Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 2

by Michael Burlingame

  195. Hay to Mary Jay, Washington, 20 July 1862, in Michael Burlingame, ed., At Lincoln’s Side: John Hay’s Civil War Correspondence and Selected Writings (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 23.

  196. Niven, ed., Chase Papers, 1:348 (diary entry for 21 July 1862); CWL, 5:336–337.

  197. Carpenter, Inner Life of Abraham Lincoln, 21.

  198. Niven, ed., Chase Papers, 1:351 (diary entry for 22 July 1862).

  199. Stanton memo, 22 Sept. 1862, Stanton Papers, DLC.

  200. Benjamin Moran diary, 15 Sept. 1873, DLC.

  201. John Palmer Usher, President Lincoln’s Cabinet (Omaha: n.p., 1925), 17.

  202. Stanton memo, 22 Sept. 1862, Stanton Papers, DLC.

  203. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 23 Sept., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 27 Sept. 1862.

  204. Carpenter, Inner Life of Abraham Lincoln, 21–22.

  205. Norton to George William Curtis, Cambridge, 31 July 1862, Norton and Howe, eds., Letters of Charles Eliot Norton, 1:255.

  Chapter 28. “Would You Prosecute the War with Elder-Stalk Squirts, Charged with Rose Water?”

  1. James B. Newcomer to Henry S. Lane, Reading, Pennsylvania, 11 July [1862], typed copy, Lane Papers, InU.

  2. Washington correspondence by Sigma, 4 July, Cincinnati Gazette, 7 July 1862.

  3. David Davis to W. W. Orme, Lincoln, Illinois, 15 Oct. 1862, Orme Papers, IHi.

  4. Frederick Pike to J. S. Pike, Calais, 3 Aug. 1862, Pike Papers, University of Maine.

  5. Henry W. Bellows to Cyrus Augustus Bartol, Walpole, N. H., 18 Aug. 1862, Bellows Papers, MHi.

  6. Mahlon D. Ogden to James R. Doolittle, Chicago, 6 Aug. 1862, typescript, Doolittle Papers, State Historical Society of Wisconsin.

  7. Allan Nevins and Milton Halsey Thomas, eds., Diary of George Templeton Strong, 1835–1875 (4 vols.; New York: Macmillan, 1952), 3:244 (entry for 26 July 1862).

  8. Sherman Blocker to John Sherman, Wadsworth, Ohio, 23 Apr. 1862; Dr. J. H. Jordan to John Sherman, Cincinnati, 1 Jan. 1862, John Sherman Papers, DLC.

  9. Yates to Lincoln, Springfield, 11 July 1862, AL MSS DLC.

  10. Edward Lillie Pierce to N. P. Banks, Boston, 15 Sept. 1862, Banks Papers, DLC.

  11. George W. Bell to John Sherman, Lawrence, Kansas, 23 July 1862, John Sherman Papers, DLC.

  12. William P. Fessenden to J. S. Pike, Portland, 2 Aug. 1862, Pike Papers, University of Maine.

  13. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 22 July, Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 24 July 1862; Washington correspondence, 21 July, Cincinnati Gazette, 22 July 1862; Washington correspondence, 22 July, New York Evening Post, 23 July 1862.

  14. Lincoln to Cuthbert Bullitt, Washington, 28 July 1862, Roy P. Basler et al., eds., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln [hereafter CWL] (8 vols. plus index; New Brunswick, NJ: Rutgers University Press, 1953–1955), 5:346.

  15. Washington correspondence, n.d., New York Tribune, 5 Aug., copied in the New York Times, 6 Aug. 1862.

  16. T. J. Barnett to S. L. M. Barlow, Friday [25 Sept. 1862], Barlow Papers, CSmH.

  17. Washington Chronicle, 12 Nov. 1862, in Michael Burlingame, ed., With Lincoln in the White House: Letters, Memoranda, and Other Writings of John G. Nicolay, 1860–1865 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 2000), 91.

