Anything That Burns You

by Terese Svoboda

  p. 109 Modern prose poem: Lombardo 2004.

  p. 109 Visited the Ferrer Center: Avrich 2005, 142.

  p. 109 “Shopgirls leaver their work”: Reznikoff 1989, 9.

  p. 109 His family supported him: “Charles Reznikoff: Biography,” poetryfoundation.org.

  p. 110 “Does not know when to go on!”: “Charles Reznikoff,” Boston Evening Transcript 3 July 1927.

  p. 110 Louis Zukofsky: Zukofsky published labor poems in New Masses. See Jennison 2012.

  p. 110 Identified with the objectivists: “Charles Reznikoff: Biography,” poetryfoundation.org.

  p. 110 Hulme’s Imagism: “T.E. Hulme: Biography,” poetryfoundation.org.

  p. 110 “A new cadence means a new idea”: “A Brief Guide to Imagism,” poets.org.

  p. 110 Inspired by haiku and tanka: Kei 2006.

  p. 110 Promoted H.D.: Aldington 2002, 38.

  p. 110 “A Few Don’ts”: Pound 1913.

  p. 110 The Glebe: “The Glebe Description,” Index of Modernist Magazines, sites.davidson.edu/littlemagazines.

  p. 110 “Amygism”: “Ezra Pound,” The Modernism Lab at Yale, modernism.research.yale.edu.

  p. 110 Believed derived from Keats: “Amy Lowell,” poets.org.

  p. 110 “Use the language of common speech”: “A Brief Guide to Imagism,” poets.org, and “Make it Sell!” in Dettmar and Watt 1997.

  p. 111 “A Farm Picture”: Whitman 93.

  p. 111 “Too remote from our lives”: “Free Verse Revolt” in Kreymborg 1934.

  p. 111 “Achieves a sharp line”: Untermeyer 1919, 347.

  p. 112 “Records her reflections”: Berke 2010, 27. Berke provides a detailed discussion of Ridge as a flaneuserie.

  p. 112 Monroe founded Poetry: “Harriet Monroe: Biography,” poetryfoundation.org.

  p. 112 Anderson editing The Little Review: “Finding Aid of the Margaret C. Anderson Papers, 1930-1973,” Archives Department, University Wisconsin-Milwaukee Libraries.

  p. 112 Forty percent women: Newcomb 2012, 284 fn 22.

  p. 112 “The one goal in life”: qtd. in Weir 1997, 179.

  p. 112 Became the Egoist: Taylor 2001, 25; and “Views and Comments,” The New Freewoman June 1913, 3.

  p. 112 “More rewarding than the men”: qtd. in Drake 1987, 68.

  p. 112 “Define oneself as an artist”: Stansell 2009, 164.

  p. 112 Publishers rushed: Newcomb 2012, 20-21; and “Poets Again Bestsellers,” Literary Digest Apr. 1914.

  p. 112 “Vigorous male note…”: Monroe 1920.

  p. 113 “Did not think of themselves as rebels”: Drake 1987, 145.

  p. 113 “Rage…and maternal urgency”: Drake 1987, 4.

  p. 113 “Uses the maternal role”: Allego 1997, 68.

  p. 114 “Maternal” friendships: Maun 2012, 62.

  Chapter 12 — “Sex Permeates Everything”

  p. 115 “Sex permeates everything”: Ridge, Notebook, [1909].

  p. 115 “Discussions of erogenous zones”: Symes and Travers 1934, 283.

  p. 115 “Weather-Cock Points South”: Lowell 1919, 51-52.

  p. 115 Two thousand brothels: Lewis 2011.

  p. 115 Everyone was having sex: Chesler 2007, 62-64, Lewis 2011.

  p. 115 Sex enthusiasts at the Ferrer: Avrich 2005, 81.

  p. 115 Abbott’s bisexual encounters: Abbott to Thomas H. Bell, 23 Mar. 1935, qtd. in Avrich 2005, 121 fn 21.

  p. 116 Goldman’s talk: “Emma Goldman: The Unjust Treatment of Homosexuals,” angelfire.com/ok/Flack/emma.html.

  p. 116 “Modernité”: Baudelaire 1972, 403.

  p. 116 Goldman smuggled contraceptives: “Birth Control Pioneer” 2003.

