Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 2

by Michael Burlingame

  281. Usher to Samuel J. Tilden, Terre Haute, 17 Aug. 1861, Tilden Papers, New York Public Library.

  282. Greeley to Moncure D. Conway, New York, 17 Aug. 1861, Conway Papers, Columbia University.

  283. New York Tribune, 23 July 1861.

  284. Greeley to Moncure D. Conway, New York, 17 Aug. 1861, Conway Papers, Columbia University.

  285. Greeley to Lincoln, New York, 29 July 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  286. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 193 (entry for 30 Apr. 1864).

  287. Washington correspondence, 29 Aug. New York Tribune, 30 Aug. 1861.

  288. Washington correspondence, n.d., Philadelphia Gazette, n.d., copied in the Chicago Tribune, 28 Sept. 1861.

  289. Washington correspondence, 10 Sept., Philadelphia Press, 11 Sept. 1861; Philadelphia Daily News, 13 Sept. 1861.

  290. Washington correspondence, [28 Aug.], New York Times, 29 Aug. 1861.

  291. Providence Journal, 27 July 1861.

  292. George William Curtis to Charles Eliot Norton, North Shore, New York, 29 July, 19 Aug. 1861, Curtis Papers, Harvard University.

  293. George P. Goff to Nicolay, Washington, 9 Feb. 1889, Nicolay Papers, DLC.

  294. John Hay, “The Heroic Age in Washington,” 1871 lecture, in Michael Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 126.

  295. James T. Du Bois and Gertrude S. Mathews, Galusha A. Grow, Father of the Homestead Law (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1917), 250.

  296. Washington correspondence, 5 Aug., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 10 Aug. 1861.

  297. Thompson “Abraham Lincoln,” manuscript, Thompson Papers, LMF, in Charles Roll, Colonel Dick Thompson: The Persistent Whig (Indianapolis: Indiana Historical Bureau, 1948), 174.

  298. Walt Whitman, Specimen Days, in Whitman, Complete Prose Works (Philadelphia: David McKay, 1892), 24–25.

  299. William T. Sherman, Memoirs of Gen. William T. Sherman (2 vols.; New York: C. L. Webster, 1892), 1:217–219.

  300. William Todd, The Seventy-Ninth Highlanders: New York Volunteers in the War of Rebellion, 1861–1865 (Albany, NY: Brandow, Barton, 1886), 53–54.

  301. CWL, 4:457–458.

  302. John Littlefield, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” lecture delivered in Brooklyn on 2 Dec. 1875, Brooklyn Daily Eagle, 3 Dec. 1875, p. 4.

  303. Hamilton, “A True Story of President Lincoln,” the New York Sun, n.d., reprinted in an unidentified newspaper clipping, LMF.

  304. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:537 (entry for 2 Apr. 1862).

  305. James Taussig to members of a committee of Missouri Radicals, Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 9 June 1863; William Howard Russell, My Diary North and South (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1863), 188 (entry for 26 Aug. 1861).

  306. Robert Patterson, A Narrative of the Campaign in the Valley of the Shenandoah in 1861 (Philadelphia: Sherman, 1865), 18–19.

  307. Washington correspondence, 29 July, New York Examiner, 1 Aug. 1861, Burlingame, ed., Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House, 16.

  Chapter 24. Sitzkrieg

  1. Richard Smith to Joseph H. Barrett, Cincinnati, 7 Aug. 1861, Lincoln Miscellaneous Collection, University of Chicago.

  2. Benjamin Brown French to his son Frank, Washington, 8 Dec. 1861, French Family Papers, DLC.

  3. Washington correspondence by John W. Forney, 1 Sept., Philadelphia Press, 12 Sept. 1861.

  4. William B. Wilson, A Few Acts and Actors in the Tragedy of the Civil War in the United States (Philadelphia: self-published, 1892), 111.

  5. McClellan to his wife, Washington, 27, 30 July, 9[10] Aug. 1861, in Stephen W. Sears, ed., The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan: Selected Correspondence, 1860–1865 (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1989), 70, 71, 82.