  18. Henry W. Halleck to Horatio Wright, Washington, 25 Aug., 18 Nov. 1862, OR, I, 16:421; I, 20, 2: 67–68.

  19. Washington correspondence, 4 Aug., New York Herald, 5 Aug. 1862.

  20. Frederick Law Olmsted to Lincoln, Chesapeake Bay, 6 July 1862, AL MSS DLC.

  21. New York correspondence, n.d., London Times, n.d., copied in the Chicago Tribune, 3 July 1862.

  22. Orville H. Browning to Lincoln, Quincy, Illinois, 11 Aug. 1862, AL MSS DLC.

  23. New York Commercial Advertiser, n.d., copied in the Providence Journal, 17 July 1862.

  24. Nevins and Thomas, eds., Strong Diary, 3:244–245, 246, 253 (entries for 4, 16 Aug., 4 Sept. 1862).

  25. John C. Henshaw to David Davis, Washington, 28 July 1862, David Davis Papers, IHi.

  26. J. B. Bond to James Watson Webb, New York, 6 Aug. 1862, Webb Papers, Sterling Library, Yale University; Henry W. Bellows to Edward Everett Hale, New York, 5 July 1862, Bellows Papers, MHi.

  27. John Appleton to W. P. Fessenden, Bangor, Maine, 22 Aug., 14 Dec. 1862, Fessenden Papers, Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland.

  28. [A. Finch?] to Zachariah Chandler, Milwaukee, 10 Sept. 1862, Chandler Papers, DLC.

  29. Israel Washburn to W. P. Fessenden, Augusta, Maine, 12 Sept. 1862, Fessenden Papers, Western Reserve Historical Society, Cleveland.

  30. Israel D. Andrews to David Davis, Washington, 16 July [1862], David Davis Papers, IHi.

  31. Diary of William T. Coggeshall, 26 Nov. 1863, in Freda Postle Koch, Colonel Coggeshall: The Man Who Saved Lincoln (Columbus, OH: Poko Press, 1985), 61.

  32. Theodore Calvin Pease and James G. Randall, eds., The Diary of Orville Hickman Browning (2 vols.; Springfield: Illinois State Historical Library, 1925–1933), 1:589 (entry for 29 Nov. 1862).

  33. Peter Cozzens and Robert I. Girardi, eds., The Military Memoirs of General John Pope (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1998), 124.

  34. Halleck to McClellan, St. Louis, 17 Feb. 1862, OR, I, 7:628.

  35. Washington correspondence, probably by Moncure Conway, 24 Jan., Boston Commonwealth, 31 Jan. 1863.

  36. Halleck to Lincoln, Corinth, 2 July 1862, OR, I, 16, 2:89.

  37. Halleck to Lincoln, Corinth, Mississippi, 10 July 1862, AL MSS DLC.

  38. Asa Mahan, A Critical History of the Late American War (New York: A. S. Barnes, 1877), 144–145.

  39. Lincoln to Halleck, Washington, 14 July 1862, CWL, 5:323.

  40. Halleck to McClellan, Washington, 30 July 1862, OR, I, 11, 3:343.

  41. McClellan to S.L.M. Barlow, Berkeley, 23 July 1862; McClellan to his wife Mary Ellen, 20 July 1862, Stephen W. Sears, ed., The Civil War Papers of George B. McClellan: Selected Correspondence, 1860–1865 (New York: Ticknor and Fields, 1989), 369, 368.

  42. McClellan’s Own Story: The War for the Union (New York: C. L. Webster, 1887), 137.

  43. Trumbull to his wife, Washington, 12 July 1862, Trumbull Family Papers, IHi.

  44. Washington correspondence, 27 July, Missouri Republican (St. Louis), n.d., clipping in scrapbook, Hay Papers, DLC, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist: John Hay’s Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860–1864 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998), 288; Jonathan Birch in Jesse W. Weik, The Real Lincoln: A Portrait, ed. Michael Burlingame (1922; Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), 134.

  45. Dennis Hanks, interview with William H. Herndon, Paris, Illinois, 26 Mar. 1888, in Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis, eds., Herndon’s Informants: Letters, Interviews, and Statements about Abraham Lincoln (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1998), 654.

