For Lust of Knowing

by Robert Irwin

  28. Suleyman Nyang and Abed-Rabbo, ‘Bernard Lewis and Islamic Studies: An Assessment’, in Hussain, et. al. (eds), Orientalism, Islam and Islamists, pp. 259–84.

  29. Ahmad Ghorab, Subverting Islam: The Role of Orientalist Centres (London, 1995).

  30. For Sardar’s life and writings, see Ziauddin Sardar: A Reader (London, 2004) and Sardar, Desperately Seeking Paradise: Journeys of a Sceptical Muslim (London, 2004).

  31. Sardar, Orientalism.

  32. Ibid., pp. 17–26.

  33. Ibid., p. 23; cf. the corresponding page in R. W. Southern, Western Views of Islam in the Middle Ages (Harvard, Mass., 1962), p. 89.

  34. Sardar, Orientalism, pp. 23–4.

  35. Ibid., pp. 65–76.

  36. Some of Fazlur Rahman’s criticisms of Orientalism can be found in Rahman, ‘Islamic Studies and the Future of Islam’, in Malcolm H. Kerr (ed.), Islamic Studies: A Tradition and Its Problems (Malibu, Calif., 1980), pp. 125–33and in Rahman, ‘Approaches to Islam in Religious Studies: Review Essay’, in Richard C. Martin (ed.), Approaches to Islam in Religious Studies (Tucson, Arizona, 1985), pp. 189–202.

  37. Muhsin Mahdi, ‘Orientalism and the Study of Islamic Philosophy’, Journal of Islamic Studies, 1 (1990), pp. 73–98.

  Index

  Abbas, Ihsan, 292

  Abbasid caliphate, 186, 188, 202, 208, 246, 286

  as golden age, 242, 259

  Abbott, Nabia, 245, 292

  ‘Abd al-Malek, Umayyad Caliph, 23

  Abdel-Malek, Anouar, 5, 292, 324, 325

  ‘Abduh, Muhammad, 321

  Abed-Rabbo, Samir, 325

  Abominable Heresy or Sect of the Saracens (Peter the Venerable), 27

  Aboukir Bay, Battle (1798), 138

  Abraham, Massignon on, 226

  abrogation, Muslim doctrine, 24

  Abu al-Faraj, see Bar Hebraeus

  Abu al-Fida, 71, 92–3, 99, 118, 128

  Abudacnus (Joseph Barbatus), 90–91

  Abu-Lughod, Ibrahim, 292

  Abu Muslim, 208

  Abu Tammam, 37

  Action Francaise, 228

  Adams, Thomas, 97–8

  Adelard of Bath, 36, 53

  Aeschylus, 11–12, 16

  anti-Oriental attitude, 285

  Said on, 11, 282

  Aesop, fables, 84

  al-Afghani, Jamal al-Din, 169, 193, 311, 321

  After the Last Sky: Palestinian Lives (Said), 294, 305

  Ahmad, Aziz, 299–300

  Al-i Ahmad, Jalal, 312

  Aja’ib al-Maqdur, 103

  Ajami, Fuad, 245, 292–3, 308

  Ajurrumiyya, 80

  Alcorani seu legis Mahometi et Evangelistum concordiae liber (Postel), 70

  Alcorani textus universus (Marracci), 105–6

  Aleppo, 112, 215

  Alexander I, Tsar, 157

  Algar, Hamid, 318–19

  algebra, Arabictreatises, 28

  Algeria, French policy, 228

  Algiers, Orientalist conference (1905), 221

  Alhazen, see al-Haytham, Ibn (Alhazen)

