Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 2

by Michael Burlingame

  139. McClellan to his wife, Washington, 7 Sept. 1862, Sears, ed., McClellan Papers, 438.

  140. Ward Hill Lamon, Recollections of Abraham Lincoln, 1847–1865, ed. Dorothy Lamon Teillard (Washington, DC: the editor, 1911), 289.

  141. Washington correspondence by Agate [Whitelaw Reid], 6 Aug., Cincinnati Gazette, 11 Aug. 1862.

  142. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:116 (entry for 8 Sept. 1862).

  143. Ibid., 1:118, 129 (entries for 8, 12 Sept. 1862).

  144. Ibid., 1:124 (entry for 12 Sept. 1862).

  145. Lincoln to McClellan, Washington, 11 Sept. 1862, CWL, 5:415.

  146. Lincoln to McClellan, Washington, 12 Sept. 1862, CWL, 5:418.

  147. Lincoln to Curtin, Washington, 12 Sept. 1862, CWL, 5:417.

  148. Lincoln to Alexander Henry, Washington, 12 Sept. 1862, CWL, 5:418.

  149. Sears, ed., McClellan Papers, 462.

  150. Lincoln to McClellan, Washington, 15 Sept. 1862, CWL, 5:426.

  151. Lincoln to J. K. Dubois, Washington, 15 Sept. 1862, CWL, 5:425–426.

  152. Pease and Randall, eds., Browning Diary, 1:590 (entry for 29 Nov. 1862).

  153. Sears, McClellan, 270.

  154. Washington correspondence, 22 Sept. 1862, Smart, ed., “Agate” Dispatches, 1:232.

  155. Edward Everett diary, entry for 25 Sept. 1862, MHi.

  156. W. W. Orme to David Davis, Springfield, Missouri, 19 Oct. 1862, David Davis Papers, IHi.

  157. Gustavus V. Fox to his wife Virginia, Washington, 23 Sept. [1862], Fox Papers, New-York Historical Society.

  158. Adams S. Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, Washington, 25 Aug. 1862, Gay Papers, Columbia University.

  159. Usher to Lincoln, Washington, 2 Aug. 1862, AL MSS DLC.

  160. W. D. Gallagher to Salmon P. Chase, St. Louis, 12 Feb. 1862, Chase Papers, Historical Society of Pennsylvania.

  161. Professor F. W. Newman to the editor of the English Leader, 1 Sept. 1864, copied in the National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 8 Oct. 1864.

  162. James Mitchell to Lincoln, Washington, 1 July 1862, AL MSS DLC.

  163. Congressional Globe, 37th Congress, 2nd Session, 1632 (11 Apr. 1862).

  164. Ibid., appendix, 99 (11 Apr. 1862).

  165. “Report of the Select Committee on Emancipation and Colonization,” House Reports no. 148, 37th Congress, 2nd Session, issued 16 July 1862 (Washington, DC: U.S. Government Printing Office, 1862), 14–16.

  166. CWL, 5:370–375; W. W. McLain to R. R. Gurley of Haddenfield, NJ, Washington, DC, 26 Aug. 1862, American Colonization Society Papers, Manuscript Division, DLC (microfilm copy).

  167. Washington correspondence, 18 Jan., New York Times, 19 Jan. 1862; Joseph Enoch Williams et al. to the Honorable the Senate and House of Representatives, [Apr. 1862], 37A-G21.4, Select Committee on Emancipation, Petitions & Memorials, ser. 467, 37th Congress, RG 233 [D-83], in Leon F. Litwack, North of Slavery: The Negro in the Free States, 1790–1860 (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1961), 262.

  168. Alton, Illinois, Telegraph, 15 Jan. 1855.

  169. Washington correspondence, by B. F. M., 15 Aug., Cincinnati Gazette, 20 Aug. 1862.

  170. Henry Highland Garnet to Thomas Hamilton, 11 Oct. 1862, in the Pacific Appeal, Oct.-Nov. 1862.

  171. Purvis to Samuel C. Pomeroy, Philadelphia, 28 Aug. 1862, New York Tribune, 30 Sept. 1862.

  172. Christian Recorder, 23 Aug. 1862.

  173. J. C. Davis and several others to Lincoln, Aug. 1862, in An Appeal from the Colored Men of Philadelphia to the President of the United States, in Herbert Aptheker, ed., A Documentary History of the Negro People in the United States (New York: Citadel Press, 1969), 473–474.

