Mourning Lincoln
Page 52
New York Anglo-African, 35, 36, 111, 131, 135, 139, 140, 217, 251
New York Herald, 70, 300n1
New York State, 10, 31, 44, 49, 104, 113, 160, 199
Copperheads in, 83, 85, 87, 89, 126, 129, 162
New York Sun, 89
Newcomb, Simon, 229
Newport, R.I., 148, 187–88, 246
newspapers: and assassination, 5, 44, 45, 46, 47, 52, 53, 54, 55, 56, 58, 60, 62, 70–71, 78, 80, 81, 85, 86, 89, 110, 116, 131–32, 185, 199, 207, 312n33
and Booth, 213
British, 92–93
and Davis, 212, 225
and death of loved ones, 199, 204
and Lincoln’s funeral, 141, 145, 149, 150, 161
as relics, 232
and Union victory, 22, 24, 25, 26, 28, 30, 31, 34, 184–85
and universal grief, 62. See also specific newspapers
Nicolay, John, 63
Niles, Lizzie, 180
Ninth Indiana, 180
Norcross, Grenville, 61, 187
Norfolk, Va., 25, 35, 57, 65, 89, 98–99, 108, 217
North Carolina, 17, 30, 31, 158, 243
African Americans in, 106, 116, 199, 218, 219, 244
Confederates in, 32, 74, 75, 133, 184–85, 204, 223, 247, 249, 255, 266
Union soldiers in, 32, 121. See also specific locations
Nottoway Station, Va., 43
Oak Ridge Cemetery, 143, 163
oath of allegiance, 18, 36, 38, 158, 234–35, 240, 242–43, 245
Ohio, 26, 41, 43, 55, 58, 87, 89, 110, 130, 151, 162, 186, 204, 223, 274. See also specific locations
Oklahoma City, 274
O’Laughlen, Michael, 124, 263, 264. See also conspirators
114th United States Colored Troops, 44
139th New York regiment, 31
149th New York regiment, 44
160th New York regiment, 113
182nd Ohio, 89
Ontario, Canada, 84–85
optimism, as response to assassination, 12, 72, 108, 109, 111, 112–13, 138, 145, 167, 181–82, 205, 211, 264
African American, 238–39, 244, 273
white, 35, 222
Orton, John, 37
Our American Cousin (play), 1
Outten, Thomas, 80, 81
Owner, William, 74–75, 264
Palm Sunday, 106
Palmer, Nelson, 181
pardons. See amnesty
Paris, 69, 98, 116, 195, 249
Parsons, David, 162
Patterson, Billy, 126
Paul, Ebenezer, 173
Payne, J. H., 244
Payne, John, 196
peace, 21, 33, 58, 113, 120, 121, 167, 223, 236, 237, 250, 254–56, 262, 264–65, 268, 269, 273
and Lincoln, 38, 137, 255–56
Peace Democrats. See Copperheads
Peacock, Edward, 100
Peck, Mary, 34
Pennsylvania, 38, 44, 62, 66, 68, 85, 86, 116, 129, 130, 151, 172, 173, 196, 255. See also specific locations
Perkins, Newton, 120, 121
Perry, Sophia, 37
Peters, Henry, 84
Petersburg, Va., 22, 37, 44, 80, 99, 266
Petersen House: Lincoln at, 4–5, 49, 50–51, 51, 61, 62, 232
Mary Lincoln at, 5, 51, 207
Robert Lincoln at, 5, 51, 51
as pilgrimage site, 232, 233
Stanton at, 5, 131
Phelps, John Wolcott, 36
Philadelphia: and assassination, 54, 69, 100, 101, 119, 130, 148, 182
Confederates in, 74, 140
Copperheads in, 84, 87
1876 World’s Fair in, 268
Lincoln in, 261
Lincoln’s funeral in, 149, 152, 153, 155, 156, 165, 179, 196, 200, 201
and Union victory, 28
Phillips, Wendell, 108, 110, 221, 252, 257, 258, 263
