Mourning Lincoln
Page 51
and Lincoln’s face, 51, 144, 155, 156, 158, 200, 239
and Mary Lincoln, 145, 149, 150, 207–8
and Robert Lincoln, 145, 150, 163
and weather, 152, 153, 155. See also newspapers; universality, idea of; specific locations
Gardner, Alexander, 239
Garfield, James, 179, 271–72
Garidel, Henri, 29, 31, 33
Garrison, William Lloyd, 13, 25, 39, 40, 57, 109, 135
Garrison, William Lloyd, Jr., 178
Gaskell, Elizabeth, 10, 207
Gaskell, George, 113
Gawthrop, Henry, 9, 101
General Order No. 27, 87
George, Octavia, 273–74
Georgia, 17, 33, 44, 45, 79, 82, 97, 124–25, 166, 183, 219, 222, 243, 245, 247, 248, 257. See also specific locations
German immigrants, 82, 93, 163
Germantown, Pa., 85
Gettysburg, battle of, 11, 193
Gettysburg Address, 103, 231
Gilmore, Horace, 175
Gilpin, Ebenezer, 222
Gilpin, Sarah, 201
glee, as response to assassination, 10, 42
of Britons, 92–93
of Confederates, 67, 70–72, 73, 77–82, 96, 118, 124, 188, 265, 266
of Copperheads, 82–90, 96–97
Glenn, John, 38, 110, 148, 163
God, will of: assassination as, Confederate view, 11, 70, 71, 78–79, 81, 94–95, 96–97, 114, 265, 266, 274
assassination as, mourners’ view, 11–12, 91, 95–96, 101–10, 112–14, 115, 119, 120, 123, 129, 136, 143, 145, 147, 159, 163–64, 182, 215, 216–17, 220–21, 223, 224, 246, 250, 251–53, 264, 273, 274, 346n37
and Confederate defeat, 33, 34–35, 214, 248, 249
and death of loved ones, 191, 193–95, 197, 202, 203, 271
and grief, 105–7, 145
and second inaugural address, 35, 103, 137, 194, 255–56, 272–73
and Union victory, 12, 23, 26, 29, 31, 34, 38, 214
Good Friday, 1, 39, 96, 97, 111, 114, 179, 194
Gordon, William, 203–4
Gorham, Me., 262
Gould, William, 37, 55, 174, 182, 199, 220, 226, 241
Grand Review, 228–30, 232, 233, 263
Grant, Julia, 1
Grant, Ulysses S.: as general, 1, 22, 30, 31, 34, 36, 37, 38, 43, 98, 116, 139, 158, 159
as president, 267–68
Great Barrington, Mass., 52, 53
Great Britain, 92–93, 100, 113, 208, 228, 242–43. See also British Empire; England; Ireland
Greble, Edward, 57
Greeley, Horace, 70–71
Greensboro, N.C., 44, 224
grief: of Confederates, 75–77, 148, 265–66
and death of loved ones, 190–205
and God’s will, 105–7, 145
of Mary Lincoln, 206–9
as response to assassination, 5, 16, 42, 46–48, 58, 59, 64, 68–70, 97–101, 102, 104, 113, 116, 117, 119, 144, 147, 163, 166–67, 169, 170–82 passim, 186, 187, 246, 254, 255, 261, 309n10
universality of, assumed, 5, 9–10, 62–64, 66, 72, 76, 82, 87, 90, 93, 102, 143, 148, 149, 163
Grimké, Charlotte Forten. See Forten, Charlotte
Grimké, Francis, 270
Grover’s Theatre, 45
Guadeloupe, 93
Gurley, Phineas D., 145, 149
habeas corpus, 71
Haiti, 89, 224
Hale, Charles, 55–56, 159
Hale, Edward Everett, 58, 106, 113, 170, 200, 213, 222, 295n12
Hale, Lucretia, 166–67, 246–47
Hale, Sarah, 160, 178, 201, 206
Hall, James, 162
Halleck, Henry, 129, 244