  46. William Thompson Lusk to his mother, Headquarters of Stevens’ Division, 28 July 1862, in William Thompson Lusk, War Letters of William Thompson Lusk, Captain, Assistant Adjutant-General, United States Volunteers 1861–1863 (New York: Privately printed, 1911), 170.

  47. Harper’s Weekly, 9 Aug. 1862.

  48. Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist, 288.

  49. Grant to E. B. Washburne, 22 July 1862, John Y. Simon, ed., The Papers of Ulysses S. Grant (31 vols. to date; Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1967–), 5:226; Bates to Hamilton Gamble, 24 July 1862, in John F. Marszelek, Commander of All Lincoln’s Armies: A Life of Henry W. Halleck (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2004), 135.

  50. Marszelek, Halleck, 135.

  51. Washington correspondence, 29 Oct., Sacramento Daily Union, 26 Nov. 1863, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 75.

  52. Howard K. Beale and Alan W. Brownsword, eds., Diary of Gideon Welles, Secreta
ry of the Navy under Lincoln and Johnson (3 vols.; New York: W. W. Norton, 1960), 1:107, 320, 444 (entries for 3 Sept. 1862, 2 June and 26 Sept. 1863).

  53. Chase to his daughter Kate, Washington, 13 July 1862, John Niven, ed., The Salmon P. Chase Papers (5 vols.; Kent, OH: Kent State University Press, 1993–1998), 3:227.

  54. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:563 (entry for 25 July 1862).

  55. Halleck to Elizabeth Hamilton Halleck, Washington, 9 Aug. 1862, Schoff Civil War Collection, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.

  56. Washington correspondence, n.d., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, n.d., copied in the Providence Journal, 11 Aug. 1862.

  57. Halleck to Elizabeth Hamilton Halleck, Washington, 9 Aug. 1862, Schoff Civil War Collection, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.

  58. Nevins and Thomas, eds., Strong Diary, 3:246 (entry for 16 Aug. 1862).

  59. Swett to his wife, Washington, [31?] July 1862, David Davis Papers, IHi.

  60. Memorandum of Interviews between Lincoln and Officers of the Army of the Potomac, 8–9 July 1862, CWL, 5:309–311.

  61. Madeleine Vinton Dahlgren, Memoir of John A. Dahlgren, Rear-Admiral United States Navy (Boston: J. R. Osgood, 1882), 379.

  62. Niven, ed., Chase Papers, 1:366 (diary entry for 19 Aug. 1862).

  63. Halleck to Elizabeth Hamilton Halleck, Washington, 9 Aug. 1862, Schoff Civil War Collection, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.

  64. Address of 14 July 1862, OR, I, 12, 3:474.

  65. Haupt to his wife, Washington, 17 and 18 July 1862, typed copies, Lewis Haupt Papers, DLC.

  66. James M. McPherson, Battle Cry of Freedom: The Civil War Era (New York: Oxford University Press, 1988), 501.

  67. Washington correspondence, 12 Aug., New York Tribune, 13 Aug. 1862.

  68. Henry Winter Davis to Samuel Francis Du Pont, [Baltimore], 20 Nov. 1862, transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware.

  69. Edwin B. [Munger?] to [Israel] Washburn, [Anna?], 11 Sept. 1862, Israel Washburn Papers, DLC.

  70. John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Abraham Lincoln: A History (10 vols.; New York: Century, 1890), 6:15n.

  71. Hugh Ewing to his father, Thomas Ewing, Camp at Upton’s Hill, Virginia, 5 Sept. 1862, Ewing Family Papers, DLC.

  72. McClellan to his wife, Alexandria, 29 Aug. 1862, Sears, ed., McClellan Papers, 419.

  73. McClellan to Lincoln, near Alexandria, 20 Aug. 1862, ibid., 416.

  74. McClellan to his wife, Alexandria, 29 Aug. 1862, ibid., 417.

  75. CWL, 5:399.

  76. Michael Burlingame and John R. Turner Ettlinger, eds., Inside Lincoln’s White House: The Complete Civil War Diary of John Hay (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1997), 37 (entry for 1 Sept. 1862).