  p. 116 Lectured since 1908: “Goldman Says Anarchism Will Mean Absolute Equality and Freedom for Women,” St. Louis Post-Dispatch 1 Nov. 1908, referenced in Falk 2005, 70.

  p. 116 “No Gods…”: Sanger 1915, 51.

  p. 116 “Women were subjugated”: The Woman Rebel, Mar. 1914.

  p. 116 Goldman’s support for Sanger: “Birth Control Pioneer” 2003.

  p. 116 “Intense rebel from Australia”: Sanger 2010/1938, 74.

  p. 116 “The Limitation of Offspring”: Avrich 2005, 132.

  p. 117 University of the liberal arts: Engelman 1998[a].

  p. 117 Relationship with Rompapas: Engelman 1998[b].

  p. 117 Sanger’s eldest son: ibid.

  p. 117 Donation of the Book of Knowledge: Avrich 2005, 101.

  p. 117 “Extraordinarily effective”: ibid., 92.

  p. 117 “Bertha Watson”: Baker 2011, 89.

  p. 117 Goldman mustered support: Gordon 2007, 152 fn 106. Goldman’s letter of 8 Dec. 1915 can be accessed at sunsite.berkeley.edu/Goldman/Exhibition/sanger.html.

  p. 117 Sanger’s husband in jail: Engelman 1998[a].

  p. 117 Abbott’s help with strategy: ibid.

  p. 117 “Growing interest in the whole issue”: Abbott to Sanger, 1 May 1915.

  p. 117 “Inciting murder and assassination”: Whitelaw 2001, 51.

  p. 117 Sanger criticized Goldman: “Goldman, Emma (1869-1940)” in Katz 2000.

  p. 117 Goldman’s magazine helped: see, for example, Mother Earth Apr. 1915, 25.

  p. 117 A book to read in jail: Reed 1978, 87-88.

  p. 117 Fifteen day sentence: Marshall 2010, 112.

  p. 117 Traveled with Portet: “Portet, Lorenzo (1871-1917)” in Katz 2000.

  p. 117 Planning to resettle: ibid.

  p. 118 “Only one stove”: qtd. in Avrich 1995, 235.

  p. 118 Hair frozen to her pillow: Cohen and Ferm 2006, 27-28.

  p. 118 Sympathy for loss of daughter: Kuersten 2003, 134.

  p. 118 Rosicrucian rituals: Baker 104.

  p. 118 “Guilt” and “regret”: Baker 2011, 103.

  p. 118 “Leave”: qtd. in Chesler 2007, 524.

  p. 118 “To My Friends and Comrades”: ibid., 523-524.

  p. 118 Cut ties entirely: Friedman 2004, 267-269.

  p. 118 Absconded with everything: Kennedy 1971, 92-93.

  p. 118 New York Women’s Publishing: ibid., and “Birth Control Organizations Birth Control Review,” The Margaret Sanger Papers Project, nyu.edu/projects/sanger/aboutms/organization_bcr.php.

  p. 119 “Place of expression”: Goldman 2011/1931, 377.

  p. 119 All deserve contact with the arts: Boyle May 1918.

  p. 119 “To the Little Unfortunates”: Boyle June 1918.

  p. 119 Between the deep sea and the devil: Edgren 1918.

  p. 119 “The bitter injustice”: Mudgett 1918.

  p. 119 Circulation jumped: “Birthday of the Review and Havelock Ellis,” The Birth Control Review, Feb. 1923, 27-28.

  p. 120 Taft’s consolation: Olson 1979, 72.

  Chapter 13 — Others and Its Editors

  p. 121 Kreymborg an American Pound: Untermeyer 1967, 83.

  p. 121 “Leading up to the point”: Johns 1937, 221-222.

  p. 121 Kreymborg’s accomplishments: Norris 2011, 2.

  p. 121 “Great granddaddy”: Archibald MacLeish to Kreymborg, 10 Dec. 1941.

  p. 121 Stieglitz circle: Norris 2011, 4, and ronsilliman.blogspot.com, Jan. 2012.

  p. 121 The Glebe: Newcomb 2012, 271 fn 26.

  p. 121 Others and Broom: Hoffman et al. 1947, 45-46.