Hamilton, James, 338n22
Hampton, Va., 79
Hanseatic Republics, 93
Harper, Frances, 263
Harris, Clara, 1, 2, 2, 3, 48–49
Harrisburg, Pa.: Lincoln’s funeral in, 149, 153, 173
Hartford, Conn., 34
hatred: of African Americans for Confederates, 122–23
of Confederates for African Americans, 36, 79, 135, 211, 217, 218, 222, 223–24, 244, 251
of Confederates for Lincoln, 72–73, 77, 79, 215
of Confederates for northerners, 25, 36, 79, 169, 183, 184–85, 223–24, 247
of Copperheads for African Americans, 129
of Copperheads for Lincoln, 29, 83, 84
of mourners for Confederates, 72, 119, 123, 125, 129, 162
of mourners for Copperheads, 125
of Union supporters for African Americans, 128–29
Haven, Samuel, 113
Hawk, Harry, 1
Hawks, Esther, 260
Hayes, Rutherford B., 268–69
Helms, Chat, 87–88
Henderson, John, 249, 266
Henry, Anson, 69, 144–45
Herold, David, 4, 38, 124, 127, 160, 263, 265. See also conspirators
Hews, Susan, 85
Higginson, Thomas Wentworth, 18, 269–70
Hill, A. P., 132
Hillborn, Annie, 60, 148, 155, 200, 201
Hilton Head Island, S.C., 211
history: participation in, 8, 23, 37, 41, 48, 143, 153, 161, 211, 212–13, 214, 229, 231, 233, 245, 250
recording details of, 58–62, 161–62, 164, 176
Holland, J. G., 136, 208
Holt, Joseph, 131, 259, 263, 264
homeward journeys: of African Americans, 260
of Lincoln’s body, 149, 197, 261
of soldiers, 120–21, 133, 166, 167, 180, 182–83, 205, 214, 223, 229, 230, 247, 249, 260–61
of soldiers’ bodies, 49, 197–98, 200, 260–61
Hooper, Marian, 232–33, 263
hope: as response to assassination, 66, 104–5, 108, 113, 138, 165, 166–67, 217, 238–39, 254. See also optimism
horror: as response to assassination, 9, 10, 46, 52, 56, 66, 87, 93, 99, 100, 119, 142, 173, 206, 272
hospitals: responses to assassination in, 9, 28, 32, 49, 84, 101, 146, 174, 196
House, Ellen, 34–35, 183, 248
“house divided” metaphor, 249
Howell, Margaret, 28, 62, 101, 172
Howells, William Dean, 28, 228
Hughes, Ellis, 179, 225–26, 227
Hughes, Louisa, 202
Hull, England, 92–93
Hunter, Carrie, 187–88, 246
Hunter, David, 19
Hunter, Kate, 246
Hunter, Robert, 132
Huntsville, Ala., 81
Hutchins, M. M., 310n13
Hutson, Charles, 249
Illinois, 44, 63, 89, 123, 144, 199–200. See also specific locations
immigrants, 82, 84, 86, 93, 96–97, 148, 162–63
Indiana, 66, 84, 88, 91, 100, 109, 121, 147, 152, 180, 216, 221. See also specific locations
Indianapolis, 85, 194–95
Lincoln’s funeral in, 149, 152, 153, 155–56, 165
indignation, as response to assassination, 47, 85, 93, 119, 136
Ingram, Rose, 274
Iowa, 34, 43, 45, 55, 120, 220, 222, 260
Ireland, 92
Ireland, Oscar, 72
Irish immigrants, 82, 84, 86, 96–97, 162–63
Irving, William, 274
Irwinsville, Ga., 225
Italy, 56, 93, 182. See also specific locations
Jackson, Mattie, 56, 155–56
Jackson, Thomas, 89
Jacksonville, Fla., 12, 16–20, 19, 24, 70–71, 80, 94–95, 118, 141, 169–70, 190, 211, 219, 234, 235–36, 237, 254, 259–60, 268, 270, 278
