The Scientist and the Spy
Page 29
Wise, David. Tiger Trap: America’s Secret Spy War with China. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 2011.
Xiong, Weimin. Duiyu lishi, kexuejia youhuashuo: 20 shiji zhongguo kexuejie de ren yu shi. [Scientists Have Something to Say About History: People and Events in the Circle of Science in 20th Century China]. Beijing: Dongfang Press, 2017.
Yung, Judy, Gordon H. Chang, and Him Mark Lai, eds. Chinese American Voices: From the Gold Rush to the Present. Berkeley: University of California Press, 2006.
ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTUVWXYZ
INDEX
The page numbers in this index refer to the printed version of this book. The link provided will take you to the beginning of that print page. You may need to scroll forward from that location to find the corresponding reference on your e-reader.
Ackerman, Todd, 242–43
Advancing Justice—Asian Law Caucus, 70
agribusiness consolidation, 40–41, 47–48, 90, 113
China, 56, 238
DuPont purchase of Pioneer, 27, 46, 47, 48
and hybrid seed licensing, 90, 217
and lack of national allegiance, 217–18
and licensing agreements, 161
and litigiousness, 218
and Monsanto antitrust suit, 159
and patents, 48–49
and pesticide-resistant weeds, 91–92
protests against, 91
and Trump administration, 252
Alexander, Keith, 131, 182, 188
American Seed Trade Association Seed Expo, 167, 179
American Society for Industrial Security (ASIS), 188, 189
Araujo, Dejka, 204
Asian-American community organizations, 150–51, 153–57, 240–41
ASIS (American Society for Industrial Security), 188, 189
Aspen Security Forum, 181–83, 239
Bannon, Steve, 254
Bayer, 217, 252
Becerril, Edward, 197–98, 200, 201
Beck, Mark, 191
Belgrade Chinese embassy bombing (1999), 105
Betten, Mark, 44
audio analysis translation delay, 143–44
author’s interview with, 233, 234, 235–36
background of, 45
and border searches, 144
and case theories, 163–64
Chinese agricultural delegation surveillance, 94–95
complaint filed by, 176
and DBN reverse engineering plan, 50–51
DuPont Pioneer routine liaison visit, 27–28
and Mo arrest, 171
Mo case oversight, 78
and Mo case risks, 35
Mo identification, 28–29
and Mo seed shipments, 119–20
and Mo sentencing hearing, 226
and Mo surveillance, 95–99, 115, 120, 176
and Mo Yun arrest, 195–96, 198–200, 201
Mo Yun pretrial testimony of, 213–14
perceptions of Mo, 78–79
and profiling of ethnic Chinese, 220
and seized seed analysis, 161
and Stine, 80–82, 122
and Ye Jian/Lin Yong surveillance, 143, 176
See also Mo case
BioDiagnostics, 161, 206
Bollman, Cass, 1–6, 30, 220
Bondurant Monsanto field incident, 1–6, 7, 17, 30, 51, 79, 130, 176, 209–10
border search exception, 142
Borel, James, 85
Borlaug, Norman, 85
Bower, Fred, 49
Bradley, Bill, 33
Branstad, Terry, 83, 85, 178–79, 249, 250–51, 255
Bruxvoort, Ash, 67
Butner Federal Medical Center, 248
Butner Low Federal Correctional Institution, 246
Cao, Guoqing, 153
Carlin, John, 183–84, 186–87
Carr, Milton Robert, 71
CBP (Customs and Border Protection), 142–44, 145, 196, 197–98, 214
Central Intelligence Agency (CIA)
Chinese network breach, 109–10
and end of Cold War, 32–33
Chang, Albert, 155
chasing the self. See DBN reverse engineering plan
Chen, Sherry, 150, 156–57, 219
Cheng, Lily (pseudonym), 79–82, 86, 121–22, 208, 220, 235
Chery QQ, 25
China-U.S. Friendship Farm, 178
Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 237
Chinese Academy of Sciences, 11
Chinese American Alliance, 240
Chinese Communist Party, 12, 23, 103–4, 156, 254
See also Chinese government
Chinese Communist Revolution, 102
Chinese food security concerns
diet modernization campaign, 14
and domestic inbred seed goal, 14–15, 114, 121–22, 163
and genetically modified organisms ban, 55, 56, 64
and government support for domestic seed companies, 56–57, 108, 170, 237–38
and grain import dependence, 13–14, 55–56, 86
and hybrid seed licensing, 38–39, 90
and increased meat consumption, 14, 56
Chinese government
and MD Anderson, 244
national intelligence law, 239
nuclear weapons program, 104–5
overseas Chinese recruitment programs, 103–4, 156, 157, 241–44
and science/technology rise, 23
support for domestic seed companies, 56–57, 108, 170, 237–38
See also Chinese food security concerns
Chinese industrial espionage
Mattis reporting on, 108–9
non-Chinese defendants, 108–9
and science/technology rise, 19, 30, 63
