15. For Sidney Hook’s ideas on the subject, see his The Hero in History (Boston: Beacon Press, 1943).
MAPS
INDEX
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Abbott, George, 377
Acheson, Dean, 340, 341, 404, 423–24
ACP (Annam Communist Party; An nam Cong san Dang), xiii, 159, 160–61, 162, 163, 164, 166
Africa, 49, 50
agriculture, 175–76, 294, 325, 466, 488, 506–8
collectivized, 430, 506–8, 521, 568
land reform and, 437, 444–46, 475–81, 482–88, 490, 491, 508, 511, 521
rice in, 175, 176, 197, 294, 307, 325, 553
agrovilles, 509–11, 518, 530
Air Ground Aid Services (AGAS), 287–88, 289, 292, 293, 297, 299, 301, 329
Alessandri, Marcel, 339, 353, 358
André, Max, 358, 373
Annam, 13, 90, 107, 138, 175, 179, 180, 185, 190, 207, 215–16, 253, 313, 355, 375
Annam Communist Party (ACP; An nam Cong san Dang), xiii, 159, 160–61, 162, 163, 164, 166
Anti-Imperialist League, 148
Army of the Republic of Vietnam (ARVN), xiii, 542
Arnoux, Paul, 60
Ashmore, Harry, 556
Associated State of Vietnam (ASV), xiii, 412, 416
Association of Annamite Patriots (Association des Patriotes Annamites), 57–58, 78
Association of Like Minds (Society of Like Minds; Tam Tam Xa), xiii, 116–18, 119, 120
ASV (Associated State of Vietnam), xiii, 412, 416
Atlantic Charter, 341
Aubrac, Raymond, 377, 556
August Revolution, 307–24, 328, 332, 338, 343–44, 348, 362, 385, 429, 496
Auriol, Vincent, 447
Bac Ninh, 277
Bac Son, 244, 247, 262, 277
Bagehot, Walter, 571
Baggs, William, 556
Bao Dai (Vinh Thuy), 338, 347, 348, 355–56, 359–60, 361, 365, 388–89
abdication of, 320, 338
Associated Stare of Vietnam formed by, 412, 413, 416
Diem and, 468–69
and division of Vietnam, 457
as emperor, 288, 295, 307, 309, 310, 313, 314–15
Franco-Vietminh conflict and, 402–3, 408, 412, 413, 415, 417, 423, 424, 425, 432, 437, 441, 456, 459
Barbusse, Henri, 55
Beau, Paul, 30, 36, 54
Ben Thuy, 179
Berlin, 148, 149, 150
Bernard, Harry, 288
Bernstein, Eduard, 70
Bidault, Georges, 365, 370, 371, 372–73, 378–79, 381, 382, 392, 395
Bien Hoa, 543
Binh Gia, 543
blacks, 50, 51
Blanqui, Auguste, 70, 117
Blum, Léon, 63, 226, 393, 395, 396, 401, 402
Bollaert, Emile, 402, 403, 406–7, 408, 412, 415
Bolshevik, 216–17
Bolsheviks, 63, 64, 87, 90–91, 94, 104, 115, 135, 212, 252, 256
Bonnet, Henri, 404, 455
Borodin, Mikhail, 103, 106, 112, 113, 143, 144, 213
Boudarel, Georges, 436
Boston, Mass., 50–51
Brezhnev, Leonid, 542
Britain, 11, 125, 328, 340, 341, 425, 426, 496, 500
Ho in, 51–54, 62
Ho’s arrest and, 203, 204–5, 207–8
southern zone of French Indochina occupied by, 318, 332, 333–34, 336–37
in World War II, 239, 248
Bruce, David, 424
Buddhists, 136, 526, 532
Bui Lam, 348
Bui Quang Chieu, 47, 111, 139, 140, 141, 166, 197, 218
Bukharin, Nikolai, 98
Burma, 508
Byrnes, James, 366, 404
Cachin, Marcel, 63, 71, 72, 73
Caffery, Jefferson, 357, 377, 390, 404, 406
Cairo Conference, 327