physical symptoms, as response to assassination, 101, 113, 147
Pickard, Alonzo, 121–22, 134
Pickard, Rose, 144, 198–99
planter classes, 35, 40, 132–35, 139, 183, 240–41, 266. See also Confederates; slavery; white supremacy; whites
Poland, 93
Port Hudson, battle of, 218
Portsmouth, Va., 79, 98–99, 223
Portugal. See Lisbon
post-Reconstruction, 268–72, 274. See also disfranchisement; lynching; segregation
Poughkeepsie, N.Y., funeral train in, 152
Powell, Hattie, 245–46
Powell, Lewis, 4, 124, 160, 263, 265. See also conspirators
Prentiss, John, 28–29
Prime, Joseph, 129
prisons, Civil War, 80–81, 122, 168, 189–90, 203, 257
and prisoners, 29, 30, 32, 36, 44, 45, 74, 76, 131, 148–49, 166, 204, 205
proslavery ideology, 16, 35, 38–39, 78, 118, 184, 235–36
providence, assassination as, 96–97, 104, 105, 106, 109–10, 112, 123, 251, 273, 346n37
Providence, R.I., 232
Pruyn, John, 148
Puritanism, 100
Putnam, Mary, 36
Putnam, Sarah, 36, 37, 59, 128, 227
Quint, Alonso, 131, 132, 133–34
racism: of Albert and Sarah Browne, 14, 236–37
of Booth, 4, 38–39
of Copperheads, 82, 84–85
of Johnson, 222
of Rodney Dorman, 16, 24, 71–72, 78, 118, 170, 211–12, 219, 235, 236, 248, 268, 270
of white northerners, 128–29, 163, 236–37, 258, 267
of white southerners, 134–36, 269. See also Confederates; disfranchisement; lynching; slavery; white supremacy
railroads, 150–52, 151, 269
Raleigh, N.C., 32, 69, 76, 122, 134
rape, 17, 184, 220, 258, 267
Rathbone, Henry, 1, 2, 2, 48–49
“Rebecca,” 175–76
reconciliation, white, 9, 223, 224, 269, 272
Reconstruction, 48, 267–69
and African Americans, 218, 237–45, 262, 263, 267–69
and assassination, 250–53, 346n36
Confederate views of, 91, 236, 247, 249, 269–70, 271
Lincoln’s plans for, 4, 23, 38, 109, 136, 214–15, 218, 220, 237–38, 240, 252, 262
and mourners, 11–12, 91, 163, 205, 264
Presidential, 264–65, 267
radical, 11, 267, 268
and Sherman, 158. See also Johnson, Andrew; post-Reconstruction
relics: of Booth, 231
of Lincoln, 7, 231–33, 340–41n1
newspapers as, 232. See also history, participation in; scrapbooks
religion, 94–97, 101–10. See also Catholics;
Easter Sunday; evil; God, will of; Good Friday; Jesus Christ; Jews; millennialism; Moses; providence; sermons
Republican Party, 13, 132, 218, 266, 267, 269, 270
moderates, 214, 242, 252, 267
radicals, 66, 71, 90–91, 109, 219, 237–38, 252, 267, 266
Rey, Rudolph, 113
Rhode Island. See Newport; Providence
Richmond, Va., 30, 224
African Americans in, 31, 77, 79, 104, 121, 140, 146, 241
Confederates in, 29, 33, 74, 79, 80, 96, 97, 184–85, 205, 223, 245, 249, 270
Copperheads in, 162
fall of, 22–29, 27, 32, 37, 41, 55, 68, 74, 94, 133, 161, 178, 185, 212, 217, 224, 239
Lincoln in, 22, 26, 27, 104
Union soldiers in, 44, 76, 104, 121, 122, 133, 146, 223
Unionists in, 80
Roanoke Island, N.C., 31
Robinson, Nancy, 183
Rochester, N.Y., 99, 105, 135, 251, 261
Rogers, Annette, 232
