by Geza Vermes
° N. S. Fujita, ACrack in the Jar:What Ancient Jewish Documents Tell Us about the New Testament, New York, 1986.
R. Eisenman, JamestheJustin the HabbakukPesher, Leiden, 1986.
J. H. Charlesworth, ed., Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls, New York/London, 1992.
F. H. Cryer and T. L. Thompson, eds., Qumran between the Old and the New Testament, Sheffield, 1998.
J. R. Davila, ed., The Dead Sea Scrolls as Background to Postbiblical Judaismand Early Christianity, Leiden, 2003.
G. Vermes, Jesus in his Jewish Context, London/Minneapolis, 2003.
General Index
Page references in italics indicate illustrations. Abbreviations are as on the list on pages 91-2.
Aaron
Messiah of
sons of.
abbreviations, list of
Abegg, Martin
Abraham
and astrology
covenant with God
death
story of
Absalom, House of
Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS)
Admonition Associated with the Flood
Aemilius Scaurus (governor of Syria)
afterlife
‘Age of Wrath’
Ages of the Creation
Agrippa 1
Aland, Kurt
Albright, W. F., in.
Alcimus, High Priest
Alexander the Great
Alexander, P..
Allegro, John Marco
on ammanita muscaria
and Copper Scroll
DJD V,
ammanita muscaria (a fungus)
Amram, Testament of
AMS, see Accelerator Mass Spectrometry
Anderson, A. A., DJD V,
animal bones found at Qumran site
Antiochus IV Epiphanes
Antipas, Prince
apocalyptic writings
Apocalyptic Chronology
Aramaic Apocalypse
Messianic Apocalypse
Triumph of Righteousness or Mysteries
Apocrypha
Apocryphal Psalms
biblically based apocryphal works
Apocryphal Weeks
apostasy
Aramaic manuscripts and
apocrypha
Aramaic Apocalypse
Aramaic Bible Translations (Targums)
archaeology
Archelaus, Herod
assemblies
assembly of all the camps
assembly of the camp
assembly of the Congregation
see also Council of the Community
astrological physiognomies
Astronomical Book of Enoch
Athanasius, Mar
Atonement, Day of
Attridge, H.
Avigad, N..
Babylonia
Baillet, Maurice
DJD 111,
DJD VII,
Balaam, prophecy of
Balakros
see also Balas, Alexander
Balas, Alexander
Bar Kokhba (Jewish rebel leader)
Barki nafshi (Bless, my soul)
Barthélemy, Dominique
Baruch, Apocalypse of
‘bastards’
bathing, ritual
battle formations
Baumgarten, J. M..
DJD XVIII,
DJDXXXV
Beatitudes
Bechtel, Elizabeth Hay.
Belial
curses of
see also Melkiresha’
Ben Asher codex
Ben-Dov, J.
Benedictions
see also blessings
Benoit, Pierre
Berakhot
Bernstein, M.
Beyer, K.
Bible
biblical canon
biblically based apocryphal works
commentaries/interpretation (pesharim)-z
Aramaic translations (Targums)
Catenae or Interpretation of Biblical Texts on the Last Days
Consolations or Tanhumim
in Damascus Document
Florilegium or Midrash of the Last Days
Greek documents
Heavenly Prince Melchizedek
historical information within
of law on marriage
Ordinances or Commentaries on Biblical Law
Testimonia or Messianic Anthology
The Reworked Pentateuch
Undentifiable Text Commentary
New Testamentn
textual reliability
see also specific books of the Bible
Biblical Archaeology Review (BAR)
Biblical Archaeology Society
birds’ nests
Bless, My Soul
blessings
Blessings of Jacob
Book of Blessings
see also Benedictions
Boismard, M.-E.
Bonani, G..
Brady, M.
brontologion
Brooke, George J.. .
Broshi, Magen.
Brownlee, W. H.
Burrows, Millar
Bursar of the Congregation .
Cairo genizah manuscriptsand n.,
calendars
Calendars of Priestly Courses
Calendric Signs (Otot)
Calendrical Document C
MMT sectarian
Phases of the Moon
Zodiacal Calendar with a brontologion
camps, see towns
Canaan, Sermon on the Conquest of
Cansdale..
capital punishment, see death penalty
Catenae or Interpretation of Biblical Texts on the Last Days
celibacy.
cemetery at Qumran
chariots
charity
Charlesworth, J. H.
