Mourning Lincoln
Page 50
blacks. See African Americans
Blake, Helen, 177
Blech, Charlotte, 106
Bloomington, Ind., 84
Booth, Edwin, 65
Booth, John Wilkes, 226
assassinates Lincoln, 2, 2–3, 3, 60–62
capture and death, 160–61, 174, 176, 213
Confederate views of, 77, 79, 81, 118, 124–25, 131–32, 160
and conspiracy, 3–4, 117, 124, 257, 263
Copperhead views of, 81, 125, 162
escape and manhunt, 4, 5, 49, 126, 127, 128, 143, 159–60
Johnson’s views of, 216
and Lincoln’s April 11 speech, 4, 38–39, 214, 238
memorabilia of, 231, 233
mourners’ views of, 117, 125–31, 174, 224, 251, 252
and newspapers, 213
racism of, 4, 38–39, 214
reburial, 264
and relics, 231
and Stanton, 160. See also anger
Booth, Junius Brutus, Jr., 126
border states, 33, 34, 90. See also Delaware; Kentucky; Maryland; Missouri
Boston, 135, 200, 255, 262, 263
Copperheads in, 84, 85, 86, 148
mourners in, 57, 98, 119, 140, 176, 177, 206, 246
news of assassination in, 52–53, 54, 59
and Union victory, 28, 30, 31, 36, 40, 41
Boyts, Franklin, 38, 139, 309n11
Brandon, Zillah, 266
Brattleboro, Vt., 85, 147
Brazil, 57, 249
Breckinridge, John, 132
British Empire, 92–93, 208
Brookline, Mass., 63
Brooklyn, N.Y., 83, 89, 178
Brooks, Francis, 61
Brooks, Shirley, 59
Brooks, William, 200, 201
Brown, John, 31, 132, 228
Brown, William Wells, 263
Browne, Albert, Jr., 15, 142, 168, 190, 194, 237
Browne, Albert and Sarah, 12–16, 13, 277
and African Americans, 22, 23, 190, 236–37, 257–58, 267, 268–69
and assassination, 16, 46–48, 54, 57, 60, 62, 66–67, 80, 87, 90, 95–96, 117–18, 119, 121, 122, 123, 130, 142–43, 147, 168–69, 191–92, 257, 263
background, 12–16, 20
and Civil War deaths, 190, 197
and Davis, 117, 168, 210–11, 225
and death of daughter, 16, 185, 190–92, 202, 203, 271
diary and letters of, 16
and everyday life, 168–69
and Johnson, 169, 210, 267
and Lincoln, 23, 38, 96, 139–40, 168, 271–72
and participation in history, 24, 41, 48, 211, 212–13
and peace, 237
and postwar nation, 211, 214, 236–37, 241, 257–59, 265, 267, 268–69, 272
and religion, 23, 41, 95–96, 103, 104, 105, 108, 114, 191, 211
and Rodney Dorman, 20–21
and Sherman-Johnston negotiations, 142–43, 158
and slavery, 13–14, 23–24, 28, 38, 117
and Union victory, 22–24, 41–42, 46, 167, 169
Browne, Alice, 15, 20, 142, 169, 190, 191, 202
Browne, Edward (“Eddie”), 15, 20, 142, 168–69, 187
Browne, Nellie, 15–16, 20, 185, 190–92, 194, 202, 270, 271
Buffalo, N.Y., 69
Lincoln’s funeral in, 149, 159
burial of Lincoln, 143, 161, 163–64, 192, 196, 207. See also funeral
Burrud, John, 113, 125, 221
Butler, Mary, 123
Cabell, Mary, 33, 41
Cabot, Elizabeth, 37, 262
Cádiz, Spain, 37, 55
Caine, Bessie, 76
California, 10, 55–56, 83, 90, 97, 106, 123, 132, 208. See also specific locations
Calvinism, 103, 108
Camp Fry, Washington, D.C., 88
Campbell, John, 132
Canada, 84–85, 124, 132, 183, 216, 232
Canby, Samuel, 40, 167
Canfield, Harriet, 172–73, 178, 332n11
capital punishment, 227, 264
Caribbean. See Latin America; West Indies Carr, Alonzo, 262
Carrington, Candace, 232
Carter, William, 266–67
Catholics, 163. See also Irish immigrants
Chaffin, Robert W., 303n15
Chambers, Henry 32, 74, 248
Chandler, Zachariah, 91
Chapman, Elijah, 84, 88
Charleston, S.C.: Confederates in, 76, 80, 81, 96, 97
mourners in, 48, 57–58, 65, 66, 76, 98–99, 180
and Union victory, 23–24, 31, 39–41
violence in, 258
Chase, Salmon, 51, 215, 219
Chattanooga, Tenn., 81, 164
Chesnut, Mary, 75, 82, 203, 265
Chester, Thomas Morris, 26, 29, 31, 77, 99, 128, 196, 216, 238, 278
Chicago: Confederates in, 80–81
Copperheads in, 83, 85, 87