Cambodia, 111, 216, 246, 253, 278, 375, 390, 438–39, 463, 516, 568
Franco-Vietminh conflict and, 413–14, 441, 448, 458
Khmer Rouge in, xvi, 456, 457, 565
U.S. and, 459
Cambon, Jules, 203
Cao Bang, 260–61, 262, 279, 296, 432
Cao Dai sect, xiv, 333, 408, 468–69, 473
Can Vuong movement, 13, 15, 21, 24, 29, 117, 151
Canada, 459
Canton (Guangzhou), 103–4, 105–6, 112–13, 243
Ho’s nationalist activities in, 103–4, 112–16, 119–45, 146
labor strikes in, 142
Cao Xuan Due, 28, 32
capitalism, 62–63, 160, 168, 576
Carpentier, Marcel, 431, 447
Catholics, 349, 465–66, 468, 486–87, 488, 526, 532
Catroux, Georges, 239, 243
CCP, see Chinese Communist Party
Cédile, Jean, 334–35, 337, 353
Central Office for South Vietnam (COSVN), xiv, 441, 492, 526, 543
Champa, 11
Chen Geng, 431, 432
Chen Jiongming, 106
Chennault, Claire, 288, 290–91, 292
Chiang Kai-shek, 112, 143, 237, 245, 248, 264, 266, 271, 276–77, 278, 293, 327, 365, 404, 416, 417
Communists and, 143–44, 146, 178, 209, 228, 229, 236, 245, 254, 293
China, 49, 74–75, 105–6, 111, 114, 141–43, 146, 147, 156, 178, 183, 228, 229, 258, 263, 275, 464
Canton, see Canton
Communist victory in, 415, 416, 417, 418, 425, 429, 446
France and, 13, 419, 420, 427
Ho in, 228, 229–50, 263–76
Japanese aggression against, 229, 230–31, 232, 237, 243–44, 248, 255, 291
Korea and, 449
Nationalist Party in, see Kuomintang
northern zone of French Indochina occupied by, 318, 319, 326–29, 331, 337–39, 340, 342, 348, 350–51, 354, 357, 358, 359, 360, 361, 362, 363, 365
Soviet Union and, 74, 106, 112, 144
SRV and, 568
U.S. and, 417
Vietnam and, 9–11, 12–14, 17, 111, 262, 361, 425, 435–38
China, People’s Republic of (PRC), 417–18, 425, 426, 429, 501
DRV and, 419, 420, 423, 425, 426–30, 460, 471–72, 473, 520–24, 531–32, 535, 537, 541, 544, 546–50, 559
Franco-Vietminh conflict and, 414, 416, 417–20, 422–23, 426–28, 430, 432, 435, 440, 449, 450, 451–52, 453, 455, 458–59, 452, 453, 456–57
Great Leap Forward in, 506–7, 520
land reform in, 437, 475, 477
Red Guards of, 549–50
Soviet Union and, 417, 418, 420–21, 422, 496–97, 502, 519, 520, 522–24, 527, 531, 532, 535, 548
U.S. and, 471
Vietminh influenced by, 435–38, 440
Chinese Communist Party (CCP), xiv, 106, 112, 129, 146, 153, 154, 156, 162, 178, 181–83, 209, 210, 219, 228, 230, 236, 237, 241, 260, 264, 391, 464, 520
Chinese Nationalists and, 106, 112, 143–44, 229, 231, 232, 404, 420
Franco-Vietminh conflict and, 414, 416, 417–20, 422–23, 427–30
Hundred Flowers campaign in, 490
Mao’s ideas and, 255
Chinese Military Advisory Group (CMAG), 426–27
Chongqing, 237, 243
Chu Van Tan, 262, 279, 296, 409
in DRV government, 321
Churchill, Winston, 366
CMT, see Comintern
Coc Bo, 250
Cochin China, 12, 13, 31, 38, 42, 89–90, 107, 110–12, 138, 139, 164, 180, 185, 195, 214–16, 246, 247, 253, 319, 334, 337, 354, 355, 368, 374–76, 380–82, 384, 388, 390