Chazon, E.
children
entering the Covenant
excavated bones
chosen people
Christianity
and the Community
Jewish Christianity
Chronicles, Books of
chronology
‘Church Orders’
circumcision
city of the Covenant
Claudius, Emperor
codicology, Hebrew
Collins, J.
common ownership
common table
exclusion from
Community
Four Classes of
history
contribution of Scrolls
history of the Essenes
list of rebuked members
as a plant
religious ideas
the Covenant
election and holy life
future expectations
worship
structure and rules of
at Qumran
Community, cont’d in towns/camps towns and Qumran compared and linked see also Essenes
Community Rule
on healing
on immortality
infringements and penalties
manuscripts
from Cave 1
from Cave 4
hybrid
on meals
on Mosaic Law
no reference to women
number of copies
on punctuality
see also Damascus Document
Concordance and
Confession Ritual
Congregation.
assembly of
see also Council of the Community
Bursar of.
dismissal from
joining
judges of
Messianic Rule
providing for all needs
qualification for
slandering
speaking to
standards of
see also Community
Congregation, Prince of
Blessing of
‘hor
oscope’
Congregation, Rule of see Messianic Rule
Consolations or Tanhumim
contemplative life
converts
Remonstrances before Conversion
Coponius (Roman prefect)
Copper Scroll
Council of the Community
at Qumran
Community Rule on
Habakkuk Commentary on
hybrid Community Rule on
Messianic Rule on
in towns/camps
Covenant
community of
election and holy life
future expectations
worship
entry into
Feast of the Renewal of
new
oath of
unfaithful to
see also Community
Creation, Psalm of the
Creation, The Ages of
Cross, F. M.and ..
Crown, A..
crucifixion
Cryptic Texts
curses
of Belial.
and expulsion
on insincere conversion
of Melkiresha‘
Damascus Document..
on the Council of the Community
on the Guardian
historical information in
manuscripts
Exhortation
from Cave 4
Statutes
on the Messiah
number of copies
penal code
on purification
on skin disease
and ‘sons of dawn’
and Temple Scroll
and towns/camps
assemblies
code of law
Guardian’s qualifications
head of ‘camp’
initiation of members
priests
on ‘Wicked Priest’
‘Damascus, land of’
Daniel, Book ofand
Para-Danielic writings
Darius I, King of Persia
dating of the Scrolls
David, King
descendants
Moses (or David) Apocryphon
poetry of
de Vaux, Father Roland
dating the Scrollsand .
and publication of the Scrolls.
Dead Sea Scrolls
catalogue
dating
discovery of
greatest novelty
lack of historical texts
‘liberation’ in 1991
and the New Testament
number and content
provenance
and Qumran and towns/camps
research and publication
1947—1967
1967—1990
1990—2003
significance
Dead Sea Scrolls Bible
death, life after
death penalty
Demetrius III, King
Deuteronomy, Book of
dietary restrictions, see food
Dimant.
Discoveries in the Judean Desert (DJD)
Divine Office, Order of
Divisions oftheTimes, Book of the see also Jubilees
Donceel-Voûte, Pauline.
Driver, Godfrey and
dues, priestly
Duhaime,J.
Dupont-Sommer, Andréand
Ecclesiastes, Book of
Ecclesiasticus, Book of see also Jesus Ben Sira
Egypt
Eisenman, Robertand and .
Eleazar, son of Nahmani.
election
Elgvin, T.
Elibah, an elder
Elisha Apocryphon
Enoch
and Book of Giants
Book of
Prayer of Enosh and Enoch
‘Ephraim’
Eshel, Esther
Eshel, Esther & Hanan
Eshel, Hanan.
Essenes
disappearance
and early Christian Church
Feast of Pentecost
hidden treasure
history
chronological framework
concealed references in the Scrolls
decipherment of particular allusions
membership
and Qumran.
religious ideas
The Covenant
election and holy life
future expectations
worship
writings and library
see also Community
Esther, Book of Proto-Esther.
Eusebius
exhortations
Damascus Document
Exhortation to Seek Wisdom
Master’s Exhortation to the Sons of Dawn
MMT C
Exodus, Book of
Historico-theological Narrative based on Genesis and Exodus
Paraphrase of Genesis and Exodus
Exodus, Sermon on the
exorcism, poems of
expulsion from the sect
Ezekiel.
