The American Plague

by Molly Caldwell Crosby

  solar eclipse, Memphis

  soldier volunteers for human experiments

  Sontag, Charles G.

  Soper, Fred .

  South America and yellow fever

  southern U.S. and yellow fever

  South Memphis, evading quarantine

  Spanish-American War

  Spielman, Andrew

  spotted fever

  “squatters,”

  St. Lazarus-Grace Church

  St. Louis encephalitis

  St. Mary’s Cathedral (Martyrs of Memphis)

  St. Thomas Episcopal Church

  Stanley, Mr.

  Stark, Major

  state of emergency in Mississippi Valley

  State Savings Bank, Memphis

  state vs. federal rights

  steamers and yellow fever

  Sternberg, George M. (Surgeon General, “America’s Bacteriologist”)

  background of

  bacteria theory

  blood experiments

  children as subjects for medical testing

  gonorrhea self-experimentation

  Sternberg, George M. (continued)

  mosquito theory

  retirement of

  “Round Robin” letter and

  Typhoid Commission

  vivisection (human experiments)

  Walter Reed and

  Walter Reed Memorial Association

  Walter Reed’s report on mosquito theory

  Yellow Fever Board (Cuba) and

  Stokes, Adrian (Dr.)

  strange occurrences in Memphis

  “stranger’s disease,”

  striped house mosquito (Aedes aegypti) . See also mosquitoes

  sugar industry and Cuba

  sulfur for disinfection

  Surgeon General’s Library (National Library of Medicine)

  swatting (attraction to) by mosquitoes

  sweat baths for yellow fever

  symptoms of yellow fever

  Taft, William H. (Secretary of War)

  Tate, R. H. (Dr.)

  taxing district of the state, Memphis as

  telephone, invention

  temperance movement and Carnival (Memphis Mardi Gras)

  Tennessee Club, Memphis

  Tennyson, Alfred Lord

  Ten Years War

  Thecla (Sister)

  Theiler, Max

  tiger mosquito (Aedes albopictus). See also mosquitoes

  tires as homes for mosquitoes

  Tokyo trials

  trade and transportation hub, Memphis

  travel adaptability of mosquitoes

  treatments (ineffective) for yellow fever

  trentina (thirty days)

  tropical medicine

  Truby, Albert (Dr.)

  background of

  Jesse Lazear and

  Juan Guitéras and

  mosquito theory

  Walter Reed and

  William E. Dean (Patient XY) and

  Yellow Fever Board (Cuba) and

  tuberculosis

  Turner, Frederick Jackson

  Turner, G.P.M. (Attorney General)

  Twain, Mark

  typhoid

  Ulks

  United States (present day). See also mosquitoes; mosquito theory; yellow fever

  comeback of yellow fever

  epidemic

  vaccine for yellow fever

  Yellow Fever Commission, Nigeria ()

  University of Havana

  University of Maryland

  University of the City of New York

  University of Virginia

  unrecorded cases of yellow fever, Memphis

  “unworthy,” “worthy” perished for the

  upper vs. lower class in Memphis

  urban yellow fever

  U.S. Army Medical Corps

  U.S. capital, moved from Philadelphia to Washington .C.

  U.S. Department of Agriculture

  USS Maine

  USS Yale

  vaccines

  Vaughan, Victor Clarence (Dr.)

  virulency of yellow fever

  virus discovery

  viruses

  Viruses, Plagues, and History (Oldstone)

  virus from mosquito to human to mosquito

  vivisection (human experiments)

  volunteers for human experiments

  vomito negro (black vomit). See also yellow fever

  Walsh, Mr. (county undertaker)

  Walter Reed Army Institute of Research

  Walter Reed Army Medical Center

  Walter Reed General Hospital

  Walter Reed Memorial Association

  Walter Reed National Military Medical Center

  Waring, George (Colonel)

  “Waring System,”

  Warner, E. .

  Warner, Lena Angevine

  “war of the doctors,”

  Warren, William

  Wasdin, Eugene

  Washington, George (President)

  Washington and Jefferson College

  Washington Post

  Weatherwalks, Edward

  Welch, William (Dr.)

  West, Clyde .

  West Indies and yellow fever

  West Nile

  White, W. A. (Dr.)

  white blood cells (B cells)

  whites and death from yellow fever

  WHO (World Health Organization)

  Widal test

  “wigglers,”

  Wilkerson Drugs, Memphis

  Williams, Greer

  Wilson, Bruce

  Winchester, James

  Wolf River, Memphis

  Woodworth, John M. (Surgeon General)

  World Health Organization (WHO)

  “worthy,” perished for the “unworthy,”

  Writer, Jim

  Yale (USS)

  “yard sales” for slaves

  yellow cardboard to mark doorway of

  yellow fever. See also Cuba (); Memphis (); mosquitoes; mosquito theory; United States (present day)

  African rain forest and

  age of patient and

  antibiotics vs.

  atmospheric conditions and

  bacteria theory

  bioterrorism and

  yellow fever (continued)

  blacks and death from

  cells (healthy) for replicating virus

  children and death from

  Civil War and

  comeback of

  convalescent period of

  deaths from

  disinfectants

  Ebola vs.

  El Niño cycle impact on

  epidemic, single case as

  epidemics ofand

  fear created from

  flavivirus

  germ theory

  horrors (mysterious) of

  immigrants and death from

  immunity to

  incubation period of

  journey from Old World

  jungle yellow fever

  monkeys as hosts for

  noncontagious, yellow fever as

  North America and

  northern U.S. and

  panic created from

  plague, defined

  quarantines

  reasons for

  recovery period and return of

  sanitation and

  self-medications for

  skin, transmission through

  slave trade and

  southern U.S. and

  symptoms of

  treatments (ineffective) for

  urban yellow fever

  vaccines

  virulency of

  virus discovery

  viruses

  West Indies and

  whites and death from

  Yellow Fever Board (Cuba)

  Yellow Fever Commission (Havana)

  Yellow Fever Commission (Nigeria)

  Yellow Fever Commission of Experts ()

  yellow fever weather

  yellow jack.
See also yellow fever

  Yellow Jack (Pierce and Writer)

  Young, Casey H.

  Young, William (Dr.)