Romanticism, 277
Rome, 124
“Rose,” 26
Ruffin, Edmund, 78, 110, 131–32, 184–85, 205, 216, 248, 249
Ruffin, George, 140
rumors: of assassination, 42–45, 57, 74, 271
of 1861 assassination attempt, 149, 261
of Lee’s surrender, 30, 44
of r
etribution for assassination, 76
of Seward, 43, 44, 45, 52, 70
of violence toward Copperheads, 86–87
Russell, Mary, 202
Russia, 93, 232
“Ruth,” 137
Saco, Me., 69, 83
Sacramento, 28, 34, 54
Saint Augustine, Fla., 80
Saint Helena Island, S.C., 47, 56, 65, 84, 88, 111, 264
Saint Louis, Mo., 81, 84
Saint Peter, Minn., 84
Salem, Mass., 12, 13, 14, 15–16, 22–23, 41, 47, 66, 95, 142, 147, 167, 168, 187, 210, 237, 268
Salt Lake City, 54
San Francisco, 10, 85, 116, 119, 122, 129, 147, 148, 162
San Francisco Elevator, 104, 108, 110, 111, 125–26, 139, 238, 241
Santa Fe, 55
Savannah, 14, 65, 76, 197, 201–2, 211, 258
Sawyer, Frederick, 49, 63, 115
Sayler’s Creek, battle of, 30
Schenck, Hattie, 34
Schurz, Carl, 100–101, 121, 122, 139, 245
Scotland, 92
Scottish immigrants, 163
scrapbooks, 161, 232
Sea Islands, S.C., 14, 65, 66, 190, 262, 270. See also Hilton Head Island; Saint Helena Island
second inaugural address, 11
as Calvinist, 103
and Civil War death toll, 194
Douglass on, 272–73
and God’s will, 35, 103, 137, 194, 255–56, 272–73
and justice, 137, 272–73
at Lincoln’s funeral, 163
and “malice toward none” and “charity for all,” 112, 136–37, 139, 153, 154, 159, 160, 163, 247, 255–56, 347n4, 355
and peace, 137, 255–56, 272–73
as relic, 231
and slavery, 35, 103, 129, 137, 194, 255–56, 272–73
Second South Carolina regiment, 17–18
segregation, 271, 274
sentimentalism, 100, 155, 193, 260, 277, 350n2
September 11, 2001, 5–7, 9
sermons: on assassination, 5, 68, 98, 99, 106–10, 131–32, 133–34, 136, 146, 178, 224
on death of loved ones, 201
at Lincoln’s funeral, 145, 163, 168, 175, 231–32
Seventeenth Maine regiment, 88, 126
Seward, Frederick, 4, 43, 44, 45, 46–47, 61, 124
Seward, William H., 113, 240
attacked by conspirators, 3, 4, 45, 46–47, 49, 61, 70, 124, 145, 160, 174, 263
British views of, 92
and Confederates, 75, 78, 79, 96, 234
lenience of, 91
rumors of death, 43, 44, 45, 52, 70
Seymour, Nathan, 41
Seymour, Thomas, 80
Shannon, Marmaduke, 75
Shepard, Julia, 34, 49, 64, 170
Sheridan, Philip, 22, 30, 43, 83
Sherman, William Tecumseh, 14, 31, 44, 79, 83, 98, 113, 121, 139
and Johnston, 141, 142–43, 158–59
Shields, Patrick, 80, 81
Shiner, Michael, 58–59
shock, as response to assassination, 4, 5, 7, 9, 10, 16, 46–48, 56–58, 59, 59, 62, 65, 66, 68, 90, 93, 97, 98, 101, 113, 116, 117, 146, 147, 168, 170, 175, 195, 199
as response to Confederate defeat, 33, 68, 183, as response to death of loved ones, 202
Shriver, Henry, 180
Sierra Leone, 55
silence, as response to assassination:
Confederates, 70, 74–75, 76, 82, 162
Copperheads, 83, 88, 90, 148, 162
mourners, 47, 63, 68, 100, 147, 161, 264