as autonomous republic, 368, 369, 370, 373
Franco-Vietminh War and, 408, 413, 441
provisional government in, 373
uprising in, 247, 248
Vietminh takeover in, 313–14, 315, 316
Cognacq, Maurice, 112, 138
Collins, J. Lawton, 469
Colonial School,
47–48, 49
Colonial Study Commission (Colonial Commission), 77–78, 79, 84, 89, 101
colonialism, 11, 13, 63, 105, 576
communism and, 65–66, 100, 101
U.S. attitudes toward, 283, 330
Comintern (Communist International; CMT), xiv, 70–73, 75, 85, 88–91, 94, 98, 106, 114, 124, 141, 148, 154, 157, 159, 160–63, 170, 178, 181, 185–87, 213, 218
Executive Committee of, 214
Fifth Congress of, 98–101
Ho as agent of, 9, 103–4, 121, 147, 189, 190, 192, 193, 200, 207, 209, 257, 319, 423
Ho’s letter co, 102–3
ICP admitted to, 214, 224
Second Congress of, 140, 156
Seventh Congress of, 220, 223–24, 225–26, 233, 252, 256
Sixth Congress of, 156–57, 158, 165–66, 213, 223, 224, 233
VCP and, 168, 169
Committee for National Salvation, 310, 312
Committee for the South (Uy ban Nam Bo), 315, 316, 332, 334, 335
committees of resistance and administration (CRAs), 410
communism, Communist Party, 74–75, 77, 114–15, 165, 420, 575–76
arrests of activists in, 201, 247
colonialism and, 65–66, 100, 101
Ho’s ideology and, 2, 3, 5, 6, 123, 375, 569–73, 575, 576–77
Ho’s work in creation of parties, 168–71
membership of, 221, 222
nationalism and, 65–66, 216–19, 221, 222, 223, 239, 252–54, 272, 348, 420, 438–39
shifts in strategy of, 156–57, 223–24, 228, 233
U.S. concerns about, 366–67, 378, 390, 392, 404, 405, 406, 412, 424, 425, 446, 459, 469–70
Vietnamese unrest and, 177–79, 180, 181–85, 186–98, 239
Vietnam’s need for, 156–64
see also socialism; specific parties and groups
Communist Group (Cong san Doan), 120
Communist International, see Comintern
Communist International, 218
Communist Party of Indochina (CPI; Dong duong Cong san Dang), xiv, 158, 159, 161, 162–63, 177, 178
Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU), xiv, 94, 99, 211–12, 213, 528
Twentieth Congress of, 481–82, 491, 493–94
Confucianism, 63, 75, 111, 325, 555
in Vietnam, 10, 17, 29, 31, 63, 115, 135, 136
Cong san Doan (Communist Group), 120
Constitutionalist Party, xiv, 111, 141, 157, 166, 276
Coste-Floret, Paul, 406–7
COSVN (Central Office for South Vietnam), xiv, 441, 492, 526, 543
CPI (Communist Party of Indochina; Dong duong Cong san Dang), xiv, 158, 159, 161, 162–63, 177, 178
CPSU (Communist Party of the Soviet Union), xiv, 94, 99, 211–12, 213, 528
Twentieth Congress of, 481–82, 491, 493–94
Cripps, Stafford, 207–8
Cuong De, 26, 244
Da Nang, 9, 12
Dai Viet, 11
Dai Viet Party, xiv–xv, 275, 310, 338, 339, 349
Daily Worker, 209
Daladier, Edouard, 236, 239
Dalburo, 88–89, 103–4, 147, 149–50, 161–62, 169, 212–14, 222, 227
Dalin, S. A., 103
Dang Thai Mai, 339
Dang Van Cap, 237–38, 248
D’Argencé, Lefebre, 462