Lincoln’s funeral in, 141, 149, 153, 154, 156, 161, 162, 164, 187
mourners in, 66, 107, 116, 137
news of assassination in, 54, 58
and Union victory, 28, 34
Child, Daniel, 40
Child, Lydia Maria, 36, 104, 109, 114, 159, 221, 222, 227–28
children: Confederate, 36, 188, 250
Copperheads, 85, 86
and everyday life, 175, 177, 186–88, 246
and Lincoln’s funeral, 148, 152, 154, 155
as mourners, 47, 55, 61, 65, 66, 99, 100, 108, 128, 168, 186–88, 213, 246
and Union victory, 25–26, 28, 31, 34, 40
Childs, Elizabeth, 101
China, 55, 93, 176, 204, 249
Chinese immigrants, 148
Chisolm, Daniel, 63
Christian Recorder, 66, 135, 137, 139, 238–39, 244
Christmas, 260
Cincinnati, 28, 34, 126, 129, 185, 264
Lincoln’s funeral in, 147
City Point, Va., 31
civil liberties, 71
civil religion, 103, 109, 163
Civil Rights Movement, 11
Clapp, William, 52
Clark, Elizabeth, 56
Clarke, James Freeman, 111, 251
Clausewitz, Karl von, 250
Cleveland, Grover, 272
Cleveland, Moses, 101
Cleveland, Ohio: Lincoln’s funeral in, 149, 151, 153, 156
Cohen, Eleanor, 96
Collier, Elizabeth, 249, 255
colonization, 110, 128–29, 220
Colored Tennessean, 217
“Colored Volunteer” (song), 25
Colored Women’s Union Relief Association, 57
Columbia, S.C., 29–30, 247, 262
Columbus, Ga., 73
Columbus, Ohio: Lincoln’s funeral in, 149, 156
Comfort, George, 123
communications. See newspapers; telegraph
compromise of 1877, 268–69
Confederate Aid Society, 92
Confederates: and abolitionists, 16, 17, 20, 24, 118, 212, 216, 234, 270
and African Americans, 36, 79, 135, 211, 217, 218, 222, 223–24, 244, 251
and amnesty, 40, 158, 221, 223, 234, 240–45, 255, 264, 267
and Booth, 77, 79, 81, 118, 124–25, 131–32, 160
and children, 36, 188, 250
and Johnson, 48, 215–16, 221–22, 234, 240–45, 247, 253, 264, 266
leaders as responsible for war and assassination, 117–18, 130–34, 214, 216, 224, 240–41, 250–52, 263, 264
and Mary Lincoln, 243
and Seward, 75, 78, 79, 96, 234. See also anger; Davis, Jefferson; death; everyday life; faces; fear; funeral; glee; God, will of; grief; hatred; history: participation in; Lee, Robert E.; Lincoln, Abraham; mercy; mourning; mourning drapery; Reconstruction; shock; silence; slavery; suicide; violence; voting rights; whites; women
Connecticut, 31, 58, 85, 120, 121, 202, 230, 246. See also specific locations
Conrad, George, 274
conspirators: and assassination, 3–4, 124
&n
bsp; and Booth, 3–4, 117, 124, 257, 263
execution of, 264, 265
and Johnson, 4, 124, 263–64
and Seward, 3, 4, 45, 46–47, 49, 61, 70, 124, 145, 160, 174, 263
trial of, 131, 233, 259, 263–64. See also specific individuals
Constantinople, 55
contraband camps, 57
Cooperstown, N.Y., 90
Copperheads, 10, 93, 131, 214, 221, 264
and assassination, 29, 82–90, 96–97, 148, 162
in Baltimore, 85, 87, 162
and Booth, 81, 125, 162
in Boston, 84, 85, 86, 148
in Chicago, 83, 85, 87
and children, 85, 86
and Davis, 89, 162
and funeral, 148, 162
and Mary Lincoln, 206
and mourners, 66, 85–88, 86, 90, 125, 154, 162
and mourning drapery, 83, 85, 148
in New York, 29, 84, 86, 96–97, 125, 148
in New York State, 83, 85, 87, 89, 126, 129, 162
in Philadelphia, 84, 87
and racism, 82, 84–85
in Richmond, 162
in Washington, D.C., 81, 86–87, 88, 90, 122
women, 85. See also anger; fear; glee; hatred; rumors; silence; violence
Cormany, Rachel, 37, 173
Cornwall, Em, 85, 147
Craig, John, 162
crape, 299n33. See also mourning drapery
Crawford, Martha, 204, 249, 270
Cronkite, Walter, 8
Cuba, 249
Cumming, Kate, 215–16, 221
Dall, Caroline, 52–53, 54, 60, 85, 147, 172
Danville, Ill., 164, 224
Dargan, Clara, 78, 96
Darling, Thomas, 148
Davis, Alfred, 195–96