  6. OR, I, 2:197.

  7. McClellan to Lincoln, Washington, 2 Aug. 1861; McClellan to his wife, Washington, 2 Aug. 1861, in Sears, ed., Papers of McClellan, 74–75.

  8. Stephen W. Sears, George B. McClellan: The Young Napoleon (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1988), 111, 70.

  9. Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 7 July 1861, in Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860–1865 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 47; Washington correspondence, 5 July, New York Tribune, 6 July 1861.

  10. John D. Hayes, ed., Samuel Francis Du Pont: A Selection from his Civil War Letters (3 vols.; Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press, 1969), 1:94.

  11. Washington correspondence, 16 June, New York Times, 18 June 1861.

  12. McClellan to his wife, Washington, 11 Sept. 1861, Sears, ed., Papers of McClellan, 98.

  13. Nicolay memorandum, 20 Nov. 1861; Nicolay to Therena Bates, Washington, 21 November 1861, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 62.

  14. Washington correspondence, 21 Nov., New York World, 23 Nov. 1861.

  15. Stephen W. Sears, ed., For Country, Cause & Leader: The Civil War Journal of Charles B. Haydon (New York: Ticknor & Fields, 1993), 130 (entry for 21 Nov. 1861).

  16. McClellan to Scott, Beverly, VA, 18 July 1861, Sears, ed., Papers of McClellan, 60.

  17. McClellan to his wife, Washington, 8 Aug. 1861, Sears, ed., Papers of McClellan, 81.

  18. McClellan to his wife, Washington, 13 Oct. 1861, ibid., 107.

  19. Scott to Cameron, Washington, 12 August 1861, OR, I, 11, 3:6.

  20. Howard K. Beale and Alan W. Brownsword, eds., Diary of Gideon Welles, Secretary of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson [hereafter Welles Diary] (3 vols.; New York: W. W. Norton, 1960), 1:241–242 (entry for 25 Feb. 1863).

  21. Gideon Welles, undated typed memo, Welles Papers, CSmH.

  22. McClellan to his wife, Washington, 27 Sept. 1861, Sears, ed., Papers of McClellan, 103–104.

  23. Edward Everett journal, entry for 25 Sept. 1862, MHi.

  24. Chandler to his wife, Washington, 27 Oct. 1861, and St. Louis, 12 Oct. 1861, Chandler Papers, DLC.

  25. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 29 (entry for 26 Oct. 1861).

  26. Ibid., 28 (entry for 26 Oct. 1861).

  27. Order dated 1 Nov. 1861, Roy P. Basler et al., eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln [hereafter CWL] (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 5:10.

  28. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 30 (entry for [Nov. 1861]).

  29. Washington correspondence by John Hay, 26 October, Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 31 Oct. 1861, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist: John Hay’s Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860–1864 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998), 126.

  30. Henry M. Smith of the Chicago Tribune to “Bro. G.”, Washington, Friday [ca. 31 Oct. 1861], Charles Henry Ray Papers, CSmH.

  31. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 5 Nov., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 8 Nov. 1861.

  32. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 31 Oct., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 1 Nov. 1861; Washington correspondence, 28 Oct., New York World, 29 Oct. 1861; Washington correspondence by Ben: Perley Poore, 30 Oct., Boston Evening Journal, 1 Nov. 1861.

  33. Herndon to Lyman Trumbull, Springfield, 20 Nov. 1861, Trumbull Papers, DLC.

  34. John J. Bagby to Zachariah Chandler, Detroit, 6 Dec. 1861, Chandler Papers, DLC.

  35. Michael Burlingame, The Inner World of Abraham Lincoln (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1994), 182.

  36. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 32 (entry for 13 Nov. 1861).

  37. William H. Russell, My Diary North and South (Boston: T.O.H.P. Burnham, 1863), 552 (entry for 9 Oct. 1861).

  38. Comte de Paris diary, entry for 28 Sept. 1861, in Russel H. Beatie, The Army of the Potomac (3 vols.; Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Pre
ss, 2002–2007), 1:489.