Book of
Pseudo-Ezekiel
Ezra
Falk, Daniel
False Prophets, List of
feasts and festivals
agricultural
liturgical calendar and
Pentecost (Feast of Weeks)
prayers for
Renewal of the Covenant
‘fifteen men’
Fight against Evil Spirits
firstfruits
Firstfruits, Day of
Fitzmyer, J. A...
Flint, P.
Flood
Admonition Associated with the Flood
see also Noah
Florilegium or Midrash on the Last Days
Flusser.
food
blessing
dietary restrictions
fruits
priests excluded from eating
pure
see also common table
Foundations of the Community
Four Classes of the Community
Four Kingdoms
Freedman. N..
Galilee
Gamaliel II, Patriarch
García Martínez, F..
DJD XXIII,
DJDXXXVI
garments, pure3
Genesis
Apocryphon
commentaries
Commentary C
Commentary D
Historico-theological Narrative based on Genesis and Exodus
and Jubilees
Paraphrase of
Gentiles
attacking
interaction with
slaves converted to Judaism
and the Wicked Priest
Giants, Book of
Ginzberg.
gleanings see also tithes
Glessmer, U.
Gog
Golb, Normanand
Goliath, David and
Goodman, Martin...
Goranson, J.
Greece
culture and Jewish history
as enemy
Greeks referred to as Kittim
Greek manuscripts and
Tobit
Greenfield, J. C.
Groningen hypothesis
Guardian (mebaqqer)
psalm recital
at Qumran
in towns/camps
in towns/camps and at Qumran compared
see also Master
Habakkuk Commentary
interpretation of ‘Lebanon’
portrait of Kittim
on Teacher of Righteousness and Wicked Priest
Halakhah A
Halakhah B
Hananiah Notos
Hananiah, son of Sim[on]
Harding, G. Lankester
Harrington, D. J.
harvesting
Hasidim
Hasmonaeans
Heavenly Lights, Words of the
<
br /> Hebrew texts
alphabet acrostics
Aramaic translations
Heinemann, J.
hekhaloth (heavenly palaces)
Henning, W.
Herod Archelaus
Herod the Great
Hidden Scrolls from the Judaean Desert (Sukenik)
Hirschfeld, Yizhar.
Historical Texts
A
C-E
F
history, see Community; Jewish history
Holiness, council of
Holocaust of the Sabbath, Songs for
Horbury, W.
‘horoscopes’
Hosea, Commentaries on
Huntington Library, California and
Hunzinger, Claus-Hunno
hymns
Hymn Celebrating the Morning and the Evening
hymn ending Community Rule
Hymn of Glorification A and B
Hymnic Fragment
on resurrection
for the Sabbath Day
Songs for the Holocaust of the Sabbath
Teacher of Righteousness and
Thanksgiving
war
see also poetry; psalms
Hyrcanus see John Hycanus I; John Hyrcanus II
ideology, Scrolls and New Testament
idolatry
immortality
initiation into the sect .
injuries, compensation for
Isaac sacrifice of
Isaiah, Book of Commentaries on
Israel
blessing of
‘company of Israel’
in days of Moses
desert and town brethren and
judges from tribe of
rank of the Israelites
Scrolls and New Testament and
slander against
Israel Anquities Authority (IAA)
Israel Department of Antiquities
Jacob
Blessings of
Testament of
James (brother of Jesus)
Jannaeus, Alexander
Jason, High Priest
Jeremiah
Apocryphon of
Letter of
Jerusalem
Community living in
Essene library inand
hidden treasure
history
Hellenization of
Antiochus and
Wicked Priest and
‘last priests of’
Romans and
destruction of
New Jerusalem texts
Poetic Fragments on
prophecies regarding
Jesus ben Sira
Jesus of Nazareth
birth
Scrolls and study of
as Teacher of Righteousness or Wicked Priest
Jewish history
Apocalyptic Chronology or Apocryphal Weeks
contribution of Scrolls
Historical Texts
history of the Essenes
inter-testamental
recording of
Job
Targum of
John the Baptist
John the Essene
John Hyrcanus I
John Hyrcanus II
Jonathan, King/High Priest
identity ofand
see also Jannaeus, Alexander; Maccabaeus, John
Jonathan, son of Absalom
Jongeling, B..
Joseph
Apocryphon now Narrative and Poetic Composition
Testament of