Davis, Emilie, 28, 128, 155, 156, 179, 182, 195–96
Davis, Jefferson, 80, 216
and assassination, 117, 131, 132, 168, 174, 224, 228, 263
and Confederate defeat, 25, 26, 33, 34, 97, 116, 158
and Copperheads, 89, 162
disguised in wife’s clothing, 210, 225–26, 226, 227, 262
escape and capture, 210–11, 212, 224–28
as martyr, 211, 228
and newspapers, 212, 225
pardon of, 267
as traitor, 262
Davis, Varina, 225
Day, William Howard, 261
death: and African Americans, 195–96
after Appomattox, 37
after assassination, 196–97
Civil War toll, 73, 189, 192, 193, 203, 250, 331n1
and Confederates, 203–4, 205, 214, 250
ideal vision of, 197, 208
and Lincoln as last casualty of Civil War, 196
of loved ones, 16, 185, 190–205, 198, 206–8, 332n11. See also God, will of; grief; mourning; newspapers; sermons; shock; “why” question
Declaration of Independence, 261, 262
Dedham, Mass., 173
Delany, Martin, 39, 113–14
Delaware, 33, 66, 148, 167, 264. See also border states; specific locations
Democratic Party, 82, 83, 85, 148, 206, 214, 215, 242, 268, 269, 272. See also Copperheads
Detroit, 30
diary-keeping, 59, 174, 276–77
Dinsmore, Edgar, 99, 109, 180–81, 225, 226, 260
disfranchisement, African American, 270, 271, 274
Dorman, Orloff, 19, 278
Dorman, Rodney, 277
and abolitionists, 16, 20, 118, 212, 234, 270
and African Americans, 16, 24, 71–72, 118, 170, 211–12, 219, 235, 236, 268, 270
and Albert and Sarah Browne, 20–21
and assassination, 12, 70–72, 73, 77, 78, 94–95, 96, 118, 124, 140, 142, 189, 259, 263
background, 12–13, 16–21
and Civil War deaths, 73, 189–90, 203
and Confederate defeat, 24–25, 32, 71, 82, 166, 184, 211, 212, 235–36
and Davis, 212
diary of, 20, 268, 270, 277, 278, 350–51n3
and everyday life, 169–70
and Johnson, 141, 234, 240
and Ku Klux Klan, 267-68
and Lincoln, 20, 24, 71, 77, 140, 141–42, 234
and oath of allegiance, 18, 19, 235
and peace, 236, 255
and postwar nation, 214, 236, 259–60, 268, 269, 270
and religion, 70, 71, 94–95, 96, 97, 114
and Sherman-Johnston negotiations, 141, 158
and slavery, 16, 78, 118, 170, 212, 235, 236, 248
travels north, 268, 270
Douglass, Frederick, 28, 276
and Lincoln’s April 11 speech, 273
and assassination, 99, 100, 272–73, 274
and Fourth of July, 261–62
and Lincoln, 91, 246, 272–73, 350n33
optimism of, 108, 113, 273
pessimism of, 36, 105, 217, 218–19, 245, 251, 264, 272–74, 345n35, 347n4
and second inaugural address, 272–73
and slavery, 25, 108, 217, 218–19, 245, 251
and white southerners, 135, 250
Downing, John, 206
draft, 83, 162–63
Drayton, Carrie, 180–81
Dred Scott v. Sandford, 219
Dreer, Mary, 295n13
Du Barry, Helen, 176, 206
Dudley, Annie, 26, 45
Dunstan, Caroline, 36, 125
Easter Sunday, 43, 91, 99, 113, 119, 120, 129, 153, 172, 178, 180, 197, 199, 200, 201, 206, 223
and African Americans, 99
in Confederacy, 97
in Union, 97–99, 101–3, 105, 106, 107, 112, 129, 131, 134, 136, 146–47, 202, 251. See also sermons
Eckert, Thomas, 1
Edmunds, Amanda, 29, 79, 266
education: for African Americans, 218, 235, 236, 250, 267, 272
for poor white southerners, 135
Edwards, Abial, 197, 244
Edwards, Ann, 274
Egypt, 55–56, 124, 159
election of 1860, 15
election of 1864, 83, 215
election of 1876, 268
election of 1884, 272
Eleventh U.S. Colored Heavy Artillery, 113
Elliot, Mary, 179
Ellis, George, 101
Ellis, William, 77
emancipation, 28, 32, 62, 91, 129, 137, 138, 183, 184, 196, 213, 217–18, 219, 237, 244, 272–73. See also Emancipation Proclamation; freedom: African American
Emancipation Proclamation, 11, 17, 48, 66, 71, 83, 110, 111, 146, 148, 162, 218, 231, 262
Emerson, Mary, 98
