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MANUSCRIPT SOURCES
Amistad Research Center, Dillard University, New Orleans
American Missionary Association Papers (This collection was consulted when still housed in the Fisk University Library, Nashville, Tennessee.)
Duke University Library, Durham, North Carolina
Andrews Papers Charles N. Hunter Scrapbook
Armisted L. Burt Papers MacRae Papers
Henry S. Clark Papers T. J. McKie Papers
Francis W. Dawson Papers McLaurin Papers
DeRenne Papers Joseph Belknap Smith Papers
Benjamin S. Hedrick Papers Missouria Stokes Papers
Augustin L. Taveau Papers William N. Tillinghast Papers
Ella Gertrude (Clanton) Thomas Journal
Historical Society of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
American Negro Historical Society Papers, Jacob C. White, Jr., Papers Cadwalader
Collection, J. F. Fisher Section, Henry Middleton and Wife
Edward Carey Gardiner Collection, Carey Papers
Sarah P. Miller Payne, Letters to Mary Clendenin and Nancy Hartshorne Clendenin Freeman, 1865–1872
Pennsylvania Society for Promoting the Abolition of Slavery Papers
Howard University Library, Washington, D.C.
George L. Ruffin Papers
Henry E. Huntington Library, San Marino, California
Brock Collection
Glazier Collection Main File
Library of Congress, Washington, D.C.
Thaddeus Stevens Papers Carter G. Woodson Collection
Louisiana State Department of Archives and History, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge
Henry Anderson Papers Gustave Lauve Papers
Pierre G. T. Beauregard Papers St. John R. Liddell and Family Papers
R. J. Causey Papers William N. Mercer Papers
Alexander E. De Clouet Papers Alexander F. Pugh and Family Papers
Emily Caroline Douglas Papers W. W. Pugh Papers
Christian D. Koch Papers Micajah Wilkinson Papers
National Archives, Washington, D. C.
Bureau of Refugees, Freedmen, and Abandoned Lands (Freedmen’s Bureau)
Records of the Assistant Commissioners (Letters Received)
Records of the Subordinate Field Offices
Registers of Letters Received
New York Public Library, New York
Shaw Family Papers
North Carolina State Department of Archives and History, Raleigh
James H. Harris Papers
Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library
John E. Bruce Papers
South Carolina Department of Archives and History, Columbia
Manigault Papers
South Caroliniana Library, University of South Carolina, Columbia
Ball Family Papers Heyward Family Papers
John S. Bogert Papers Emma E. Holmes Diary
Bruce-Jones-Murchison Papers Miscellaneous Correspondence
Bonds Conway Papers Thomas J. Moore Papers
Deas Papers Dr. Edward Smith Tennent Papers
Glover-North Family Papers Williams-Chesnut-Manning Papers
Southern Historical Collection, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill
Samuel A. Agnew Diary Josiah Gorgas Journal
Avery Family Papers Gregorie-Elliott Family Papers
Everard Green Baker Diaries Robert Philip Howell Memoirs
Bayside Plantation Records Kean-Prescott Family Papers
Jesse and Overton Bernard Diaries Lenoir Family Papers
John Houston Bills Diary William Gaston Lewis Papers
Catherine Barbara Broun Diary Mackay-Stiles Papers
John Hamilton Cornish Diary Manigault Plantation Records
De Rosset Family Papers William Porcher Miles Papers
Belle Edmondson Diary Miscellaneous Correspondence
Grace B. Elmore Diaries Thomas J. Myers Papers
James J. Philips Collection George C. Taylor Collection
Quitman Papers Trenholm Papers
William D. Simpson Papers James W. White Papers
NEWSPAPERS
Anglo-African (New York) New Era (Washington, D.C.)
Black Republican (New Orleans) New National Era (Washington, D.C.)
Bulletin (Louisville) New Orleans Tribune (New Orleans)
Christian Recorder (Philadelphia) New York Times (New York)
Colored Ameri
can (Augusta, Ga.) New York Tribune (New York)
Colored Tennessean (Nashville) St. Landry Progress (Opelousas, La.)
Douglass’ Monthly (Rochester) Semi-Weekly Louisianian (New Orleans)
Freedman’s Press (Austin, Texas) South Carolina Leader (Charleston)
Free Man’s Press (Austin, Texas) Tennessean (Nashville)
Free Press (Charleston, S.C.) The Union (New Orleans)
Louisianian (New Orleans) Weekly Louisianian (New Orleans)
Loyal Georgian (Augusta) Workingman’s Advocate (Chicago)
Missionary Record (Charleston, S.C.)
A Note About the Author
Leon F. Litwack was born in Santa Barbara, California, in 1929. He received his B.A., M.A., and Ph.D. from the University of California at Berkeley, where he is currently Professor of History. Mr. Litwack has also taught at the universities of Wisconsin and South Carolina and at Colorado College. He has been the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship, a Distinguished Teaching Award, and a National Endowment for the Humanities Film Grant, with which he produced To Look for America in 1971. His latest book, Trouble in Mind, is available in hardcover from Alfred A. Knopf, Inc.
LEON F. LITWACK
Leon F. Litwack is the author of Trouble in Mind: Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow and Been in the Storm So Long, which won the Pulitzer Prize in History and the Parkman Prize. He is the recipient of a Guggenheim Fellowship, two Distinguished Teaching Awards, and a National Endowment for the Humanities Film Grant, and is Professor of American History Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley.
Books by Leon F. Litwack
Trouble in Mind:
Black Southerners in the Age of Jim Crow
Been in the Storm So Long: The Aftermath of Slavery
BOOKS BY LEON F. LITWACK
BEEN IN THE STORM SO LONG
The Aftermath of Slavery
Based on hitherto unexamined sources—interviews with ex-slaves, and diaries and accounts by former slaveholders— this “rich and admirably written book” (The New York Times Book Review) aims to show how, during the Civil War and after Emancipation, blacks and whites interacted in ways that dramatized not only their mutual dependency but the frightening ambiguities and tensions that had always been latent in “the peculiar institution.”