Trump on, 182
Unit 61398 case, 183–84
and U.S. companies in China, 24–26
Western stories about, 19
Ye Jian/Lin Yong understanding of, 130–32, 220
See also ethnic Chinese, profiling of; FBI industrial espionage focus
Chinese intelligence agencies
Mattis reporting on, 107–9
national security espionage, 103, 107, 109–10
See also Chinese Ministry of Public Security; Chinese Ministry of State Security
Chinese Ministry of Agriculture, 56, 237–38
Chinese Ministry of Personnel, 104
Chinese Ministry of Public Security, 107
Chinese Ministry of State Security (MSS), 106, 107, 108, 110, 236
Chinese science and technology
agricultural delegation, 83–85, 94–95, 178
and corruption, 22–23
863 Program, 20–21
and foreign companies in China, 24–25
indigenous innovation, 23, 162
and industrial espionage stories, 19
rise of, 19, 20–22, 26, 34, 63, 162–63, 239
See also Chinese food security concerns; Chinese industrial espionage
Chu, Paul, 152
Chung, Greg, 16, 81, 224, 248–49
Clark, William, 96–97
Cline, John, 186
Clinton, Bill, 32, 105
Clinton, Hillary, 67
Cold War
end of, 32–33
and profiling of ethnic Chinese, 71, 72–77
Columbus, Christopher, 45
Comey, James, 234
Coming China Wars, The (Navarro), 250
Committee on the Present Danger, 254
corn
Chinese imports, 13–14, 55–56, 68, 83, 86
history of, 45–47
hybrid varieties, 46�
�47
importance of, 5, 18–19
and Midwestern kitsch, 52, 66
pollination of, 46
See also genetically modified corn; hybrid seed licensing; inbred corn seed
corn theft case. See Mo case
corporate interests
and abandonment of antitrust suits, 159–60, 189
and FBI industrial espionage focus, 27–28, 33, 185
and globalization, 33
government revolving door, 47
and lack of national allegiance, 217–18, 238, 252
and lobbying, 160, 189
and Mo case story, 24
Occupy Wall Street protests, 91
profits, 26
and restitution value estimates, 187–89
and tech agreements, 245
and Trump administration China policies, 251, 252
See also agribusiness consolidation; DuPont Pioneer; Monsanto
counterfeiting, 25
Crossroads Ag, 118
See also Thomas, Joel
Cultural Revolution, 8
Customs and Border Protection (CBP), 142–44, 145, 196, 197–98, 214
Dabeinong (DBN)
author’s Chinese farm visit, 236–37
biotechnology facility, 62
Boca Raton office, 13, 172, 195
and Cheng, 81
Chinese government support of, 53, 56–57, 108, 237–38
grain imports, 13–14
Kings Nower founding, 15
marketing materials, 61–62
Mo case lack of impact on, 237–39
Mo hiring, 8, 12–13
Mo legal activities for, 8, 192–93
Mo Yun role, 13, 15, 41, 195, 198, 201
Redfield farm, 163, 164
Stine legal partnership, 122
strategies of, 238–39
and Xi Jinping, 95, 162, 163
See also DBN Monee, Illinois, farm; Kings Nower; Mo, Robert; Shao Genhuo
Davis, Craig, 39–40
Dawn of the Code War (Carlin), 186–87
DBN. See Dabeinong; DBN reverse engineering plan
DBN Monee, Illinois, farm
drought, 168–69
farmhouse remodeling and break-in, 134–35
forfeiture of, 224
hybrid seed licensing project, 88–89, 90, 93, 135–36, 167–68, 216
and Mo case theories, 163–64
Montgomery FBI interview on, 127
and Montgomery’s suspicions, 89, 111–12
planting, 89–91
purchase of, 88–89, 117
and reverse engineering plan, 118–19, 163–64
seed packaging for transport, 138–39
DBN reverse engineering plan
Betten research on, 50–51
Bondurant Monsanto field incident, 1–6, 7, 17, 30, 51, 79, 130, 176, 209–10
and developing-country markets, 64, 170
DuPont Pioneer field incident, 7, 28, 30, 34, 45, 50–51
Li’s idea for, 15
and Mo case theories, 163–64
Mo discomfort with, 8, 15–17, 53–54
and Monee, Illinois, farm, 118–19, 163–64
Montgomery’s critique of, 165–67, 169–70
Mo Pioneer seed purchase, 97–99
Mo seed shipments, 51, 119–20
and nationalism, 57
seed transport, 137–41
and Stine, 79–80
targeted fields, 46, 79, 209–10
Ye Jian/Lin Yong collecting, 128–30, 164, 209–10, 220
See also DBN Monee, Illinois, farm; DBN reverse engineering plan; Mo case
Death by China (Navarro), 250
DeKalb, 47–48
DowDuPont, 252
Doyle, Arthur Conan, 54
dragon head enterprises, 56–57, 108
Dream of the Red Chamber, 253
Dreyfuss, Robert, 33
Dr. Li. See Li Shaoming
DuPont Pioneer
and agribusiness consolidation, 27, 46, 47, 48
“check hybrids” from, 90
in China, 56, 245
Chinese agricultural delegation visit, 84–85, 94–95
Chinese reactions to, 54–55
DBN seed-stealing incident, 7, 28, 30, 34, 45, 50–51, 79
Dow merger, 252