D’Argenlieu, Thierry, 353–54, 357, 358, 360, 367–68, 369, 370, 373, 375, 380, 382, 388–89, 392–93, 395, 402
Day River, 433, 435
De Gaulle, Charles, 277, 278, 285, 318, 330–31, 353, 355, 357, 358, 372, 402
De Lattre de Tassigny, Jean, 434, 435, 442, 447
Decoux, Jean, 243–44, 277, 279, 294, 313–14
Democratic Party, xviii, 321, 352, 360, 387
Democratic Republic of Vietnam (DRV), xv, 306, 342, 462–67, 470–514, 515–61
Catholic community and, 486–87, 488
China and, 419, 420, 423, 425, 426–30, 460, 471–72, 473, 520–24, 531–32, 535, 537, 541, 544, 546–50, 559
Chinese influence on, 435–38, 440
Chinese Red Guards in, 549–50
collectivization in, 430, 506–8, 521, 568
constitution of, 388
defense efforts of, 346–48
and division of Vietnam, 457–58, 459–61
elections in, 325, 352, 353
establishment of, 8–9, 321
“four points” declaration of, 545, 546, 549, 559
French recognition of, 363
government formed in, 317, 320, 321, 352–53, 356, 359, 360, 361, 387–88
immediate actions of, 324–26
industry in, 522, 523, 568
intellectuals and, 488–91
land reform in, 437, 444–46, 475–81, 482–88, 490, 491, 508, 521
Le Duan appointed general secretary of, 499, 503
Le Duan elected first secretary of, 524
moderate image of, 326, 338, 344, 387, 467
modus vivendi and, 380, 381, 382, 386, 387, 388, 389
National Assembly of, 356, 359, 360–61, 386–88, 389, 507
and negotiations for Vietnamese independence, 353–80, 381, 383–87, 389, 390, 393, 401, 403, 412, 449–52
popular support sought by, 473–74
public protests against, 486–87, 490
radicalization in, 388, 474–75, 476
reunification and, 467–68, 469–70, 471, 493–95, 497–98, 499
South Vietnam policies of, 492–99, 503–4, 509, 511–14, 515–16, 521, 523–28, 530–54, 557
Soviet Union and, 342, 343, 391–92, 421–22, 324, 426, 430, 450–52, 454, 456–57, 460, 471–72, 473, 493, 500–501, 519–24, 530, 531, 535–38, 541–42, 544, 546, 548, 549
Tonkin Gulf incident and, 540, 541–42, 544
trade union conference in, 418
transition to socialism in, 438–39, 466, 467, 503, 504, 506–7, 516, 519, 521–22, 523
United Nations and, 500–501
U.S. and, 340–42, 343, 366–67, 573–74
U.S. bombing of, 543, 549, 552, 554, 556, 559, 560, 561
U.S. concerns about communist nature of, 378, 390, 391, 392, 404, 405, 406, 424, 469–70
U.S. recognition sought by, 405–6
in war with French, see Franco-Vietminh War
Deng Xiaoping, 541, 550
Depression, Great, 160, 174, 176, 215
Devillers, Philippe, 339, 391
Dewey, A. Peter, 335, 336
Dien Bien Phu, 448–49, 450, 452–55, 456, 475, 476
Dimitrov, 224
Do Muoi, 569
Do Ngoc Dzu, 161
Doc Lap Regiment, 414
doi moi, 568
Dombal, Thomas, 90–91, 92, 98, 141, 149
Dong Du (Journey to the East), 26
Dong Khanh, 14
Dong Khe, 431, 432
Dong Minh Hoi (Viet Nam Cach menh Dong minh Hoi; Vietnamese Revolutionary League), xv, 272–76, 287, 291–92, 297, 338, 349, 352, 360, 361, 387
Dong Thanh (D.T.), 238, 242
Doriot, Jacques, 55, 85, 101, 140–41, 147