  ‘Ali, Kurd, see Kurd ‘Ali

  ‘Ali ibn Abi Talib, 84, 128

  Almagest (Ptolemy), 34, 92

  Almoravids, 25, 175

  Alvarus, Paul, 25

  America, discovery, 61–2

  American Oriental Society, 146, 214

  Amis du Gandhi, Les, 227

  Among Arabic Manuscripts (Kratchkovsky), 231

  Anabasis (Xenophon), 16

  Analecta Orientalia ad Poeticam Aristoteleam (Margoliouth), 210

  al-Andalus, 25

  Andrewes, Lancelot, 76, 85, 87, 88–9

  Annales Veteris et Novi Testamenti (Ussher), 77

  Annali dell’Islam (Caetani), 203

  Anquetil-Duperron, Abraham Hyacinthe, 113, 125–6

  Antwerp, decline in status, 81

  Antwerp Polyglot Bible, 61, 73–4, 80–81, 95, 101

  Apollonius of Perga, 56

  Apology (al-Kindi), 163

  ‘Apology for Orientalism’ (Gabrieli), 324–5

  Arab caliphate, early history, 186–7

  Arab Christians, and PLO, 305

  Arabia Felix, 123

  Danish expedition (1761), 131–2, 153

  Arabian Medicine (Browne), 206

  Arabian Nights, The, 156, 161, 165, 177, see also Thousand and One Nights

  Arabic-English Dictionary (Cowan), 287

  Arabic-English Lexicon (Lane), 165

  Arabic Grammar (Wright), 287

  Arabic language

  colloquial, 134, 135–6, 238, 239

  dictionaries, 84

  grammars, 84

  Hebrew transliterations, 84

  Latin as prerequisite for study, 83–4

  learnt from Qur’an, 78

  paucity of manuscripts, 75, 78

  study of, 74–5, 76, 118–19

  Arabic literature, 45, 113, 128, 197–8, 212

  Arabic numerals, 28

  Arabic poetry, 143, 194, 197–8, 212–13, 246–7

  Arabic script, use in Soviet Russia, 232

  Arabic studies, 47–8, 85, 125

  patronage in, 85, 119–20

  Royalism and, 92, 94

  theology and, 85–6, 94, 109

  Arabic Thought in the Liberal Age (Hourani), 252

  Arabi Pasha, 182, 195

  Arabische Reich und sein Surz, Das (Wellhausen), 187

  Arabisches Wörterbuch (Wehr), 239, 265, 274

  ‘Arabism,’ 55–6

  Arab Predicament, The (Ajami), 293

  Arabs, Islam and the Arab Caliphate in the Early Middle Ages (Belyaev), 232–3

  Arab scholars

  access to Western publications, 240

  in American Orientalism, 245, 292

  works, 239–40

  Arab scholarship, Said on, 292–3

  Arabs in History, The (Lewis), 246, 259–60, 262, 321, 323

  Arab society

  Becker on, 199

  early, 172

  evolution, 242

  matriarchal and matrilocal, 184

  Arab universities, hierarchical structure, 240

  Arafat, Yasser, 278, 306

  Arberry, Arthur John, 6, 209, 238, 243–4, 291, 318

  obituary, 244

  Arculf, Bishop of Périgueux, 21

  Arianism, 20, 23, 291

  Arias Montano, Benito, 61, 74

  Aristotle, 16–17

  Arabic commentaries, 29, 31–2, 35, 54–6

  Latin translations, 55

  Arius, 20

  Arkoun, Mohammed, 292

  Arnold, Matthew, 294

  Arnold, Thomas, 218, 296

  Ars Magna (Lull), 47

  Artin, Yaqub Pasha, 165

  Aryan race

  Asian origins, 234

  contamination by Semitic peoples, 171

  superiority, 170

  ‘asabiyya, 149

  Asad, Muhammad, 314–15, 317

  Ascalon, Fatimid garrison, 37

  al-Ashraf Khalil, Mamluk Sultan, 38

  Ashtor, Eliahu, 271–2

  Asia

  romance of, 50–51

  Russian expansion in, 191

  Asia and Western Dominance (Panikkar), 293