Jamaica, 55
Japan, 93
Jesus Christ: crucifixion of, 106, 111–12
and forgiveness, 136
Lincoln compared to, 111–12, 237
Jews, 92, 96, 106, 163
Jim Crow era. See disfranchisement; lynching; segregation
“John Brown’s Body” (song), 25–26, 28, 31, 40, 226–27, 229
Johnson, Andrew: and African Americans 12, 91, 187,
215, 216–18, 219–20, 221–22, 238–45, 247, 253, 264–65, 267, 273
and Booth, 216
compared to Joshua (biblical figure), 217
and Confederates, 48, 215–16, 221–22, 234, 240–45, 247, 253, 264, 266
and conspirators, 4, 124, 263
and pardon of conspirators, 263–64
as poor white southerner, 139, 215, 221–22
as president, 48, 51, 91, 141, 145, 159, 169, 225, 229, 231, 264
and Presidential Reconstruction, 264–65, 267
racism of, 222
and slavery, 215, 219–20, 221–22
and Unionists, 216
as vice president, 44, 45, 49, 210
white mourners’ views of, 91, 210, 220–22, 224, 244–45, 259, 264–65, 267. See also amnesty
Johnson, Kate, 140
Johnson, William, 235
Johnston, John, 271
Johnston, Joseph E., 30, 44, 113, 121, 132, 158
and Sherman, 141, 142–43, 158–59, 221
surrender of, 159, 160, 161
Jones, Caroline, 82
Jones, Eva, 183
Jones, Mary, 56
journalists. See newspapers
Julian, George, 91, 252
June 1, 1865: national day of mourning, 192, 245–47
Kafka, Franz, 327n7
Kalamazoo, Mich., 37
Kansas, 54, 57
Kean, Ellen, 52, 154, 163
Keene, Laura, 1
Keifer, Joseph, 120
Kennedy, John F., assassination of, 7–8, 9
Kentucky, 33, 90, 241, 245. See also border states; specific locations
Kenyon, Alpheus, 246
Key West, Fla., 80
King, Georgiana, 187–88
Ku Klux Klan, 267–68
Laing, Caroline, 136, 139, 147, 148
Lamson, Laura, 201
landownership, 13–14
and African Americans, 14, 218, 236, 240, 250, 252, 270, 272
Langston, John Mercer, 217
Lansing, Catherine, 233
Largest, John, 89
Larrabee, Charles, 152
Latin America, 93, 232. See also specific countries
Lawrence, Amos, 41, 42, 276
Lear, Edward, 195
Leavenworth, Kan., 57
LeConte, Emma, 29–30, 33, 41, 78, 82, 188, 214, 215, 228, 247, 255, 262, 269
Lee, Elizabeth Blair, 64, 199, 209
Lee, Elon, 161, 164
Lee, Fitzhugh, 30
Lee, Robert E.: and assassination, 131, 132, 226
and Confederate defeat, 22–44 passim, 97, 116, 158–59, 212, 214, 248–49, 314–15n5
and Lost Cause ideology, 203, 250
love of, 116
pardon of, 267. See also Appomattox; Army of Northern Virginia; surrender
Lee, Samuel, 206
Leonard, Chauncey, 104
letter-writing, 59–60, 174–76, 276
Lexington, Ky., 33, 80, 81
Liberator, 135
Liberia, 93, 110
Lieber, Francis, 128, 129, 130, 159, 252
Lincoln, Abraham, 2, 3, 27, 51, 102, 157, 239
and abolitionists, 19, 38, 65–66, 237–38
and African Americans, 26, 27, 40, 65–66, 91, 99, 110, 111, 112, 128, 140, 237–38, 241, 274
and April 11 speech, 4, 23, 38–39, 214–15, 218, 238, 241, 255, 273
background, 215
as best friend of African Americans, 12, 27, 84, 112, 128, 140, 241, 274