Simpson, Matthew, 134, 145–46, 163–64, 170
Sixteenth New York Cavalry, 160
slave holders. See planter classes
slavery: as cause of assassination, 108, 117, 118, 128–30, 131, 137–38, 227, 242, 246, 250–52, 272, 274
as cause of Civil War, 25, 28–29, 35, 40, 71, 73, 82–83, 108, 112–13, 128, 130–32, 137, 145, 194, 205, 237, 238, 251, 252, 262, 272–73
Confederates compare to defeat, 183–84, 247–48, 249–50, 266
and Johnson, 215, 219–20, 221–22
and Lincoln, 35, 79, 103, 108, 111, 129, 130, 137, 145, 194, 215, 218, 238, 250–52, 255–56, 273
and poor white southerners, 132–36, 221–22, 240
and reenslavement, 35–36, 50, 66, 73, 80, 99, 212–13, 217, 218–19, 244–45, 246–47, 263, 274
and second inaugural address, 35, 103, 129, 137, 194, 255–56, 272–73. See also abolitionists; African Americans; anti–slavery ideology; Douglass, Frederick; Emancipation Proclamation; proslavery ideology; second inaugural address
Slidell, John, 132
Smalls, Robert, 39
Smith, Eli, 89
Smith, Jennie, 200
Smith, John, 129
Smith, Kirby, 236, 240
songs, 197, 260. See also “John Brown’s Body”; “Star-Spangled Banner”
South Africa, 10
South Carolina, 17–18, 244, 268
African Americans in, 121, 219, 228, 241
Confederates in, 44, 45, 72, 77, 79, 82, 203, 249, 255, 257, 265. See also specific locations
Spain, 44. See also Cádiz
Spangler, Edman, 124, 263. See also conspirators
Spencer, Cornelia, 183–84, 204, 248
Spencer, Magnus, 204
Springfield, Ill., 134
Lincoln’s burial in, 143, 163–64, 170, 197, 207
Lincoln’s funeral in, 149, 150, 153
Stanton, Edwin, 22, 43, 46, 56, 87, 129
and Booth, 160
and Lincoln’s funeral, 163
at Petersen House, 5, 131
“Star-Spangled Banner” (song), 31
Starkey, Mary Ann, 57, 106
Stephens, Alexander, 28–29
Stickney, Lyman, 20
Stone, Eunice, 202
Stone, Kate, 79, 203, 215, 248, 250
Stonehouse, John, 45
Strong, George Templeton, 68, 145–46, 163
suffrage. See voting rights
suicide, 195, 202
as response to assassination, 187, 200
as response to Confederate defeat, 33, 184–85, 204, 205, 228, 249
Sumner, Charles, 71, 246–47
Surratt, John 124, 127, 263. See also conspirators
Surratt, Mary, 4, 124, 142, 257, 259, 263, 264, 265. See also conspirators
surrender: of Johnston, 113, 121, 141, 158–59, 161
of Kirby Smith, 236, 240
of Lee, 3, 23–24, 30–36, 41, 55, 66, 72, 73–74, 76, 81, 97, 116, 119–20, 133, 161, 184, 203–4, 212, 214, 215, 217, 248–49, 250–51, 255, 270, 271
of Richard Taylor, 164. See also Appomattox; mercy; Richmond: fall of; rumors
Swampscott, Mass., 86
Swanville, Pa., 150, 151
Switzerland, 93
Syracuse, N.Y., 200
Taft, Horatio Nelson, 213
Tallahassee, Fla., 97, 259
Taney, Roger, 219
Tanner, James, 45
Taylor, Douglass, 167
Taylor, Guy, 230
Taylor, Richard, 164
telegraph, 43
and assassination, 5, 44, 47, 52, 53, 54–56, 57, 129, 182
and capture of Davis, 225
and condolences, 92, 208
and Lincoln’s funeral, 161