  Asiatick Researches (journal), 146

  Asiatick Society of Bengal, 124, 139, 146, 160

  Assassins, The (Lewis), 260

  astrology, 59

  Astronomica (Manilius), 77

  astronomy

  Arab transmission, 34

  tables, 28

  Atiya, Aziz Suriyal, 10, 245

  Atjeh region, Sumatra, 200

  Atlantic Monthly, 262

  Auerbach, Eric, 279, 285, 289

  Augustine, St, 55

  Avempace, 59

  Averroes, 36, 42, 55, 59, 167

  and Aristotle, 35, 55

  Averroism, 35–6, 42, 46, 55, 56, 57, 58

  Avicenna, 29–30, 32, 33, 42, 55, 59, 75, 128

  Avignon university, and teach
ing of Arabic, 47–8

  Ayalon, David, 150, 271

  al-Azm, Sadik Jalal, 285, 296, 298, 299

  al-Azmeh, Aziz, 292

  Babis, messianic movement, 172, 205

  Bacchae, The (Euripides), 14–15

  Bacon, Roger, 37, 47, 54, 55

  Badawi, Mustafa, 292

  Badr, battle (624), 208, 268, 322

  Baer, Gabriel, 272

  Baha’ al-Din Zuhayr, 181

  Baha’is, 205

  Bahira, 20, 38

  Bailey, Harold, 219

  Baldwin, Stanley, 219

  Balfour, Arthur, 282

  Balkans, Ottoman advances in, 70, 72, 109

  ‘barbarian’, use of term, 10

  Barbatus, Joseph, see Abudacnus

  Barenboim, Daniel, 308

  Bar Hebraeus, 95, 96

  Barthélémy, Abbé, 134

  Bartlett, Robert, 50

  Bartold, Vasili Vladimirovich, 229–30

  Basel

  Council of (1341), 48

  Herbst imprisoned, 71–2

  Basra, Iraq, grammar, 144

  Batavia, 200

  Baudrillard, Jean, 291

  al-Baydawi, 153, 211

  Becker, Carl Heinrich, 190, 198–9, 201, 234, 247, 287

  influences on, 150

  Islam heir to Hellenism, 198, 203, 235

  Beckford, William, 8

  Beckingham, Charles, 237

  Bede, Venerable, 21

  Bedouin, perceived natural conservatism, 184

  Bedwell, William, 86, 87–8, 93, 94, 102

  Beeston, Alfred Felix Landon (‘Freddie’), 237, 266, 325

  Beginnings, intention and method (Said), 280

  Belgrade, capture (1521), 60

  Bell, Gertrude, 210

  Bellow, Saul, 251

  Belon, Pierre, 63

  Belyaev, E. A., 230, 232–3

  Belzoni, Giovanni Battista, 163

  Bentley, Richard, 77

  Berchem, Max van, 215

  Bernal, Martin, 5, 10, 59, 108

  Bernanos, Georges, 225

  Bernard of Clairvaux, 27

  Berque, Jacques, 228, 257, 298, 309

  Berthereau, Dom, 141–2

  Besant, Walter, 181

  ‘Between Orientalism and Historicism’ (Ahmad), 299–300

  Bevan, Anthony, 296

  Bhaba, Homi, 300

  Bible

  19th-century interest in, 180

  Arabic studies and, 85

  Authorized Version, 89, 92

  Book of Daniel, 211

  cabalistic meanings, 58

  chronology of, 73, 78, 184

  as corrupted revelation, 40, 326

  Exodus, veracity, 181

  Genesis, literal truth, 154

  Latin Vulgate, 73–4, 96

  New Testament, 40, 120, 181

  Old Testament, 90, 194

  polyglot, 73–4, 95–6

  as source, 171

  studies, 153, 154, 159

  vernacular languages, 49

  Bibliander, Theodor, 71, 72

  Biblia Sacra Arabica, 105

  Bibliotheca Geographorum Arabicorum (de Goeje), 287

  Bibliothèque Nationale, Paris, 157

  Bibliothèque orientale (D’Herbelot), 84, 113–16, 119, 284, 295

  al-Bitar, Nadim, 299

  Blachère, Régis, 228

  Black Athena: The Afroasiatic Roots of Classical Civilisation (Bernal), 5, 10, 108