as best friend of Confederates, 11, 12, 76, 139–40, 215, 265
body of, 142, 143–44, 146, 149, 150, 152–58, 157, 159, 160–64, 167, 172, 179, 187, 197, 200, 201, 207, 208, 261
and Copperheads, 29, 82–90, 96–97, 148, 162
and Douglass, 91, 246, 272–73, 350n33
election of 1860, 15
election of 1864, 83, 215
face of, 51, 144, 155, 156, 158, 200, 239
as father, 26, 80, 111, 116, 187, 194, 195, 203, 218, 267
as last casualty of Civil War, 196
as lenient, 12, 75–76, 90–91, 96, 109–10, 112, 123, 136–37, 159, 213, 215, 220–21, 224, 238, 251–52, 253
love of, 115–16
as martyr, 12, 60, 75, 105, 108, 126, 129, 201, 207, 238, 246, 253
as radical, 12, 238, 253, 273, 350n33
and reconstruction plans, 4, 23, 38, 109, 136, 214–15, 218, 220, 237–38, 240, 252, 262
remembered by former slaves, 273–74
and slavery, 35, 79, 103, 108, 111, 129, 130, 137, 145, 194, 215, 218, 238, 250–52, 255–56, 273
and voting rights for African American men, 38, 214, 238, 273, 291n36. See also assassination; Booth, John Wilkes; burial; emancipation; Emancipation Proclamation; funeral; hatred; homeward journeys; Jesus Christ; love; Moses; peace; relics; Richmond, Va.; second inaugural address; Washington, George
Lincoln, Edward (“Eddie”), 208
Lincoln, Mary, 142
and condolences, 93
and Confederates, 243
and Copperheads, 206
departure from Washington, D.C., 209
at Ford’s Theatre, 1, 2, 2, 3, 48–49, 60, 207
grief of, 206–9
and Lincoln’s funeral, 145, 149, 150, 207–8
and mourners, 206–8
at Petersen House, 5, 51, 207
and relics, 231
and trauma, 207–8, 209
Lincoln, Robert, 142, 207, 208, 209
and Lincoln’s funeral, 145, 150, 163
at Petersen House, 5, 51, 51
Lincoln, Thomas (“Tad”), 26, 27, 43, 51, 142, 145, 207, 208, 209, 231
Lincoln, Willie, 145, 150, 163, 208
Lindsley, Lettie, 107
Lindsley, Maggie, 107
Lisbon, 55, 174
London, 55, 92–93, 129, 206, 208, 228, 242–43, 247, 255
London Times, 92
Los Angeles, 87
Lost Cause ideology, 203, 250
Louisiana, 17, 38, 29, 45, 72, 196, 216, 183, 238, 247, 266, 268. See also specific locations
Louisville, Ky., 56, 241
L’Ouverture, Toussaint, 224
love: of Lee, 116
of Lincoln, 115–16
Lowell, Anna: and assassination, 30, 54, 61, 64, 100, 113, 115, 147, 167, 201, 207, 232, 246, 264, 294n12
diary of, 276
and postwar nation, 135, 137, 159, 213
loyalty oaths. See oath of allegiance
Lucas, James, 274
Lyman, Theodore, 115
Lynchburg, Va., 22, 33
lynching, 271, 274
Magill, S. W., 346n37
Maine, 37, 58, 88, 90, 126, 197, 229, 244. See also specific locations
Mallory, Charles, 54
Malta, 56
Manchester, England, 92
Marseille, France, 56, 195
Martin, Edward, 186–87
Marx, Karl, 222
Maryland, 33, 38, 110, 128, 130, 134, 140, 148, 167, 180, 225. See also Baltimore; border states
Mason, James, 132
Mason, Louisa, 148
Massachusetts, 40, 49, 58, 85, 71, 90, 100, 161, 167, 196, 201, 242, 246, 263