  p. 121 Moved to Ridgefield shacks: Avrich 2005, 509 fn 377.

  p. 121 “First dada sports”: Wetzsteon 2003, 351.

  p. 121 Others began: Kreymborg 1925, 238.

  p. 122 Play ball and talk: Mariani 1990, 123.

  p. 122 “Condemning the world at large”: Kreymborg to Harriet Monroe, 6 June 1915, in Parisi and Young 2002.

  p. 122 Skipwith Cannell: Davis et al, 126.

  p. 122 Arsenberg provided the funds: “Walter Arsenberg” 2010.

  p. 122 Published an annual: Braddock 2013, 59.

  p. 122 “Everybody is reading poetry”: Benjamin 1919.

  p. 122 “Crowds of people”: Monroe 1916.

  p. 122 “This Summer’s Style in Poetry�
��: Julius 1915.

  p. 122 “Modernism…really begins”: Rexroth 1961, 155.

  p. 122 “Devoted pair of friends”: Kreymborg 1925, 326; and Churchill 2006, 56.

  p. 122 “Kept the movement going”: Kreymborg 1925, 257.

  p. 123 Ridge and Kreymborg neighbors: Sproat to Burke, 31 Jan. 1978, and length of stay confirmed by personal communication with Christine Colburn at the Special Collections Research Center, University of Chicago Library.

  p. 123 Sandburg first read Ridge: Ridge to Carl Zigrosser, [1919].

  p. 123 “Feared to be identified with the crowd”: Ridge Nov. 1921[b].

  p. 123 “Mountainous breasts tremble”: Ridge Dec. 1918[b].

  p. 123 Kreymborg liked “Song of Iron”: Kreymborg 1918/1919.

  p. 123 Pulled out by the roots: Ridge to Dawson, 16 July 1919.

  p. 124 “Insurgent, heterodox character”: Churchill 2006, 13.

  p. 124 Three hundred subscribers: Kreymborg, 1925, 12.

  p. 124 “There are always others”: “Alfred Kreymborg: Biography,” poetryfoundation.org.

  p. 124 “Like taking out a swallowed fish hook”: Robert Frost to Lola Ridge, 24 Apr. 1919.

  p. 124 Frost eventually sent a check and three poems: Churchill 2006, 7.

  p. 124 “Significant modernist choice”: Newcomb 2012, 80.

  p. 124 “I-am-it school”: Henderson 1916.

  p. 124 “Cutting its ‘I’ teeth”: Wood 1919.

  p. 124 “Free running sewer”: qtd. in Parisi and Young 2002, 124.

  p. 124 “Perceptually disjunct and socially heterogeneous”: Newcomb 2012, 82.

  p. 125 “Broadened the purview”: Wheeler 2008, 34.

  p. 125 Art and other genres: Hills and Luce 1921.

  p.125 “Everything of individual quality”: Ridge to an unknown recipient, [spring 1922]. Broom correspondence.

  p. 125 Aunt of the poet: “Helen Hoyt.” Poetry Foundation poetryfoundation.org 2015.

  p. 125 “Woman will tell of herself”: Hoyt 1916.

  p. 125 “Mystery woman”: Ridge Mar. 1921.

  p. 125 Harrowing year of near starvation: “Evelyn Scott: An Inventory of Her Collection at the Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center,” Texas Archival Resources Online, Harry Ransom Humanities Research Center, University of Texas at Austin.

  p. 125 “Impossible for two women”: Scott to Ridge, 1919.

  p. 125 “Keep always like a flower”: Ridge to Scott, [1919].

  p. 125 “My thought reaches out to you…”: ibid.

  p. 125 “Moulding you with fire”: Scott to Ridge, [summer] 1920.

  p. 125 Scott’s seductions: Scott to Ridge, 7 Jan. 1922, qtd. in Mariani 1990, 215; Newcomb 2012, 287; and Tyrer 1998, 16.

  p. 125 Agreed to Rio: Ridge to Dawson, [1919], Scott to Ridge, 1919, and Cyril Kay-Scott to Ridge, 1919.

  p. 127 “Lola Ridge!!”: Rodker 1920[b].

  p. 127 “John Rodker’s Frog”: Loy 1920[a].

  p. 127 “Had we been frogs”: Rodker 1920[a], 24.

  p. 127 “Impotent neurotics”: ibid.

  p. 127 “God damn/woman”: Rodker 1920[a], 20.

  p. 127 Manuscript permanently mislaid: Loeb to Ridge, 7 Sept. 1922 and 19 Feb. 1923.

