‘Cécile’, Milner’s mistress, 33–4, 59
Chamberlain, Arthur, 466, 467
Chamberlain, Austen, 32, 467
Chamberlain, Joseph, Secretary for the Colonies (1895-1903), 25–7; and Jameson Raid, 3, 27–31; and Milner, 13, 14, 23–4, 118, 1456, 502; Milner puts case to, for ‘working up to a crisis’, 31–2, 54; and Kruger’s offers on Uitlander franchise, 55, 56, 57, 68, 80–1, 82–3, 84; Milner’s despatches to, 58–9, 62, 79; gets Cabinet to agree to intervention on side of Uitlanders, 60, 63–4; gap between Milner and, on policy, 78–9, 85; speaks in Parliament on situation, 81–2; Milner appeals to, for troops to be sent, 90–1; changes policy, sends threatening despatch to Kruger, 91–2; persuades Cabinet to send troops, 92–4, 102; Milner in mutual distrust between Kruger and, 101–2; and Kruger’s ultimatum, no, in, 112; his own (planned) ultimatum, and difficulty of finding reasons for war, 112–13; speaks in Parliament on war, 114; often absent from Cabinet, 246; and ‘Black Week’, 247, 248–9; and election, 464, 465–6, 467, 468; and concentration camps, 517; and peace terms, 564; and position of Africans in peace terms, 491, 563, (gives way to Milner) 565; and loan to South Africa, 575
Chamberlain, Mrs Richard, in Cape Town, 165–6
Charlton, Lieut. L, of Lancashire Fusiliers, 294
Chieveley, Natal: Joubert at, 171; Buller at, 212, 214, 225; Buller’s forward base at, 277, 343
Childers, Erskine, as Driver, 420
Chinese labourers, imported for Rand (1905), 575
Chisholme, Col J. S., CO Imperial Light Horse, 138
Christian Victor, Maj. Prince, 214, 449; dies of typhoid at Pretoria, 458–9
Churchill, Lady Randolph, 347
Churchill, Lieut. John, brother of Winston, 349
Churchill, Winston: Morning Post correspondent, 113, 156, 166, 349, 350; captured with armoured train, prisoner at Pretoria, 167, 171–2, 278; after escape from Pretoria, 277, 278; on Buller, 240, 344; nominal member of South African Light Horse, 283, 304, 347, 359, 362–3; on relief of Ladysmith, 365–6; on Roberts, 385; with Hamilton, 423, 424, (at Doornkop) 425, 426; on balloon over march to Pretoria, 420; bicycles through Johannesburg before surrender, 428; at surrender of Pretoria, 433–4; goes home to stand for Parliament at Oldham, 448, 466, 467
City Imperial Volunteers, 253, 420, 425, 426, 469
Clements, Maj.-Gen. R. A. P., CO 12th Brigade, 439, 441, 442; farm burning by, 473, 476; at Nooitgedacht, 477, 478
Clery, Lt-Gen. Sir C. F., CO and Infantry Division, 161, 163, 177, 178, 277–8, 453; and Buller, 213, 214, 218, 236
coalfields: near Johannesburg, 47, (in production during war) 258; near Elandslaagte, 135Codrington, Lt-Col A. F., CO Coldstream Guards, 205
Coke, Maj.-Gen. J. Talbot, CO 10th Brigade, 286; at Spion Kop, 296, 298, 299, 303, 305
Coldstream Guards, 196, 205
Colenso: bridge over Tugela at, mined by Joubert, 171; Botha at, 207; Buller and a possible crossing at, 212, 215–18; battle of (15 Dec. 1899), 224–38, 334; Buller’s report on, 238–41; news of, in Ladysmith, 263, 271, and in England, 244; Clery’s ‘demonstration’ at (6 Jan. 1900), 277–8; village occupied by British unopposed, 349; battlefield of, 370
Colesburg, Cape Colony, 165; French based at, 312, 315, 317; Olivier abandons, 379