  77. Adams S. Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, n.p., n.d., Gay Papers, Columbia University.

  78. Halleck to McClellan, Washington, 31 Aug. 1862, Army of the Potomac: Report of Maj.-Gen. George B. McClellan, Aug. 4,1863 (New York: Sheldon, 1864), 346.

  79. McClellan to Halleck, near Alexandria, 31 Aug. 1862, Sears, ed., McClellan Papers, 426.

  80. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 37-38 (entry for 1 Sept. 1862).

  81. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:113, 116 (entries for 7, 8 Sept. 1862).

  82. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:589 (entry for 29 Nov. 1862).

  83. Washington correspondence by Horace White, 23 Jan., Chicago Tribune, 28 Jan. 1863.

  84. [Porter] to Manton Marble, n.p, 10 Aug. 1862, Manton Marble Papers, DLC.

  85. McClellan to his wife, Berkeley, 10 Aug. 1862, Sears, ed., McClellan Papers, 389.

  86. Washington correspondence, 26 Jan., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 31 Jan. 1863.

  87. Washington correspondence by Van [D. W. Bartlett], 28 Jan., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 30 Jan. 1863.

  88. Washington correspondence, 4 Sept., Chicago Tribune, 9 Sept. 1862; Adams S. Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, Washington, 4 Sept. 1862, Gay Papers, Columbia University; Washington correspondence, 8 Sept., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 13 Sept. 1862.

  89. Adams S. Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, Washington, 8, 12 Sept. 1862, Gay Papers, Columbia University.

  90. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 40 (entry for [mid-Sept. 1862?]).

  91. Sears, McClellan, 254-255.

  92. A photographic reproduction of that document appears in Frank Abial Flower, Edwin McMasters Stanton: The Autocrat of Rebellion, Emancipation, and Reconstruction (New York: W. W. Wilson, 1905), between pages 190 and 191.

  93. Pope to Halleck, Centreville, 1 Sept. 1862, OR, I, 12 3:83.

  94. Nevins and Thomas, eds., Strong Diary, 3:259 (entry for 24 Sept. 1862).

  95. Bates memo, added to a copy of the memo about McClellan to Lincoln from Edwin M. Stanton, Salmon P. Chase, Caleb B. Smith, and Edward Bates, [2 Sept. 1862], AL MSS DLC.

  96. Niven, ed., Chase Papers, 1:368–369 (diary entry for 2 Sept. 1862); Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:105 (entry for 2 Sept. 1862).

  97. Ibid.

  98. Bates memo, added to a copy of the memo about McClellan to Lincoln from Edwin M. Stanton, Salmon P. Chase, Caleb B. Smith, and Edward Bates, [2 Sept. 1862], AL MSS DLC.

  99. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 38, 39 (entry for 5 Sept. 1862).

  100. Jacob D. Cox, Military Reminiscences of the Civil War (2 vols.; New York: C. Scribner’s Sons, 1900), 1:209.

  101. Washington correspondence, 8 Sept., National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 13 Sept. 1862.

  102. James G. Smart, ed., A Radical View: The “Agate” Dispatches of Whitelaw Reid, 1861–1865 (2 vols.; Memphis, TN: Memphis State University Press, 1976), 1:227 (Washington correspondence, 10 Sept. 1862, Cincinnati Gazette).

  103. Zachariah Chandler to Lyman Trumbull, Detroit, 10 Sept. 1862, Trumbull Papers, DLC.

  104. Lincoln to Key, Washington, 26 Sept. 1862, CWL, 5:442.

  105. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 41 (entry for 26 Sept. 1862).

  106. Washington correspondence by John Hay, 1 Oct., Missouri Republican (St. Louis), 6 Oct. 1862, in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist: John Hay’s Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860–1864 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998), 317; Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 232 (entry for 25 Sept. 1864).

  107. Gideon Welles, Lincoln and Seward (New York: Sheldon, 1874), 197.

  108. William D. Kelley, Lincoln and Stanton: A Study of the War Administration of 1861 and 1862 (New York: G. P. Putnam’s Sons, 1885), 74–75.