  Chapter 14 — Soirées

  p. 128 Weekly soirées: Ridge to Dawson, [1920].

  p. 128 “All in that group”: Flossie Williams 1964.

  p. 128 “Yeast…was tremendously stirring”: Williams 1951, 136.

  p. 128 “Printed page was not enough”: Kreymborg 1925, 240.

  p. 128 Becoming a major force: Churchill 2006, 56.

  p. 128 “She was charismatic”: qtd. in Callard 1986, 58.

  p. 129 “Aesthetic merits of salon conversation”: Swanson 2012.

  p. 129 “No one laughed”: Scott 1923, 55.

  p. 129 “Well-bred to the point of discomfort”: ibid., 8.

  p. 129 “Remembered with despair”: ibid., 235.

  p. 129 “I am a bitter female”: ibid., 156.

  p. 129 Sanger held soirées: Sanger 2010/1938, 70.

  p. 129 Dodge’s salons: Scott and Rutkoff 2001, 76, 80.

  p. 129 Cather’s salons: Skaggs 2007, 42.

  p. 129 “Inside of a stomach”: Barnet 2004, 46.

  p. 129 Toomer’s reading group: Woodson, 39.

  p. 129 Millay’s soirées: ibid., 46, 106.

  p. 130 “Keep the flame of literature alive”: Kondritzer 1984, 13.

  p. 130 “[Ridge] kept the movement going”: Kreymborg 1925, 257-258.

  p. 130 “Arguments over Cubism”: Williams 1951, 135.

  p. 130 “Intensified his quest”: Wagner-Martin 2000.

  p. 130 So new few understood it: Williams 1951, 155.

  p. 130 “Rend and pull apart”: Ridge 1926.

  p. 130 “Vestal of the Arts”: Williams 1951, 163.

  p. 130 “Flattened her with a stiff punch”: ibid., 169.

  p. 130 “Marianne was our saint”: ibid., 146.

  p. 130 “American quality in poetry”: Marianne Moore to Ridge, 25 May 1920.

  p. 130 Moore’s 1915 visit to Kreymborg: Moore 2002, 391.

  p. 130 Picnic at the Ridgefield shacks: Stansell 2009, 99.

  p. 131 “Pass as a novelty”: Moore 1961.

  p. 131 “Rapids of an intelligent stream”: Kreymborg 1925, 239.

  p. 131 Socialism and suffrage: Schulman 1997.

  p. 131 “We all are socialists”: Moore, letter from college, 1909.

  p. 131 “Radical”: Moore 1919.

  p. 131 “The color of the set-/ting sun”: Burt 2003.

  p. 131 “Moral force in light blue”: Moore 1963.

  p. 131 “Sojourn in the Whale”: Moore to Ridge, 19 Apr. [1919].

  p. 132 Ridge and Colum her main contacts: Stubbs 2009.

  p. 132 “Practically recluses”: Ridge to Louise Adams Floyd, [subsequent to 1927].

  p. 132 Religious mania, amputation: Sehgal 2013.

  p. 132 “A little painting for fun”: Holley 2009, 7-8.

  p. 132 Female identity and Americanness: Erkkila 1992, 120.

  p. 132 Encouraged guest participation: Brooker and Thacker 2012.

  p. 132 “England” at two a.m.: Kreymborg 1925, 160.

  p. 132 “Even Stevens was inspired”: ibid.

  p. 133 Thayer had rejected the poem: Page and Moore 1994, 36.

  p. 133 Tea and walked her home: Holley 2009, 45; and Moore 2002, 425.

  p. 133 “Marriage”: Leavell 2007, 64.

  p. 133 Replaced as editor-in-chief: Hoffman et al. 1946, 200.

  p. 133 “My dear Hart Crane”: Ridge to Hart Crane, 5 Apr. 1919.

  p. 133 Published at sixteen: Lloyd 2011.

  p. 133 Pound’s demand to Little Review: Pound 1989, 185.

  p. 133 Crane’s rented room: Kondritzer 1984, 15.

