Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 2

by Michael Burlingame

  119. Bates to Lincoln, Washington, 5 July 1861, OR, II, 2:28.

  120. U.S. Statutes at Large, 12:326.

  121. Washington correspondence, 16 May, New York Tribune, 17 May 1861.

  122. George Lunt to Caleb Cushing, Newburyport, Massachusetts, 11 July 1861, Caleb Cushing Papers, DLC.

  123. Lincoln to Browning, Washington, 22 Sept. 1861, CWL, 4:532.

  124. Dr. Henry Howard Furness, paraphrasing Lincoln, in Henry C. Whitney, Life on the Circuit with Lincoln, ed. Paul M. Angle (Caldwell, ID: Caxton, 1940), 332.

  125. Garrett Davis to George D. Prentice, Baltimore, 28 Apr. 1861, Louisville Journal, 2 May, copied in the New York Tribune, 5 May 1861.

  126. Washington correspondence by John W. Forney, 11 Sept., Philadelphia Press, 12 Sept. 1861.

  127. Reminiscences of John W. Forney in a lecture delivered in November 1865 before the Ladies’ Soldiers’ Aid Society of Weldon, Pennsylvania, New York Evening Post, 30 Nov. 1865.

  128. W. L. Underwood to an unidentified correspondent in St. Louis, n.p., n.d., New York Times, 11 May 1861.

  129. Philadelphia Evening Bulletin, 2 Jan. 1890.

  130. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 19 (entry for 6 May 1861).

  131. CWL, 4:428.

  132. Buckner, public letter dated 12 September 1861, in the Clarksville Jeffersonian, 13 Sept. 1861, quoted in Robert McNutt McElroy, Kentucky in the Nation’s History (New York: Moffat, Yard, 1909), 536; Lincoln to Buckner, Washington, 10 July 1861, CWL, 4:444.

  133. Joshua F. Speed to Lincoln, Louisville, 2 June 1861, Robert Anderson Papers, DLC.

  134. Speed to Holt, Louisville, 7 Sept. 1861, Holt Papers, DLC.

  135. McClellan to Lincoln, Cincinnati, 30 May 1861, Stephen W. Sears, ed., The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan: Selected Correspondence, 1860–1865 (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1989), 28.

  136. R. W. Johnson, A Soldier’s Reminiscences in Peace and War (Philadelphia: J. B. Lippincott, 1886), 172–173.

  137. Lincoln to Magoffin, Washington, 24 Aug. 1861, CWL, 4:497.

  138. Jackson to Simon Cameron, Jefferson City, Missouri, 17 Apr. 1861, OR, III, 1:83.

  139. Cameron to Lyon, 30 Apr. 1861, OR, I, 1:675

  140. Charles Gibson to “My dear Sir,” Washington, 13 May 1861, Gibson Papers, Missouri Historical Society.

  141. Lorenzo Thomas to Harney, Washington, 27 May 1861, CWL, 4:387.

  142. Lincoln to Blair, Washington, 18 May 1861, ibid., 4:372.

  143. Various reminiscences of Francis Pierpont, typescripts, Pierpont Papers, West Virginia University.

  144. OR, I, 2, 1:723.

  145. Herbert Clifford Francis Bell, Lord Palmerston (2 vols.; London: Longmans, Green, 1936), 2:275.

  146. Charles Sumner quoting Seward, Edward Everett journal, 23 Aug. 1861, Everett Papers, MHi.

  147. Seward to Weed, 23 Nov. 1837, in Thurlow Weed Barnes, Life of Thurlow Weed Including His Autobiography and a Memoir (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1883–1884), 1:62.

  148. Edouard de Stoeckl to Alexander Gortchakov, Washington, 6 May 1861, dispatch 30, photocopy, Principal Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russian Reproductions, Papers of the Foreign Copying Project, DLC; Albert A. Woldman, Lincoln and the Russians (Cleveland: World, 1952), 62.

  149. Paul Revere Frothingham, Edward Everett: Orator and Statesman (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1925), 433.