  174. C. Peter Ripley, ed., The Black Abolitionist Papers (5 vols.; Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1985–1992), 5:152.

  175. Douglass’s Monthly, Sept. 1862, 707–708.

  176. Douglass to Gerrit Smith, Rochester, 8 Sept. 1862, Smith Papers, Syracuse University; Douglass’s Monthly, Jan. 1862, 577.

  177. Niven, ed., Chase Papers, 1:362 (diary entry for 15 Aug. 1862).

  178. The Liberator (Boston), 22 Aug. 1862.

  179. Beriah Green to Gerrit Smith, Whitesboro, NY, 12 Sept. 1862, Smith Papers, Syracuse University.

  180. Chicago Tribune, 26 Sept. 1862.

  181. New York Times, 1 Oct. 1862.

  182. New York Evening Express, 23 Sept. 1862.

  183. British and Foreign Anti-Slavery Society, The Anti-Slavery Reporter and Aborigines’ Friend, 222.

  184. Blair to Lincoln, Silver Spring, Maryland, 16 Nov. 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  185. Chase to Lincoln, Washington, 12 Nov. 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  186. Thompson to Francis P. Blair, Sr., Washington, 15 Nov. 1861, Blair-Lee Papers, Princeton University.

  187. Lincoln to Chase, Washington, 27 Nov. 1861, Roy P. Basler, ed., Collected Works of Abraham Lincoln, First Supplement (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1974), 112.

  188. Usher to Richard W. Thompson, Washington, 26 Dec. 1861, Richard W. Thompson Papers, LMF.

  189. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:150–151 (entry for 26 Sept. 1862).

  190. Thaddeus Stevens to [Salmon] P. Chase, Lancaster, 25 Aug. 1862, in Palmer, ed., Stevens Papers, 1:319–320.

  191. Adams S. Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, Washington, 25 Aug. 1862, Gay Papers, Columbia University.

  192. New York Tribune, 30 Jan. 1873.

  193. Pomeroy Investigation; Reports of the Joint Committee Appointed by the Legislature of Kansas, 1873, to Investigate Charges of Corruption and Bribery Against Hon. S. C. Pomeroy, and Members of the Legislature (Topeka, KS, 1873), 4.

  194. Pomeroy to James R. Doolittle, Washington, 20 Oct. 1862, typescript, Doolittle Papers, State Historical Society of Wisconsin.

  195. Usher to Richard W. Thompson, Washington, 17 Sept. 1862, Richard W. Thompson Papers, LMF.

  196. Washington correspondence, 11, 12 Sept., New York Tribune, 12, 13 Sept. 1862.

  197. Albany Evening Journal, n.d., copied in the New York Times, 4 Oct. 1862.

  198. Ambrose W. Thompson to Richard W. Thompson, New York, 6 Oct. 1862, copy, Ambrose W. Thompson Papers, DLC.

  199. New York Tribune, 17 Oct. 1862.

  200. Washington correspondence, 2 Nov., New York Tribune, 3 Nov. 1862.

  201. Diary of Donald McLeod, 23 Oct. 1862, McLeod Family Papers, Virginia Historical Society.

  202. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:152 (entry for 26 Sept. 1862).

  203. Washington Chronicle, 6 Jan. 1863; Noah Brooks, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” (July 1865) in Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln Observed: Civil War Dispatches of Noah Brooks (Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1998), 205; Washington correspondence, 7 Sept., New York Tribune, 8 Sept. 1862.

  204. Charles K. Tuckerman, “Personal Recollections of Abraham Lincoln,” The Magazine of American History with Notes and Queries, May 1888, 412–413.

  205. Washington correspondence, 25 July, New York Evening Post and New York Herald, 26 July 1862.

  206. Lincoln to Chase, Washington, 8 Aug. 1862, CWL, 5:362.

  207. Henry T. Cheever to his sister Elizabeth, Worcester, 10 July 1862, Cheever Family Papers, American Antiquarian Society; Wright to Chase, Boston, 6 July 1862, in Philip G. Wright and Elizabeth Q. Wright, Elizur Wright: The Father of Life Insurance (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1937), 217.