  39. David Dixon Porter, “Journal of Occurrences during the War of the Rebellion,” vol. 1, 173–174, Porter Papers, DLC.

  40. Memorandum by C. C. Buel, New York, 23 Nov. 1885 (recalling the words uttered the previous evening by Horace Porter), Richard Watson Gilder Papers, New York Public Library.

  41. F. A. Mitchel to John Hay, East Orange, New Jersey, 3 Jan. 1889, Nicolay-Hay Papers, IHi.

  42. In 1869, Burnside told this story at a dinner party in London. Manuscript diary of Benjamin Moran, DLC (entry for 11 Dec. 1869).

  43. Bancroft to his wife, Washington, 16 Dec. 1861, Bancroft Papers, Cornell University.

  44. Sears, McClellan, 59.

  45. Nicholas B. Wainwright, ed., A Philadelphia Perspective: The Diary of Sidney George Fisher Covering the Years, 1834–1871 (Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1967), 443 (entry for 9 Dec. 1862).

  46. McClellan to his wife, Washington, [ca. 11 Oct. 1861], Sears, ed., Papers of McClellan, 106–107.

  47. Albert E. H. Johnson. “Reminiscences of the Hon. Edwin M. Stanton,” Columbia Historical Society Records 13 (1910):73.

  48. Sears, McClellan, 116–117.

  49. McClellan to S. L. M. Barlow, Washington, 8 Nov. 1861, Sears, ed., Papers of McClellan, 128.

  50. McClellan to his wife, Washington, 29 Sept. 1861, ibid., 104.

  51. OR, I, 5, 1:9–11.

  52. Sears, McClellan, 123.

  53. Joseph E. Johnston to W. H. C. Whiting, Manassas, 12 Sept. 1861, OR, I, 5:848.

  54. Washington correspondence by John Hay, 22 Oct., Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 27 October 1861, in Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist, 122.

  55. James Roman Ward to his father, Baltimore, 24 Oct. 1861, photostatic copy, Civil War Papers, Maryland Historical Society.

  56. Stoddard, “White House Sketches No. 6,” New York Citizen, 22 Sept. 1866, in William O. Stoddard, Inside the White House in War-Times: Memoirs and Reports of Lincoln’s Secretary, ed. Michael Burlingame (1890; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2000), 166–167.

  57. Rush C. Hawkins, Hawkins of the Hawkins Zouaves, ed. Margaret Bingham Still-well, in Bookman’s Holiday: Notes and Studies Written and Gathered in Tribute to Harry Miller Lydenberg (New York: New York Public Library, 1943), 96.

  58. George Gibbs to John Austin Stevens, Washington, 25 Oct. 1861, Stevens Papers, New-York Historical Society.

  59. Noah Brooks, “Personal Recollections of Lincoln,” in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 215.

  60. Weed to Seward, Albany, 27 Oct. 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  61. Benjamin Welch, Jr., to George G. Fogg, New York, 22 Oct. 1861, Fogg Papers, New Hampshire Historical Society.

  62. Stanton to John A. Dix, Washington, 26 Oct. 1861, Dix Papers, Columbia University.

  63. Washington correspondence, 7 Oct., New York Examiner, 10 Oct. 1861, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House: The Anonymous Civil War Journalism of Presidential Secretary William O. Stoddard (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), 32.

  64. Washington correspondence, 12 Sept., Chicago Evening Journal, 16 Sept. 1861.

  65. Washington correspondence by Stoddard, 14 Oct., New York Examiner, 17 Oct. 1861, Burlingame, ed., Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House, 36.

  66. Washington correspondence, 3 Nov., Chicago Evening Journal, 6 Nov. 1861.

  67. Nicolay, memorandum, 2 Oct. 1861, in Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House, 59.

  68. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 123 (entry for 9 Dec. 1863).