  150. John D. Defrees to Josiah G. Holland, Washington, 8 Aug. 1865, in Allen C. Guelzo, ed., “Holland’s Informants: The Construction of Josiah Holland’s ‘Life of Abraham Lincoln’,” Journal of the Abraham Lincoln Association 23 (2002):46.

  151. William H. Seward to Charles F. Adams, 21 May 1861, draft, AL MSS DLC.

  152. Charles Francis Adams diary, 10 June 1861, MHi.

  153. J. C. Levenson, ed., The Letters of Henry Adams (6 vols.; Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1982–1988), 1:239.

  154. Sumner to Richard Henry Dana, Washington, 30 June 1861, Beverly Wilson Palmer, ed., The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner (2 vols.; Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1990), 2:73

  155. Benjamin Perley Poore in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, 223; Schurz, Reminiscences, 2:240–241.

  156. William B. Wilson, A Few Acts and Actors in the Tragedy of the Civil War in the United States (Philadelphia: by the author, 1892), 111.

  157. Lincoln to Oliver P. Morton, Washington, 29 Sept. 1861, CWL, 4:541.

  158. Blair to Cameron, 2 June 1861, in David W. Miller, Second Only to Grant: Quartermaster General Montgomery C. Meigs, A Biography (Shippensburg, PA: White Mane Books, 2000), 95.

  159. Lincoln to Scott, Washington, 5 June 1861, CWL, 4:394.

  160. Scott to Lincoln, Washington, 5 June 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  161. Meigs diary, 29 July 1861, copy, Nicolay Papers, DLC.

  162. Gibbs to John Austin Stevens, Washington, 25, 29 July [1861], and “Memoranda,” [Aug. 1861], John Austin Stevens Papers, New-York Historical Society.

  163. Washington correspondence, 18 April, Philadelphia Inquirer, 19 Apr. 1861.

  164. Washington correspondence, 13 May, New York Tribune, 14 May 1861.

  165. Browning to John C. Bagby, Washington, 26 Feb. 1862, Bagby Papers, IHi.

  166. Washington correspondence, 16 May, New York Herald, 17 May 1861; New York Tribune, 16 May 1861; Washington correspondence, 15, 17 May, New York Times, 16, 18 May 1861.

  167. Lincoln to E. D. Morgan, Washington, 20 May 1861, CWL, 4:375.

  168. Rush Hawkins’s reminiscences, Margaret B. Stillwell, ed., “Hawkins of the Hawkins Zouaves,” in Deoch Fulton, ed., Bookmen’s Holiday, Notes and Studies Written in Tribute to Harry Miller Lydenberg (New York: New York Public Library, 1943), 96.

  169. Washington correspondence by “Leo,” 19 August, New York Times, 21 Aug. 1861.

  170. Schurz, Reminiscences, 2:242.

  171. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 20 (entry for 7 May 1861).

  172. Washington correspondence, 30 May, New York Tribune, 31 May 1861.

  173. Washington correspondence by “Indiana” [John D. Defrees], 9 July, Cincinnati Commercial, 12 July 1861; Defrees in Francis B. Carpenter, The Inner Life of Abraham Lincoln: Six Months at the White House (New York: Hurd and Houghton, 1867), 126–127.

  174. Washington correspondence, 4 July, Philadelphia Press, 5 July 1861.

  175. Washington correspondence, 6 July, Ohio State Journal (Columbus), 10 July 1861.

  176. Washington correspondence by “Au Revoir,” 20 July, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 25 July 1861.

  177. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 20 (entry for 7 May 1861).

  178. CWL, 4:360.

  179. Ibid., 4:421–441.

  180. Washington correspondence, 10 July, Chicago Evening Journal, 13 July 1861.

  181. Washington correspondence, 5 July, New York World, 8 July 1861.

  182. Washington correspondence by Sigma, 6 July, Cincinnati Commercial, 11 July 1861.

  183. Henry Winter Davis to Samuel Francis Du Pont, [Washington], [ca. 5 July 1861], transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware; James H. Campbell to his wife, Washington, 5 and 6 July 1861, Campbell Papers, Schoff Civil War Collection, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.