and victory and defeat, 22, 26, 28, 31
Tennessee, 17, 26–27, 31, 32, 43, 45, 74, 80, 89, 182, 204, 242, 244, 248. See also specific locations
Tenth Louisiana Volunteers of African Descent, 196
Texas, 17, 30, 31, 32, 55, 78, 79, 203, 215, 244, 248, 274
Thacher, Henry, 34, 90, 107, 133, 159
Third U.S. Colored Troops, 235, 254
Thirteenth Amendment, 38, 266–67
Thirteenth Connecticut regiment, 121
Thirty-Sixth Ohio regiment, 162
Thirty-Sixth Wisconsin regiment, 229–30
Thomas, Ella, 166
Thomas, Jacob, 104, 136
Thomas, Martha,
176–77
Thompson, George, 40
Thompson, Jacob, 132
Thornton, Caroline, 248
Tilden, Samuel, 268
Tilghman, B. C., 234–45
time: distortion of, 33, 57, 73, 170, 185
and feeling of world stopping, 6, 8, 9, 32, 37, 170–71, 179, 180, 181, 185, 192, 203, 207, 327–28n8
Toombs, Robert, 132
Tozier, James, 89
trauma, of Mary Lincoln, 207–9
as response to assassination: 48–49, 99, 174, 176–77. See also shock; suicide
Treadway, Georgia, 106, 131, 221
Trenton, N.J., 83, 158
trial of assassins. See conspirators
Turner, Hannah, 140
Turney, Edmund, 219
Twenty-Eighth U.S. Colored Troops, 113
Twenty-Fifth U.S. Colored Troops, 56
Twenty-Fourth Michigan regiment, 89
Twenty-Second U.S. Colored Troops, 104, 146
Twenty-Seventh U.S. Colored Troops, 222, 244
Union League Club, 130
Unionists (in South), 17, 19, 28, 30, 33–34, 38, 57, 65, 71–72, 77, 80, 90, 100, 128, 134, 167, 180, 187, 214, 216, 222, 242, 278, 338n22
United States Colored Troops, 44, 56, 66, 104, 113, 125, 146, 222, 229, 235, 237, 244, 254
universality, idea of: and Lincoln’s funeral, 143, 148, 149, 162, 163, 165
and mourning, 5, 9–10, 62–64, 66, 72, 76, 82, 87, 90, 93, 102, 143, 148, 149, 163
and newspapers, 62
and Union victory, 29, 34. See also grief
Usher, John P., 139
Utah, 55. See also Salt Lake City
Venice, 28, 228
Vermont, 31, 105, 128, 132, 172, 187. See also Brattleboro
Vesey, Denmark, 39
Vicksburg, Miss., 76, 122
Vicksburg Whig, 75
Victoria (queen of England), 208
violence: between mourners and Copperheads, 66, 85–88, 86
by mourners toward Confederates, 80–82, 122
by whites toward African Americans, North, 84–85
by whites toward African Americans, South, 79–80, 217–18, 223–24, 235, 241, 244, 254, 258, 260, 261, 267–68, 269
Virginia: African Americans in, 57, 79, 111, 115, 128, 133, 186, 187, 218, 223, 241
Confederates in, 29, 32, 36, 41, 44, 74, 81, 116, 164, 166, 203, 204, 205, 223, 230, 242, 243, 247, 266
northerners in, 58, 79–80, 198–99
Union soldiers in, 9, 31, 36, 58, 63, 72, 101, 120, 133, 134, 162, 167, 182, 195, 196–97, 215, 260
Unionists in, 216. See also specific locations
voting rights: and African American men, 4, 13, 23, 38, 48, 214, 218–19, 222, 236, 238, 240, 241, 243–44, 246–47, 250, 251, 259, 262, 263, 267, 270, 272, 273, 291n36
and former Confederate men, 218, 236, 240, 243–44, 264. See also disfranchisement
Wadley, Sarah, 78–79, 247, 266