  69. Pope to Valentine B. Horton, St. Louis, 22 Aug. 1861, Pope Papers, New-York Historical Society.

  70. Reminiscences of Emil Preetorius, in Ida M. Tarbell, The Life of Abraham Lincoln (2 vols.; New York: McClure, Phillips, 1900), 2:61–62n.

  71. George Wilkes to the editor, Washington, 18 Aug., New York Times, 20 Aug. 1861.

  72. Scott to Frémont, Washington, 23 Sept. 1861, OR, I, 3:185.

  73. Louisville Courier, n.d., copied in the Cincinnati Commercial, 3 Sept. 1861.

  74. Speed to Lincoln, Cincinnati, 1 Sept. 1861, and Louisville, 3 Sept. 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  75. Speed to Joseph Holt, Louisville, 7 Sept. 1861, Holt Papers, DLC.

  76. Robert Anderson to Lincoln, Louisville, 13 Sept. 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  77. London Economist, n.d., copied in The Liberator (Boston), 18 Nov. 1861.

  78. Blair to Sumner, 16 Oct. 1861, in James Ford Rhodes, History of the United States from the Compromise of 1850 (4 vols.; New York: Harper & Brothers, 1893–1899), 3:478.

  79. Lincoln to Frémont, Washington, 2 Sept. 1861, CWL, 4:506.

  80. Frémont to Lincoln, [St. Louis], 8 Sept. 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  81. John Russell to Lyman Trumbull, Bluefield, Illinois, 17 Dec. 1861, Trumbull Papers, DLC.

  82. Washington correspondence, 11 Sept., Chicago Tribune, 12 Sept. 1861.

  83. Auburn Northern In dependent, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 18 Oct. 1861.

  84. Douglass’s Monthly 4 (Oct. 1861): 531.

  85. The Liberator (Boston), 20 Sept. 1861.

  86. National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 28 Sept. 1861.

  87. Lowell to Jane Norton, Cambridge, MA, 28 Sept. 1861, Charles Eliot Norton, ed., Letters of James Russell Lowell (2 vols.; New York: Harper & Brothers, 1894), 1:314.

  88. Horace Elisha Scudder, James Russell Lowell: A Biography (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1901), 2:29.

  89. B. Rush Plumly to Chase, St. Louis, 15 Sept. 1861, Chase Papers, DLC.

  90. Fessenden to James W. Grimes, Portland, 26 Sept. 1861, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.

  91. Fessenden to J. S. Pike, Portland, 8 Sept. 1861, Pike Papers, DLC.

  92. Wade to Zachariah Chandler, Jefferson, Ohio, 23 Sept. 1861, Chandler Papers, DLC.

  93. Gerrit Smith, speech at Peterboro, New Hampshire, 22 Sept. 1861, New York Tribune, 28 Sept., copied in The Liberator (Boston), 11 Oct. 1861.

  94. Sumner to Francis Lieber, Boston, 17 Sept. 1861, Beverly Wilson Palmer, ed., The Selected Letters of Charles Sumner (2 vols.; Boston: Northeastern University Press, 1990), 2:79.

  95. Lydia Maria Child to John Greenleaf Whittier, Wayland, Massachusetts, 21 Jan. 1862 and 22 Sept. 1861, Child Papers, Microfiche edition, ed., Milton Meltzer and Patricia G. Holland.

  96. Bancroft to his wife, [New York], 14 Sept. 1861, Bancroft Papers, Cornell University.

  97. Medill to Chase, Chicago, 15 Sept. 1861, John Niven, ed., The Salmon P. Chase Papers (5 vols.; Kent, Ohio: Kent State University Press, 1993–1998), 3:97–98.

  98. Chicago Tribune, 16 Sept., copied in the Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 17 Sept. 1861.

  99. J. H. Cooper to John F. Potter, Burlington, Wisconsin, 17 Sept. 1861, Potter Papers, Wisconsin State Historical Society.

  100. Saint Cloud (Minnesota) Democrat, 19 Sept. 1861, in Sylvia D. Hoffert, Jane Grey Swisshelm: An Unconventional Life, 1815–1884 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2004), 126.