regiments, 15, 18–19, 57–58, 99, 109, 121, 180–81, 190, 225, 229, 258, 260. See also New England; specific locations
Matheus, John, 274
Mauritius, 92
Mayfield, Ga., 33
McCalla, Helen, 144
McCullough, Samuel, 204
McKim, Lucy, 54, 155
McMichael, James, 74
McPherson, James, 250
Mead, Rufus, 230
Mead, William, 181
Meade, George, 31, 229
Meadows, Louis, 274
Mediterranean, 93. See also specific countries
Meigs, Minerva, 49
Mellette, Arthur, 180
Mellish, George, 128–29
Mellish, Mary, 199
memoirs, as problematic source, 9
memorabi
lia. See relics
men: and emotion, 47–48, 52, 68–69, 117, 119, 175, 197
and everyday life, 173–74, 175
and masculinity, 47, 50, 63, 68, 225
weeping, 31, 32–33, 54, 68–69, 92, 100, 119, 122, 145, 168. See also voting rights
mercy: toward Confederates after assassination, 123, 136–39, 145, 159, 163, 272
toward Confederates after surrender, 35, 109, 215, 222–23, 224, 242–44
Michigan, 26, 30, 89, 91, 159, 225, 246. See also specific locations
Mifflin, Clementine, 200, 201
Minnesota, 55, 87, 98. See also Saint Peter
Mississippi, 17, 37, 44, 72, 183, 214, 243, 274. See also specific locations
Missouri, 33, 56, 90, 156. See also border states; Saint Louis
Mobile, Ala., 22, 43, 73, 81, 101, 112, 122, 242
Montgomery, Ala., 77, 262
Moore, James, 99, 233
Moore, Lizzie, 107, 108, 109, 111, 172, 207
Moran, Benjamin, 92–93, 242–43, 247, 255
Morgan, Henry, 181, 184
Morgan, Sarah, 77
Moses, Lincoln compared to, 111, 164, 217, 237
mourning: in American culture, 100, 193–96, 198
for loved ones, Confederates, 203–5
for loved ones, Union supporters, 191–203
and Mary Lincoln, 206–9
and spreading news of assassination, 53. See also June 1, 1865; universality, idea of mourning badges, 64, 65, 76, 77, 102
mourning drapery, 10, 47, 50, 52, 58, 61, 63–65, 71, 95, 97–98, 99–100, 142, 143, 147, 148, 153, 165, 232, 299n33
of Confederates, 76–77, 148, 302n14
of Copperheads, 83, 85, 148
and women, 47, 64, 65, 97–98, 147
Mudd, Samuel, 4, 124, 263, 264. See also conspirators
Mystic, Conn., 54
Nashville, Tenn., 57, 81, 84, 96, 187
Natchez, Miss., 79, 223–24, 244
National Equal Rights League, 217
Neafie, Alfred, 134, 202
Neafie, Anne, 123, 159, 201–2
New Bedford, Mass., 131
New Bern, N.C., 57, 218
New England, 16, 54, 62, 66, 86, 87, 105, 106, 112, 119, 182, 185, 197, 208, 232. See also specific states
New Hampshire, 28, 34, 61–62, 124, 202
New Haven, Conn., 131, 170
New Jersey, 83–84. See also Trenton
New Orleans, 55, 56, 65, 74, 76, 77, 80, 81, 99, 125, 140, 245
New Orleans Black Republican, 140, 217, 240
New York: and assassination, 52, 58, 60, 64, 65, 68, 69, 99–100, 113, 129, 179, 201, 232
Copperheads in, 29, 84, 86, 96–97, 125, 148
Douglass in, 246, 261
Lincoln’s funeral in, 148, 149, 152–53, 154, 154, 156, 157, 161, 162–63
and Union victory, 28, 34, 36. See also Brooklyn, N.Y.; New York State