  208. Speech of 4 July 1862, in Philip S. Foner and Yuval Taylor, eds., Frederick Douglass: Selected Speeches and Writings (Chicago: Lawrence Hill Books, 1999), 505; Douglass’s Monthly, August 1862.

  209. Speech of 1 Aug. 1862, Wendell Phillips, Speeches, Lectures, and Letters (Boston: J. Redpath, 1863), 448, 456, 454, 452, 455, 459–460, 453.

  210. Washington correspondence, 18 Aug., New York Examiner, 21 Aug. 1862, Michael Burlingame, ed., Dispatches from Lincoln’s White House: The Anonymous Civil War Journalism of Presidential Secretary William O. Stoddard (Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2002), 95; John Eaton, Grant, Lincoln, and the Fre
edmen: Reminiscences of the Civil War with Special Reference to the Work for the Contrabands and Freedmen of the Mississippi Valley (New York: Longmans, Green, 1907), 184.

  211. New York Herald, 11 Dec. 1862.

  212. The Independent (New York), 14 Aug. 1862, in William C. Beecher and Samuel Scoville, A Biography of Rev. Henry Ward Beecher (New York: C. L. Webster, 1888), 332–333.

  213. The Independent (New York), 17 July 1862, in Allan Nevins, The War for the Union (4 vols.; New York: Scribner, 1959–1971), 2:301.

  214. The Liberator (Boston), 25 July 1862.

  215. Andrew J. Graham to Gerrit Smith, 11 Aug. 1862, in Ralph Volney Harlow, Gerrit Smith, Philanthropist and Reformer (New York: H. Holt, 1939), 435.

  216. Beriah Green to Gerrit Smith, Whites-boro, NY, 21 Aug. 1862, Smith Papers, Syracuse University.

  217. Harlan to George B. Cheever, Mt. Pleasant, Iowa, 4 Sept. 1862, Cheever Family Papers, American Antiquarian Society.

  218. Frederick Pike to J. S. Pike, Calais, 3 Aug. 1862, Pike Papers, University of Maine.

  219. Stevens to Simon Stevens, Lancaster, 10 Aug. 1862, Palmer, ed., Stevens Papers, 1:318.

  220. “Enquirer” to the editor of the New York Tribune, Auburn, New York, 28 July 1862, enclosed in Sydney Howard Gay to Lincoln, New York, 30 July [1862], Gay Papers, Columbia University.

  221. Rossiter Johnson in the New York Tribune, n.d., copied in the Staten Islander, 29 Apr. 1891.

  222. H. L. Stevens to Sydney Howard Gay, 7 Sept. 1862, Gay Papers, Columbia University; George William Curtis to “My darling girl,” Staten Island, 17 Aug. 1862, Curtis Papers, Staten Island Institute of Arts and Sciences.

  223. Adams Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, [Washington, 9 July 1862], Gay Papers, Columbia University.

  224. Sumner to Elizabeth, Duchess of Argyll, 11 Aug. 1862, Edward Lillie Pierce, Memoir and Letters of Charles Sumner (4 vols.; Boston: Roberts Brothers, 1877–1893), 4:84.

  225. Henderson quoted in Adlai E. Stevenson, Something of Men I Have Known, with Some Papers of a General Nature, Political, Historical, and Retrospective (Chicago: A. C. McClurg, 1909), 352–353.

  226. Moncure Daniel Conway, “A Southern Abolitionist’s Memories of Mr. Lincoln,” London Fortnightly Review, 15 May 1865, in Rufus Rockwell Wilson, ed., Intimate Memories of Lincoln (Elmira, NY: Primavera Press, 1945), 182.

  227. Remarks made on 20 June 1862, CWL, 5:278–279; William D. Kelley to the editor of the New York Tribune, Philadelphia, 23 Sept. 1885, in Kelley, Lincoln and Stanton, 83–85.

  228. Samuel G. Buckingham, The Life of William A. Buckingham, the War Governor of Connecticut (Springfield, MA: W. F. Adams, 1894), 262.

  229. Schuyler Colfax in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 335.

  230. Albany Evening Journal, 30 June 1862.

  231. William Harlan Hale, Horace Greeley: Voice of the People (New York: Harper & Brothers, 1950), 269.

  232. New York Tribune, 20 Aug. 1862.

  233. Wendell Phillips to Sydney Howard Gay, n.p., 2 Sept. 1862, Gay Papers, Columbia University.

  234. Cincinnati Commercial, 25 Aug. 1862; Washington National Intelligencer, n.d, quoted in the Washington correspondence, 23 Aug., New York Times, 24 Aug. 1862.