  184. Washington correspondence, 12 July, London Times, 29 July 1861.

  185. Washington correspondence, 9 July, Cincinnati Commercial, n.d., copied in the Chicago Tribune, 15 July 1861.

  186. New York Tribune, 6 July 1861.

  187. Providence Journal, 6 July 1861.

  188. Benjamin Brown French to Henry Flagg French, Washington, 5 July 1861, French Family Papers, DLC.

  189. Curtis to John J. Pinkerton, North Shore, New York, 9 July 1861, Edward Cary, George William Curtis (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1894), 147.

  190. Harper’s Weekly, 20 July 1861.

  191. Nicholas B. Wainwright, ed., A Philadelphia Perspective: The Diary of Sidney George Fisher Coveri
ng the Years, 1834–1871 (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1967), 396, 410–411 (entries for 6 July, 5 Dec. 1861).

  192. Motley to his wife, Woodland Hill, 23 June 1861, George William Curtis, ed., The Correspondence of John Lothrop Motley (2 vols.; New York: Harper & Brothers, 1889), 1:395.

  193. Motley to the duchess of Argyll, Vienna, 27 May 1865, Curtis, ed., Correspondence of John Lothrop Motley, 2:77.

  194. New York World, 6 July 1861.

  195. Ohio State Journal (Columbus), 6 July 1861.

  196. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 13 July 1861.

  197. London Spectator, 20 July 1861, copied in The Living Age (Boston), 24 Aug. 1861, 496; London Times, n.d., copied in the Boston Journal, 2 Aug. 1861.

  198. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 9 July 1861; Douglass’ Monthly 4 (Aug. 1861): 497.

  199. Dubuque, Iowa, Herald, 10 July 1861, quoted in John Thomas Hubbell, “The Northern Democracy and the Crisis of Disunion, 1860–1861” (Ph.D. dissertation, University of Illinois, 1969), 242.

  200. Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, 1st Session, 68 (11 July 1861).

  201. William Parr to S. S. Cox, Linville, Ohio, 9 July 1861, Cox Papers, RPB.

  202. New Orleans Bulletin, 8 July 1861, copied in the Providence Journal, 17 July 1861.

  203. Philadelphia Daily News, New York Times, 6 July 1861.

  204. Howe to Horace Rublee, Washington, 3 July 1861, Howe Papers, Wisconsin Historical Society.

  205. Lyman Trumbull to his wife Julia, Washington, 14 July 1861, Trumbull Family Papers, IHi.

  206. James W. Grimes to William P. Fessenden, Washington, [day not indicated] May 1861, copy, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.

  207. New York Daily News, 12 July 1864.

  208. Higginson to Louisa Higginson, 23 Aug. 1861, Mary Thacher Higginson, ed., Letters and Journals of Thomas Wentworth Higginson, 1846–1906 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1921), 157–158.

  209. Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 16 Oct. 1861.

  210. Washington correspondence by Rolla, n.d., Cleveland Plain Dealer, 29 Nov. 1861.

  211. Washington correspondence by Edward Dicey, n.d., London Spectator, n.d., quoted in Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 17 May 1862.

  212. Washington correspondence, 6 Jan., Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 10 Jan. 1862, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist, 188.

  213. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 5 Feb., Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 8 Feb. 1862.

  214. Henry L. Dawes to his wife, Washington, 17 Jan. 1862, Dawes Papers, DLC.

  215. Frank Leslie’s Illustrated Newspaper, 1 Feb. 1862; Manton Marble to Martin B. Anderson, New York, 11 June 1861, Anderson Papers, University of Rochester.