  p. 133 Williams accepted but never printed: Mariani 1990, 137.

  p. 133 At the time of Ridge’s first parties: Reed 2006, 31; Unterecker 1969, 137; and “Hart Crane: Biography,” poetryfoundation.org.

  p. 133 Review of The Ghetto: Crane 1919.

  p. 133 “Over the black bridge”: Ridge 1918, 49.

  p. 133 Introduced Loy to Bogan: Burke 1996, 288; and Frank 1986, 43.

  p. 134 Bogan’s Robin Hood: Frank 1986, 43.

  p. 134 Loy’s baby, boxer/artist: Hanscombe and Smyers 1987, 112-128; and Kouidis 2000.

  p. 134 “Betrothed” and “Young Wife”: Frank 1986, 40.

  p. 134 “Summer Night in a Florentine Slum”: Loy 1920[b].

  p. 134 Return to the poor and oppressed: Dunn 1999.

  p. 134 Toomer attended in May 1920: Kerman 1989, 72.

  p. 134 Introduced by a mutual friend: Whalan 2006, 18.

  p. 134 “Studied twenty years hence”: Kerman 1989, 106, and Toomer 2011/1923, 229.

  p. 134 “Delicately impressionistic…”: Ridge to Jean Toomer, 12 Oct. 1920.

  p. 135 “Young Indian boy”: Ridge to Loeb, 1922.

  p. 135 First African American governor: Rampers
and 1987.

  p. 135 “First American”: Turner 1983, 121.

  p. 135 Women to support him: Rampersand 1987.

  p. 135 “Sharpened knives” East 2009, 26.

  p. 135 “A toga about his spare form”: Kreymborg 1925, 114.

  p. 135 Hartley published in: Ludington 1992, 137, 138, 145.

  p. 135 “The Fishmonger”: Ludington 1992, 137-138, 145; and Kreymborg 1920, 61.

  p. 135 Carnevali, immigrant, labor, prize: Halio 2008, 21.

  p. 135 Spirit of a Ridge party: Carnevali 1925, 247.

  p. 135 Post-Adolescence: McAlmon 1923.

  p. 135 “Always so bored…”: Moore, Conversation Notebooks, 25 Feb. 1921.

  p. 135 “Piggy”: Leavell 2013, 187.

  p. 135 “Cross and the crown”: ibid., 1 Mar. 1921.

  p. 135 “He talks just that way”: ibid., 7 Oct. 1921.

  p. 136 “Isn’t Ezra married?”: ibid., 8 Feb. 1921.

  Chapter 15 — “Woman and the Creative Will”

  p. 137 “Never will be a really great woman artist”: Ridge 1981/1919, 9.

  p. 137 “Why have there been no great woman artists?”: Nochlin 1971.

  p. 137 “A Room of One’s Own”: Woolf 1929.

  p. 137 “Women in Art and Literature”: Pitt 1911.

  p.137 “Art is Human”: Gilman 1914, “Men and Art.”

  p. 137 “Quiet as possible”: Ridge to Dawson, 1919.

  p. 137 Changing the title: Ridge to Dawson, 4 Feb. 1919.

  p. 137 The triumvirate: Wood 1972, 6.

  p. 137 “A bohemian lifestyle”: Bookchin 2001, 8.

  p. 138 “Genius”: Ridge 1981/1919, 9.

  p. 138 “Many gifted [women]”: ibid., 6.

  p. 138 Positive notice of Lagerlof: Ridge July/Aug. 1918.

  p. 138 “Belongs in spirit”: Ridge 1981/1919, 6.

  p. 138 “Largest share of intuition”: ibid., 8.

  p. 138 “Must be united in one individual”: ibid., 9.

  p. 138 “Correlating thought,” “grasp truth”: ibid.

  p. 138 “Easily squandered”: ibid.

  p. 138 “Quality of the spirit”: ibid.

  p. 138 “Women of genius are … men”: ibid., 10.

  p. 138 “No woman has yet made herself ridiculous…”: ibid.

  p. 139 “Naturally predatory”: ibid., 14.

  p. 139 “A girl slave who had the temerity…”: ibid., 15.

  p. 139 “The so-called courtesans”: ibid.

  p. 139 “Occupation by women of men’s places”: ibid., 18.