  235. Philadelphia Ledger, n.d., copied in the Washington Evening Star, 27 Aug. 1862.

  236. Indianapolis Journal, 25 Aug. 1862.

  237. Lincoln to Greeley, Washington, 22 Aug. 1862, CWL, 5:388–389; Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 525n.

  238. Washington correspondence, 24 Aug., Cincinnati Gazette, 25 Aug. 1862.

  239. Washington correspondence, New York Times, 24 Aug. 1862.

  240. George Ashmun to Lincoln, Springfield, Massachusetts, 25 Aug. 1862, AL MSS DLC.

  241. James W. White to Horace Greeley, Washington, 23 Aug. 1862, Greeley Papers, DLC.

  242. John B. Henderson to Lincoln, Louisiana, Missouri, 3 Sept. 1862, AL MSS DLC.

  243. New York Times in Harlan Hoyt Horner, Lincoln and Greeley (Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 1953), 275.

  244. Thurlow Weed to William H. Seward, Albany, 23 Aug. 1862, AL MSS DLC.

  245. Howe to Lincoln, Green Bay, 25 Aug. 1862, AL MSS DLC.

  246. Indianapolis Journal, 25 Aug. 1862.

  247. Horace Greeley to George W. Wright, 27 Aug. 1862, Greeley Papers, DLC; Allen C. Guelzo, Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation: The End of Slavery in America (New York: Simon & Schuster, 2004), 135.

  248. Sydney H. Gay to Lincoln, [New York, Aug. 1862], AL MSS DLC.

  249. Adams S. Hill to Sydney Howard Gay, Washington, 1 Sept. 1862, Gay Papers, Columbia University.

  250. Guelzo, Emancipation Proclamation, 151–152.

  251. Sanford E. Church to Thurlow Weed, Albion, New York, 24 Aug. 1862, Weed Papers, University of Rochester.

  252. Gerrit Smith to Lincoln, Peterboro, New York, 9 Oct. 1862, AL MSS DLC; speech of Lovejoy at Peoria, 13 Sept., Cincinnati Commercial, 22 Sept. 1862.

  253. Wendell Phillips to Sydney H. Gay, n.p., 2 Sept. 1862, Gay Papers, Columbia University.

  254. “J. S.” to William Lloyd Garrison, 1 Sept. 1862, The Liberator (Boston), 5 Sept. 1862, in James M. McPherson, The Struggle for Equality: Abolitionists and the Negro in the Civil War and Reconstruction (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1964), 117.

  255. Beriah Green to Gerrit Smith, Whitesboro, New York, 14 Oct. 1862, Smith Papers, Syracuse University.

  256. Robert C. Winthrop, Jr., to Robert C. Winthrop, Sr., Baden Baden, 11 Sept. 1862, Winthrop Family Papers, MHi.

  257. Washington correspondence, 24 Aug., New York Tribune, 25 Aug. 1862.

  258. Douglass to Gerrit Smith, Rochester, New York, 7 Mar. 1863, Smith Papers, Syracuse University.

  259. National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 30 Aug. 1862.

  260. Washington correspondence, n.d., Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, n.d., copied in the Providence Journal, 11 Aug. 1862.

  261. Reid’s dispatch of 24 Aug. 1862 in Smart, ed., “Agate” Dispatches, 1:215.

  262. Washington correspondence, 24 Aug., New York Tribune, 25 Aug. 1862.

  263. Brownson to Samuel G. Howe, Elizabeth, New Jersey, 13 Sept. 1862, Schoff Civil War Collection, William L. Clements Library, University of Michigan.

  264. Washington correspondence, 3 November, New York Tribune, 9 Nov. 1862.

  265. Reply to Chicago clergymen, 13 September 1862, CWL, 5:420–425.

  266. William W. Patton, President Lincoln and the Chicago Memorial on Emancipation: A Paper Read Before the Maryland Historical Society December 12th, 1887 (Baltimore, MD: J. Murphy, 1888), 32.