  216. Manton Marble to Martin B. Anderson, New York, 1 Aug. 1861, Anderson Papers, University of Rochester.

  217. William M. Dickson to Friedrich Hassaurek, Cincinnati, 25 Dec. 1861, Hassaurek Papers, Ohio Historical Society.

  218. A. Mann, Jr., to E. B. Washburne, New York, 1 May 1862, Washburne Papers, DLC; A. Mann, Jr., to Lyman Trumbull, New York, 18 Jan. 1862, Trumbull Papers, DLC.

  219. John P. Crawford to Lincoln, New York, 10 Aug. 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  220. Washington correspondence, 26 Aug., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 31 Aug. 1861.

  221. Charles Eliot Norton to Henry W. Bellows, Newport, 25 Aug. 1861, Bellows Papers, MHi

  222. James A. Hamilton, Reminiscences of James A. Hamilton; or, Men and Events, At Home and Abroad, during Three Quarters of a Century (New York: C. Scribner, 1869), 477.

  223. New York Evening Post, 29 Apr. 1861.

  224. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 11 (entry for 25 Apr. 1861).

  225. Message to Congress, 4 July 1861, CWL, 4:427.

  226. Frank E. Brownell, “Ellsworth’s Career,” Philadelphia Weekly Times, 18 June 1881.

  227. W. W. Orme to David Davis, Washington, 11 May 1861, David Davis Papers, IHi.

  228. Washington correspondence, 24 May, New York Tribune and New York Herald, 25 May 1861.

  229. “Stories of Lincoln,” New York Mail and Express, 11 Feb. 1899, p. 11.

  230. John A. Kasson in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Abraham Lincoln, 378.

  231. Frank Brownell, quoted in Frank G. Carpenter, “Col. Ellsworth,” Washington correspondence, 25 May, Los Angeles Times, 4 June 1887; St. Louis Post-Dispatch, 24 May 1901.

  232. [Hay], “Ellsworth,” Atlantic Monthly, July 1861, 124.

  233. Lincoln to Ephraim and Phoebe Ellsworth, Washington, 25 May 1861, CWL, 4:385–386.

  234. Harper’s Weekly, 4 May 1861.

  235. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 16 (entry for 1 May 1861).

  236. Alexander K. Randall to Lincoln, Madison, Wisconsin, 6 May 1861, OR, III, 1:168–169.

  237. Henry L. Dawes to his wife, Washington, 15 July 1861, Dawes Papers, DLC; Chase to Alphonso Taft, Washington, 28 Apr. 1861, John Niven, ed., The Salmon P. Chase Papers (5 vols.; Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1993–1998), 3:63.

  238. Halstead to Timothy C. Day, Washington, 11 June 1861, in Sarah J. Day, The Man on a Hill Top (Philadelphia: Ware Brothers, 1931), 245.

  239. Timothy C. Day to Murat Halstead, Cincinnati, 13 June 1861, Halstead Papers, Cincinnati Historical Society.

  240. Henry L. Dawes to his wife, Washington, 15 July 1861, Dawes Papers, DLC.

  241. Edouard de Stoeckl to Alexander Gortchakov, Washington, 6 May 1861, dispatch 30, photocopy, Principal Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russian Reproductions, Papers of the Foreign Copying Project, DLC; Woldman, Lincoln and the Russians, 61.

  242. William P. Fessenden to J. S. Pike, Portland, 8 Sept. 1861, Pike Papers, DLC.

  243. New York Times, 18, 20, 21, 22 Apr. 1861.

  244. Indianapolis Journal, 1 May 1861.

  245. New York Tribune, 26 June 1861.

  246. William A. Croffut, An American Procession, 1855–1914: A Personal Chronicle of Famous Men (Boston: Little, Brown, 1931), 123.

  247. George T. M. Davis to Prosper M. Wetmore, New York, 1 May 1861, in Stevens, Union Defence Committee, 153–155.

  248. John L. Motley to his wife, Washington, 20 June 1861, Curtis, ed., Correspondence of Motley, 1:382.

  249. Scott to McClellan, Washington, 3 May 1861, OR, I, 51, 1:369–370.

  250. Colfax to Greeley, South Bend, Indiana, [14?] June 1861, Greeley Papers, DLC.

  251. Edouard de Stoeckl to Alexander Gortchakov, Washington, 3 July 1861, dispatch 46, photocopy, Principal Archive of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Russian Reproductions, Papers of the Foreign Copying Project, DLC.