  101. Ashtabula Sentinel, n.d., copied in The Liberator (Boston), 11 Oct. 1861.

  102. George Hoadly to Chase, Cincinnati, 18, 19 Sept. 1861, Chase Papers, DLC.

  103. Jacob Brinkerhoff to Chase, Warren, Ohio, 18 Sept. 1861, ibid.

  104. New York Herald, n.d., and Buffalo Courier, n.d., both copied in The Liberator (Boston), 27 Sept., 4 Oct. 1861.

  105. Thomas Ewing to Hugh Ewing, Lancaster, Ohio, 2 Nov. 1861, typescript, Ewing Family Papers, DLC.

  106. Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 17 Sept. 1861.

  107. Thomas Starr King to Henry W. Bellows, San Francisco, 18 Mar. 1862, Bellows Papers, MHi.

  108. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 123 (entry for 9 Dec. 1863).

  109. Josiah B. Grinnell, Men and Events of Forty Years: Autobiographical Reminiscences of an Active Career from 1850 to 1890 (Boston: D. Lothrop, 1
891), 174.

  110. Jessie B. Frémont to Thomas Starr King, Nahant, 16 Oct. 1863, The Letters of Jessie Benton Frémont, ed. Pamela Herr and Mary Lee Spence (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1993), 356.

  111. Elizabeth Blair Lee to Samuel Phillips Lee, Bethlehem, 17 Sept. 1861, Wartime Washington: The Civil War Letters of Elizabeth Blair Lee, ed. Virginia Jeans Laas (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1991), 79.

  112. Cincinnati Press, n.d., copied in the New York Evening Express, 6 Jan. 1862.

  113. Lincoln to Jessie Frémont, Washington, 12 Sept. 1861, CWL, 4:519.

  114. Excerpt from Jessie Benton Frémont’s “Great Events,” 1891, in Herr and Spence, eds., Letters of Jessie Benton Frémont, 265–266.

  115. Orville H. Browning to Lincoln, Quincy, 30 Apr. 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  116. Browning to Lincoln, Quincy, 17 Sept. 1861, ibid.

  117. Lincoln to Browning, Washington, 22 Sept. 1861, CWL, 4:531–532.

  118. Lincoln said this to Charles Edwards Lester. Lester, Life and Public Services of Charles Sumner (New York: United States Publishing Company, 1874), 359–360.

  119. Washington correspondence, 8 Sept., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 14 Sept. 1861.

  120. George William Curtis to Charles Eliot Norton, n.p., [late Aug. 1861], quoted in Norton to Henry W. Bellows, Newport, 25 Aug. 1861, Bellows Papers, MHi.

  121. Lincoln to David Hunter, Washington, 9 Sept. 1861, CWL, 4:513.

  122. Montgomery Blair to Lincoln, St. Louis, 14 Sept. 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  123. Elizabeth Blair Lee to Samuel Phillips Lee, Silver Spring, 22 Oct. 1861, in Laas, ed., Wartime Washington, 90n2.

  124. Meigs diary, 18 Sept. 1861, copy, Nicolay Papers, DLC.

  125. This is William P. Fessenden’s summary of a letter he received from a friend. Fessenden to James W. Grimes, Portland, 26 Sept. 1861, Fessenden Papers, Bowdoin College.

  126. Frémont to Edward D. Townsend, St. Louis, 16 Sept. 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  127. Thomas Ewing to Lincoln, Lancaster, Ohio, 17 Sept. 1861, ibid.

  128. Thomas Ewing to Hugh Ewing, Lancaster, Ohio, 2 Nov. 1861, typescript, Ewing Papers, DLC.

  129. Elizabeth Blair Lee to Samuel Phillips Lee, Philadelphia, 7 Oct. 1861, Laas, ed., Wartime Washington, 84.

  130. Thomas Wentworth Higginson to his mother, n.p., 1 Nov. 1861, in Mary Thatcher Higginson, ed., Letters and Journals of Thomas Wentworth Higginson, 1846–1906 (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1921), 160.