ethnic Chinese employee profiling, 172
FBI routine liaison visit to, 27–28
and globalization, 218
Holden flashlight breeding case, 112–13, 232
international reach of, 14, 26
isozyme electrophoresis test, 113
and Lannate, 47
Mo case subpoena, 209–10
Monsanto competition, 159, 160–61
Mo seed purchase, 97–99
and Mo seed shipments, 119
origins of, 46
Pioneer 335 seed line, 25, 26, 55
profits, 26
and Roundup Ready seed, 160, 161
and seized seed analysis, 159, 160
and Stine, 29
tech agreements, 98, 245
unmarked inbred seed field of, 79
as victim in Mo case, 93, 210, 224, 227
and World Food Prize Foundation, 85
See also DBN reverse engineering plan
Dust Bowl, 47
East India Company, 31
economic espionage. See industrial espionage
Economic Espionage Act (1996), 32–33, 114, 154, 155, 176, 210, 248
See also FBI industrial espionage focus
Economic Espionage Unit, 34, 78, 154, 234
863 Program, 20–21
employees. See insider threat approach
environmental movement, 50, 55, 93, 189
Epstein, Jeffrey, 175–76
escapes (corn seeds), 4, 44, 51, 130
Esguerra, Gerome, 197–98
ethnic Chinese, profiling of, 69–77, 101–10, 150–57
amateur swarm trope, 100–101
Chen case, 150, 156–57, 219
Cold War program, 71, 72–77
damaging effects of, 109–10
dismissed cases, 149–50, 152–53
and DuPont Pioneer employees, 172
Hartnett on, 235
historical leads for, 75–76
Huang case, 35
impact on Chinese-American communities, 105–6, 154–55, 240–41
and insider threat approach, 81, 172
and Intelligence Threat Handbook, 94–95, 106–7
Lee case, 104–6, 108, 154, 156, 186
Mattis debunking, 107–9
and Mo case, 219–20, 232, 245
Mo on, 253–54
and NIH policy, 241–44
and nontraditional collector espionage model, 234
protests against, 106, 150–51, 153–54, 155–57, 240
Sheng case, 70–71, 75
and Stine investigation, 81–82
and thousand grains of sand theory, 101–4, 106, 110, 122, 234
and Trump administration, 250, 254
and Wray speech, 239–40
Xi case, 151–53, 154, 156–57, 186, 234
ethnic Chinese in the United States
cancer treatment, 204
Chinese Communist Party pressure on, 12, 103
and Chinese government recruitment programs, 103–4, 156, 157, 241–44
impact of profiling on, 105–6, 154–55, 240–41
“know your rights” seminars for, 154–55
prejudice against, 53, 68–69, 224
scientific contributions of, 11–12, 20, 86, 110
, 155–56, 157, 204, 244
See also ethnic Chinese, profiling of
Fang Lizhi, 11
FBI industrial espionage focus
Aspen Security Forum, 181–83
Carlin on, 186–87
and corporate interests, 27–28, 33, 185
and corporate legal cooperation, 184–86, 189
and Economic Espionage Act, 32, 33
Economic Espionage Unit, 34, 78, 154, 234
and end of Cold War, 32–33
and FISA warrants, 208–9
and foreign delegations, 94–95
Huang case, 35
insider threat approach, 80–81, 96, 172
Intelligence Threat Handbook, 94–95, 106–7
Lee case, 104–6, 108, 154, 156, 186
and Mo case, 78
Obama on, 85
public opinion on, 33
and restitution value estimates, 188
and September 11, 2001, terrorist attacks, 33–34
and U.S.-Chinese economic relations, 85–86
and U.S.-Chinese tensions, 20, 100, 131
and U.S. companies in China, 185
Zhang case, 179
See also ethnic Chinese, profiling of; Mo case
Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
corporate relationships, 27–28, 33, 185
headquarters of, 233
and Japanese-American internment, 240–41
Joint Terrorism Task Force, 116
Most Wanted list, 235
U.S. universities’ and research institutions’ monitoring, 243
See also Betten, Mark; ethnic Chinese, profiling of; FBI industrial espionage focus; Mo case
Feldman, Noah, 155
Feynman, Richard, 76
Field of Dreams, 52
FISA warrants, 120–22, 206–9
flashlight seed breeding, 112–13, 232
Florida International University, 12
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act (FISA), 120–22, 206–9
Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court, 206
Fourth Amendment, 142
Freedom of Information Act (FOIA), 71, 74
Gaffney, Frank, 254
Gates, Robert, 32
General Motors, 25, 26
genetically modified corn
and agribusiness consolidation, 47–48
Chinese ban on, 55, 56, 64, 68, 114
Chinese reactions to, 54–55
environmental opposition to, 50, 55, 91, 189
Monsanto, 2–3, 47–49, 54–55, 56
patents on, 48–49
and pesticide-resistant weeds, 91–92
stacking of traits, 92, 160, 161
and Syngenta takeover, 238
Global Times, 157
glyphosate. See Roundup; Roundup Ready seed
GMOs. See genetically modified corn