  109. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 41 (entry for 26 Sept. 1862).

  110. On September 8 Chase told this to Adams Hill. Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, Washington, 8 Sept. 1862, Gay Papers, Columbia University.

  111. Garrison to Oliver Johnson, Boston, 9 Sept. 1862, Walter M. Merrill, ed., Letters of William Lloyd Garrison (6 vols.; Cambridge, MA: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1971–1981), 5:112.

  112. Gurley to Thaddeus Stevens, Cincinnati, 22 Aug. 1862, Beverly Wilson Palmer, ed., The Selected Papers of Thaddeus Stevens (2 vols.; Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1997–1998), 1:319.

  113. Washington correspondence by Agate [Whitelaw Reid], 8 Sept., Cincinnati Gazette, 11 Sept. 1862.

  114. Niven, ed., Chase Papers, 1:370 (diary entry for 3 Sept. 1862); Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 109-110, 116 (entries for 4, 8 Sept. 1862).

  115. John Pope to Valentine B. Horton, St. Paul, 1 Nov. 1862, Pope Papers, New-York Historical Society.

  116. Pope to Valentine B. Horton, Milwaukee, 9, 25 Mar. 1863, ibid.

  117. Adams S. Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, Washington, 8, 12 Sept. 1862, Gay Papers, Columbia University; Zachariah Chandler to Lyman Trumbull, Detroit, 10 Sept. 1862, Trumbull Papers, DLC.

  118. Adams S. Hill to Sydney Howard Gay Papers, n.p., n.d. [Washington, early September 1862], Gay Papers, Columbia University.

  119. Adams S
. Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, Washington, 8, 12 Sept. 1862, ibid.

  120. Henry W. Bellows to his wife, Washington, 3, 16 Sept. 1862, Bellows Papers, MHi.

  121. The Independent (New York), 11 Sept. 1862, in Paxton Hibben, Henry Ward Beecher: An American Portrait (New York: G. H. Doran, 1927), 159.

  122. New York Evening Post, 15 Sept. 1862.

  123. John S. Davis to Henry Lane, New Albany, Indiana, 26 Oct. 1862, typescript, Lane Papers, InU.

  124. Frederick Law Olmsted to Henry Whitney Bellows, Washington, 22 Sept. 1862, Jane Turner Censer, ed., The Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted, Vol. 4: Defending the Union, The Civil War and the U. S. Sanitary Commission, 1861–1863 (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1986), 426.

  125. Washington correspondence, 4 Aug., New York Evening Post, 5 Aug. 1862; Washington correspondence, Boston Transcript, n.d., copied in the Portland Oregonian, 25 Sept. 1862.

  126. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 191–192, 183 (entries for 28 Apr., 24 Mar. 1864).

  127. Halleck to Elizabeth Hamilton Halleck, Washington, 5, 9 Sept. 1862, Schoff Civil War Collection, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.

  128. Noah Brooks, Washington in Lincoln’s Time (New York: Century, 1895), 37.

  129. Charles A. Dana, Recollections of the Civil War: With the Leaders at Washington and in the Field in the Sixties (New York: D. Appleton, 1898), 187.

  130. Nevins and Thomas, eds., Strong Diary, 3:258 (entry for 24 Sept. 1862).

  131. Halleck to W. T. Sherman, Washington, 16 Feb. 1864, OR, I, 32, 2:408.

  132. Cox, Reminiscences, 1:151.

  133. Adams S. Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, n.p., n.d. [Washington, ca. late Aug. 1862], Gay Papers, Columbia University; Gustavus V. Fox to his wife Virginia, Washington, 29 Aug. 1862, Fox Papers, New-York Historical Society.

  134. Wool to Harriette Hart, Baltimore, 24 Sept. 1862, Wool Papers, New York State Library, Albany.

  135. Sears, McClellan, 265.

  136. Sears, ed., McClellan Papers, 435.

  137. Burlingame and Ettlinger, eds., Hay Diary, 38–39 (entry for 5 Sept. 1862).

  138. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:117 (entry for 8 Sept. 1862).