emotion. See anger; faces; fear; glee; grief; hatred; horror; indignation; men; shock; women
Engels, Friedrich, 222
England, 44, 59, 92, 101, 124, 125, 154, 199, 242–43, 250. See also British Empire; Great Britain; specific locations
Europe, 93, 177, 232, 249. See also specific countries
everyday life: and African Americans, 182
and assassination, 165, 166–88
and Confederate defeat, 182–85
and children, 175, 177, 186–88, 246
and death of loved ones, 194–95
and Union victory, 36–38, 170–71. See also men; women
evil, theological problem of, 95, 101–3, 105, 106
Ewell, Richard, 132
eyewitnesses to assassination, 48–49, 63, 69, 129, 115, 129, 131, 170, 176, 206. See also Downing, John; Du Barry, Helen; Harris, Clara; Rathbone, Henry; Sawyer, Frederick; Shepard, Julia
faces: and Confederate responses, 29, 76, 148, 248
and emotion, 100, 142, 153, 155
and mourners’ responses, 5, 6, 7, 46, 54, 56, 59, 62, 63, 69, 98, 100, 142, 153, 155
Fairview, Pa., 150, 151
fear, as response to assassination, 11
of African Americans, 12, 66, 213, 222, 239–40, 241, 245, 247, 274
of Confederates, 74, 75, 76, 77, 79, 183, 214, 215, 247
of Copperheads, 29, 83
of Unionists, 216
of white mourners, 66, 177, 224. See also anarchy, fear of
Fernandina, Fla., 24, 148
Ferris, Anna, 33, 35, 66, 104, 109–10, 136, 148, 152, 155, 220, 264–65
Fifteenth Amendment, 267
Fifteenth New Jersey regiment, 83–84
Fifth Article of War, 88
Fifty-Fifth Massachusetts regiment, 15, 57–58
Fifty-Fourth Massachusetts regiment, 15, 18–19, 99, 109, 121, 180–81, 190, 225, 258, 260
Fifty-Sixth Massachusetts regiment, 229
First South Carolina regiment, 17–18
Fisher, Sidney, 244
Fletcher, Calvin, 194–95
Fletcher, Lucy, 33, 75, 270–71
Florida, 17–18, 19, 45, 100, 121, 219, 223, 244, 254, 257, 267, 268. See also specific locations
Forbes, Alden, 37–38
Ford’s Theatre, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 11, 45, 48, 50, 50, 60–61, 62, 63, 69, 122, 124, 126, 159–60, 161, 207
as pilgrimage site, 232–33. See also eyewitnesses
forgiveness. See mercy
Fort Blakeley, Ala., 120
Fort Delaware, Del., 30, 74, 81, 122, 250
Fort Jefferson, Fla., 81
Fort Preble, Me., 88
Fort Spanish, Ala., 122
Fort Sumter, S.C., 161
battle of, 33, 132
Union victory celebrations at, 23–24, 25, 39–42, 46, 47, 48, 58, 109, 132–33
Fort Wagner, battle of, 190, 197, 218
Forten, Charlotte, 15–16, 270, 276
Fortress Monroe, Va., 58, 112
Forty-Fourth Indiana regiment, 121
Forty-Ninth North Carolina regiment, 32, 74
Forty-Sixth Illinois regiment, 199–200
Fourteenth Amendment, 267
Fourteenth Indiana regiment, 147
Fourth of July, 261–63
France, 44, 93. See also Paris
“Frank,” 181, 184
Fredericksburg, Va., 247
Freedmen’s Bureau, 234, 235, 267
freedom: African American, 11, 21, 23, 25, 26, 40, 65–66, 95, 108, 111, 128, 134, 145, 170, 181–86 passim, 195–96, 211, 217, 218, 236, 238, 243, 244, 249, 250, 253, 255, 260, 261, 267, 271, 272, 274
white, 32, 128, 183–84, 247–48, 249–50, 259, 266. See also emancipation; Emancipation Proclamation
freedpeople. See African Americans
French, Benjamin Brown, 51–52, 144, 164, 229
French, Charles, 57, 62
French, Eliza, 96
Frobel, Anne, 164, 247
Frothingham, Octavius, 224
funeral, 141–58, 151, 161–65, 138, 182
and African Americans, 143, 146, 148, 155–56, 162–63, 164
and children, 148, 152, 154, 155
and Confederates, 141, 146, 148–49, 163, 164
and Copperheads, 148, 162
and funeral train, 149–58, 151, 160, 161, 162, 165, 167, 169, 173, 197, 200, 201, 207–8, 232
and Lincoln’s body, 142, 143–44, 146, 149, 150, 152–58, 157, 159, 160–64, 167, 172, 179, 187, 197, 200, 201, 207, 208, 261