collaborators (handsuppers: Boers fighting with British), 568, 569, 571; executions of, 488; expulsion of families of, 494; numbers of, 571; share of post-war grants received by, 572
Colley, Gen. Sir G. P., commander at Majuba, 3, 77, 98, 128, 285
Colonial Office: Chamberlain and, 25, 27; and ‘forward’ policy in South Africa, 23; budget of, 27, 575; and proposed peace terms, 564
Colvile, Maj.-Gen. Sir Henry: CO Guards Brigade, 190, 196, 202, 203; CO 9th Infantry Division, 313, 334, 336–7, 376, 393, 394, 424, 428, 435, 436; dismissed by Roberts, 468; death o& 574
commando system, 105, 332
Compton, Lord Douglas, of 9th Lancers, 528
concentration camps, for Boer women and children, xvi, 493–5, 501–2; campaign about, in England, 503–5; Emily Hobhouse’s reports on, 505, 506–8; deaths in, 507, 508, 509-1o, 517, 518, 554, 572; Fawcett Committee report on, and recommendations for, 515–17; Kitchener reverses policy on, 548; deconcentration of and establishment of schools in, 553–4; Botha admits thankfulness for, 569
concertinas, carried by Africans on the march, 120, 218
Congreve, Capt. W., Pr
ess Censor, 235, 237, 315
Conical Hill, at Spion Kop, 289, 290, 292, 294
Connaught Rangers, 225, 227, 233, 357, 358
Connor, Capt., of Dublin Fusiliers, 132
Consolidated Goldfields, Rhodes’s company, 48, 55, 57
Cook, E. T., editor of Daily News, 88
Cookson, CoL G. A., CO mobile column, 557
Cooper, CoL C. D., CO Dublin Fusiliers, 225
Cordua, Lieut. Hans, shot for part in plot to kidnap Roberts in Pretoria, 449
Cornwall (Duke of Cornwall’s) Light Infantry, 331, 337, 338
cost of Boer War: to Britain, xiv, 93, 114, 250; to Boers, met by proceeds of gold-mines, 258, 429
Coster, Dr, Transvaal’s ex-State Attorney, 140 Courtney, Leonard, Liberal MP, 111, 415, 503
Coventry, Maj., with Jameson, 3
Cowper, Lord and Lady, house-party given by, 32
Cranborne, Lord, Under-Secretary, Foreign Office (1900-3), 468
Crofton, Col Malby, CO Royal Lancaster Regiment, 293, 295–6, 298
Cromer, Lord, x3; on Kitchener, 315
Cronje, Gen. Andries: National Scouts of, fighting for British, 542
Cronje, General Piet: leader of Transvaal commandos on western front, 186, 191, 192; drawn to north-west by Baden-Powell, 399; joins De la Rey and Prinsloo at Madder River, 192–3; at battle of Madder River, 195, 198; at Magersfontein, 205, 2o6; and proposed expedition to cut off Methuen, 257, 258; by-passed at Magersfontein, 313, 317; moves to Paardeberg and entrenches, 329-3o; attack on, 331, 333–9; does not take opportunity for escape, 339–41; surrenders, 342; at St Louis World Fair (1904), 574
Crossman, Lieut., of West Riding Regiment, 348–9
Crowther, Boer leader, 443
Crum, Lieut. M., of 60th Rifles, 109, 126
Curzon, G. N. (Lord Curzon), 14, 32, 34, 246
Cypherfontein, meeting of Boer leaders at (Oct. 1900), 470–4
Damant, Capt. of Rimington’s Tigers, 442 dates, of occurrences before and during Boer War, 579–83
Danks, Lieut, of Manchesters, 139
Davies, ‘Karri’, leader in Uitlander army, 108, 121, 271; at relief of Mafeking, 415, 416
De Aaar railway junction, Cape Colony, 63, 117, 165, 319; army hospital at, 383