  267. Leonard Swett to his wife Laura, New York, 10 Aug. 1862, David Davis Family Papers, IHi.

  268. Speech by Swett, 26 Apr. 1880, Chicago Times, 27 Apr. 1880.

  269. Garrison to Oliver Johnson, 9 Sept. 1862, Merrill, ed., Garrison Letters, 5:112.

  270. Douglass to Gerrit Smith, 8 Sept. 1862, in McPherson, Struggle for Equality, 117.

  271. Thaddeus Stevens to Simon Stevens, Lancaster, 5 Sept. 1862, Palmer, ed., Stevens Papers, 1:323.

  272. Northampton Free Press, n.d., copied in the Boston Commonwealth, 20 Sept. 1862.

  273. Henry Winter Davis to Samuel Francis Du Pont, [Baltimore], 11 July 1862, transcript, S. F. Du Pont Papers, Hagley Museum, Wilmington, Delaware.

  274. Jacob Barker to Lincoln, New Orleans, 16 July 1862, AL MSS DLC.

  275. Lincoln to Cuthbert Bullitt, Washington, 28 July 1862, CWL, 5:344–346.

  276. Beale, ed., Welles Diary, 1:143 (entry for 22 Sept. 1862).

  277. George S. Boutwell in Rice, ed., Reminiscences of Lincoln, 126.

  278. Niven, ed., Chase Papers, 1:393–394 (diary entry for 22 Sept. 1862).

  279. Josiah Blackburn in the London, Ontario, Free Press, [19?] July 1864, copied in the New York Times, 1 Aug. 1864.

  280. Montgomery Blair, “The Republican Party As It Was and Is,” North American Review 131 (1880): 426.

  281. Welles, “History of Emancipation,” The Ga
laxy 14 (1872): 847; Niven, ed., Chase Papers, 1:394–395 (diary entry for 22 Sept. 1862).

  282. Blair to Lincoln, 23 Sept. 1862, draft, Blair Papers, DLC.

  283. Hezekiah S. Bundy to Chase, Reeds Mill, 3 Oct. 1862, Chase Papers, DLC.

  284. Theodore Tilton to William Lloyd Garrison, New York, 24 Sept. 1862, Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.

  285. Sallie Holley to Abby Kelley, 30 Sept. 1862, in Dorothy Sterling, Ahead of Her Time: Abby Kelley and the Politics of Anti-Slavery (New York: W. W. Norton, 1991), 336.

  286. Adam Gurowski, Diary (Boston: Lee and Shepard, 1862), 280, 278 (entries for 24, 23 Sept. 1862).

  287. Douglass’s Monthly, Jan. 1863.

  288. Beriah Green to Gerrit Smith, Whitesboro, New York, 14 Oct. 1862, Smith Papers, Syracuse University.

  289. Parker Pillsbury to Theodore Tilton, Boston, 12 Dec. 1862, Miscellaneous Manuscripts, New-York Historical Society.

  290. Lydia Child to Sarah Shaw, Wayland, 30 Oct. 1862, Lydia Maria Child: Selected Letters, 1817–1880, ed. Milton Meltzer and Patricia G. Holland (Amherst: University of Massachusetts Press, 1982), 419.

  291. Washington correspondence, 29 Dec., New York Tribune, 30 Dec. 1862.

  292. John M. Forbes to Charles Sumner, Boston, 27 Dec. 1862, AL MSS DLC.

  293. The Liberator (Boston), 26 Sept. 1862, copied in the Cincinnati Commercial, 3 Oct. 1862.

  294. Garrison to Fanny Garrison, Boston, 25 Sept. 1862, Merrill, ed., Garrison Letters, 5:114–115.

  295. New York Herald, 6 Oct. 1862.

  296. George B. Cheever to his sister Elizabeth Washburn, New York, 29 Sept. 1862, Cheever Family Papers, American Antiquarian Society.

  297. Andrew to Albert G. Browne, Jr., 23 Sept. 1862, in Henry Greenleaf Pearson, The Life of John A. Andrew, Governor of Massachusetts, 1861–1865 (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1904), 2:51.

  298. May to Richard Webb, 23 Sept. 1862, in McPherson, Struggle for Equality, 119.

  299. National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 27 Sept. 1862.

  300. Thodore Tilton to Garrison, New York, 24 Sept. 1862, Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.

  301. Douglass’s Monthly, Oct. 1862, 721.

  302. Weekly Anglo-African (New York), n.d., copied in the Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 9 Oct. 1862, and in the National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 4 Oct. 1862.