  252. Meigs to Seward, 13 May 1861, in Miller, Second Only to Grant, 93.

  253. Adam Gurowski, Diary (3 vols.; Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1862–1866), 1:47 (entry for May 1861).

  254. United States Congress, Report of the Joint Committee on the Conduct of the War (3 vols.; Washington, DC, 1863), 2:38.

  255. Meigs diary, 29 June 1861, copy, Nicolay Papers, DLC.

  256. John Bigelow diary, New York Public Library (entry for 3 July 1861).

  257. Reminiscences of Gary W. Hazleton, Edward S. Bragg Papers, Palmer Collection, Western Reserve Historical Society, copy, Nevins Papers, Columbia University.

  258. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 21 July 1861, Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 51.

  259. Dahlgren diary, copy, Nicolay Papers, DLC (entry for 21 July 1861).

  260. Mendell to Lorenzo Thomas, Centreville, 4 P.M.., 21 July 1861, OR, I, 2:747.

  261. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 21 July 1861, Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 52.

  262. Bill Arp, Bill Arp, So Called: A Side Show of the Southern Side of the War (New York: Metropolitan Record, 1866), 93.

  263. B. S. Alexander to ?, 21 July 1861, OR, I, 2:747.

  264. McDowell to E. D. Townsend, Fairfax Court House, 21 July 1861, OR, I, 2:316.

  265. E. B. Washburne t
o his wife, Washington, 22 July 1861, Washburn Family Papers, Washburn Memorial Library, Norlands, Maine.

  266. Robert L. Wilson to William H. Herndon, Sterling, Illinois, 10 Feb. 1866, in Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 207.

  267. Washington correspondence by John Hay, 22 July, New York World, 24 July 1861, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist, 78.

  268. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:485 (entry for 22 July 1861).

  269. William A. Richardson, remarks in the House of Representatives, 24 July and 1 August 1861, Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, 1st Session, 246, 387. Washburne told a similar story to his wife. Washburne to his wife, Washington, 22 July 1861, Washburn Family Papers, Washburn Memorial Library, Norlands, Maine.

  270. Henry Winter Davis to Sophie Du Pont, Baltimore, 4 Aug. 1861, and to S. F. Du Pont, Long Branch, NJ, 21 Aug. 1861, transcripts, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware.

  271. Manton Marble to Martin B. Anderson, New York, 1 Aug. 1861, Martin B. Anderson Papers, University of Rochester.

  272. New York Herald, 22 July 1861; Chicago Evening Journal, 20 Aug. 1861.

  273. Stanton to Buchanan, 26 July 1861, in George C. Gorham, Life and Public Services of Edwin M. Stanton (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1899), 1:223.

  274. Leonard Swett to his wife Laura, Washington, 6 August 1861, David Davis Papers, IHi.

  275. Lyman Trumbull to James R. Doolittle, Lakeside, Connecticut, 31 Aug. 1861, typescript, Doolittle Papers, Wisconsin State Historical Society.

  276. Lyman Trumbull to his wife Julia, Washington, 28 July 1861, Trumbull Family Papers, IHi.

  277. Charles Capen McLaughlin et al., eds., The Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted (6 vols.; Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1977–1992), 4:138.

  278. I[srael] D. Andrews to Samuel J. Tilden, Washington, 18 Aug. 1861, Tilden Papers, New York Public Library.

  279. Bellows to Charles Eliot Norton, Walpole, New Hampshire, 21 Aug. 1861, Charles Eliot Norton Papers, Harvard University.

  280. E. Peshine Smith to Henry C. Carey, Rochester, 17 Aug. 1861, Henry C. Carey Papers in the Edward Carey Gardiner Collection, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.