Doumer, Paul, 27
DRV, see Democratic Republic of Vietnam
D.T. (Dong Thanh), 238, 242
Duc Thanh school, 39–40, 41–42
Ducroux, Joseph (Serge Lefranc), 193–94, 199–200, 201, 202
Dulles, Allen, 456
Dulles, John Foster, 449–50, 455, 459, 470, 516
Dumaine, Jacques, 372
Duong Van “Big” Minh, 1, 2, 534
Duy Tan, 35, 37
Duy Tan Hoi (Modernization Society), 26
economy, 308–9, 325, 337, 474, 475, 568
see also agriculture
Eden, Anthony, 471
Ehrenburg, Ilya, 227
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 446, 447, 452, 455, 459, 468, 469, 470, 516, 526, 528
elections:
in DRV, 325, 352, 353
in reunification plans, 459, 467–68, 469–70, 471, 479, 494, 508
Elliott,
Duong Van Mai, 445, 477
Ely, Paul, 454
Elysée Accords, 413, 414, 423, 424–25, 456
England, see Britain
Escoffier, Auguste, 52
Expressen, 451
Fall, Bernard, 7, 442
Far Eastern Bureau (FEB), 162, 166, 168, 170, 171, 192, 195, 196, 199, 201
Fatherland Front (Mat tran To quoc), xv, 474, 504
FCP, see French Communist Party
FEB, see Far Eastern Bureau
Federation of Communist Groups of Insulinde, 162
Federation of Young Communists, 193
FEF (French Expeditionary Forces), xv, 408, 415, 434, 447
Feng Yuxiang, 113, 143, 271
Fenn, Charles, 288–91, 294, 297, 329, 344, 570
Figuères, Léo, 430, 450
First Indochina War, see Franco-Vietminh War
Fischer, Ruth, 94
Folin, Bernard de, 335
Ford, Gerald, 564, 565
Fosdick, Raymond, 424–25
“four points” declaration, 545, 546, 549, 559
Fourteen Points, 58, 60
France:
China and, 13, 419, 420, 427
Free French forces and, 277, 278, 279, 283, 292, 300, 303, 318, 324
Ho in, 26, 47–48, 49, 54–86, 148, 149, 371–73, 374–80
Ho’s criticisms of, 75–76
political changes in, 354–55, 357, 369, 370, 392, 393, 395, 402, 407
Popular Front government in, 226, 233, 234, 236, 239
socialism in, 62, 63, 70–86; see also French Socialist Party
Vichy administration, 242, 243, 277, 288, 294, 313–14
Vietnam attacked by, 9, 11–12
Vietnamese community in, 54, 56–58, 82
in World War II, 239, 242, 248
see also French Indochina
Franco-Vietminh War, 399–433, 434–35, 441–61
Associated State of Vietnam formed during, xiii, 412, 416
Bao Dai and, 402–3, 408, 412, 413
border campaign in, 431–33
China and, 414, 416, 417–20, 422–23, 426–28, 430, 432, 435, 440, 449, 450, 451–52, 453, 455, 458–59, 452, 453, 456–57
Dien Bien Phu battle in, 448–49, 450, 452–55, 456, 475, 476
events leading to, 388–98
French role in precipitating, 398
Geneva Accords and, 452, 455–60, 464, 464, 465, 467, 468, 469, 470, 471, 489, 492, 495, 496, 497, 500, 505, 508, 509, 518, 520, 521, 530, 532, 533, 539, 545
Hoa Binh battle in, 441–42
napalm used in, 434
nationalist groups and, 411–12
Navarre Plan in, 447–48
negotiations in, 400–401, 403, 412, 413, 423, 424–25, 449–52
Operation Léa in, 407–10, 411
power station attack in, 397
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