  Blanquerna (Lull), 45–6

  Blind Owl, The (Hedayat), 312

  Bloy, Léon, 225

  Boccaccio, Giovanni, and Islam, 42–3

  Bodleian Library, Oxford, 90, 119

  Bodley, Sir Thomas, 85, 90

  Bologna university, and teaching of Arabic, 47–8

  Bonaparte, Napoleon, 142

  Egyptian expedition (1798), 9, 134, 136, 137, 138, 140, 283, 284

  Bonn, Middle East Studies Centre, 274

  Bonsignori, Bonsignore, 56

  Book of Contemplation, The (Lull), 44

  Book of the Gentile and the Three Wise Men, The (Lull), 44–5

  Bopp, Franz, 153, 156–7, 167, 214

  Bosworth, Edmund, 306

  Boulainvilliers, Henri, comte de, 116–17, 118

  Boullan, Abbé, 220

  Bowen, Harold, 122

  Brahmans, Aryan/non-Aryan division, 148

  Braudel, Fernand, 258

  Bricmont, Jean, 288, 289

  Britain

  17th-century intellectual interests, 80

  classical knowledge in, 207–8, 209

  imperialism, 112–13, 286

  Middle East, position in, 266

  Orientalism, 294, 324

  17th century, 80, 94, 101

  19th century, 159, 176–7, 180

  20th century, 237–9, 240–41, 253, 258, 265–6

  British East India Company, 112–13, 125, 179

  British Museum, 133

  British Society for Middle Eastern Studies, 275

  Brockelmann, Carl, 190, 234–5, 273, 283

  Brown, Peter, 22

  Browne, Edward Granville, 162, 172, 204–7, 209, 217, 324

  campaign for Persian freedom, 204, 206–7, 296

  personal appearance, 205–6

  Said on, 296

  Bryson, Bill, 83

  Buchan, John, 200

  Buddhism, importance in Indian culture, 315

  al-Bukhari, 319

  Bulaq Press, 165

  Bullard, Reader, 206

  Bulletin of the School of Oriental and African Studies, 321

  Burckhardt, Jacob, 283

  Burlington House, Persian Exhibition (1931), 218

  Burnett, Charles, 302

  Burnouf, Eugène, 125, 150

  Burton, Sir Richard, 161, 165, 177, 181, 182

  Busbecq, Ogier Ghiselin de, 61, 63, 109–10

  Byron, Lord, 124

  Cabala, 58, 66, 68

  cabalism, Christian, 58, 66

  cabinets of curiosity, 64, 108, 129–30

  Cachia, Pierre, 292

  Caesarius of Heisterbach, 52

  Caetani, Leone, Prince of Teano and Duke of Sermoneta, 203, 204, 324

  Cahen, Claude, 216, 228, 254–5, 298

  Calamities of Authors (Disraeli), 120

  Calasso, Roberto, 10

  California University, Near Eastern Centre, 246

  Caliphate, its rise, decline and fall, The (Muir), 162

  Calvino, Italo, 16

  Cambridge, Orientalist Congress (1954), 254

  Cambridge History of Islam, The, 286, 321

  Cambridge university, 204, 205

  18th-century decline, 117–18

  ArabicChair, 97, 119, 178–9, 179, 181, 183, 193, 206, 209, 243, 266, 275

  Chinese Chair, 157

  Oriental studies, 178, 206

  Campbell, Mary B., 53

  Canon (Avicenna), see al-Qanun fi al-Tibb

  Capitulations, 111

  Carlowitz, Treaty of (1699), 110

  Carmathians, schism, 195

  Carmen Tograi (Pococke ed.), 96–7

  Cartesian Linguistics (Chomsky), 144

  Casaubon, Isaac, 59, 76, 79, 89, 107

  Caspari, Karl Paul, 103, 153, 179

  Castell, Edmund, 96, 98–9

  Caxton, William, 71

  Chamberlain, Houston, 170

  Champollion, Jean François, 142, 150

  Chanson de Roland, 41, 327

  Chardin, Jean (jeweller), 70

  Chateaubriand, François René, vicomte de, 118

  Chatham House institute, 263

  Chatham House Version and Other Middle Eastern Essays, The (Kedourie), 263, 321

  Chechnya, holy war (1820s), 158

  China

  attitude to foreigners, 173

  deograms, 107

  Jesuit missions, 108

  studies, 129, 157

  China Monumentis (Kircher), 129

  Chinoiserie, 129

  chivalry, origin, 213
>
  Chrestomathie arabe (Silvestre de Sacy), 143, 149

  chrestomathy, 142

  Christendom, beseiged by Turks, 60, 61

  Christians

  and Islam, 20–21, 37, 38, 57

  knowledge of Islam, 38–9

  Muslim attacks on, 39–41

  Christian VI, king of Denmark, 131

  Christian VII, king of Denmark, 122, 131

  Christ (Morozov), 233

  chronology, 73, 77–8, 84

  al-Cid, 175

  Civilisation des Arabes, La (Le Bon), 311–12

  classics

  knowledge of, 207–8, 209

  studies, 159

  texts, Arabictranslation, 29, 31–2, 35, 54–6

  Claudel, Paul, 224, 225

  Cleland, John, 100

  CluniacOrientalists, 282, 284

  coffee-drinking, 97

  Colbert, Jean-Baptiste, 111, 114, 119–20

  Coleridge, Samuel Taylor, 62, 154

  Collège de France, 114, 148, 222, 228, 257

  Arabic Chair, 67

  Hebrew Chair, 168

  teaching of Arabic, 134

  Columbia University, New York, 249, 250, 279, 297, 306

  Columbus, Christopher, 61

  Commentary, journal, 306, 307

  Commonwealth (1649–60), 94

  Communism, French Orientalists, 254–7

  Compendium of the Logic of al-Ghazali, The (Lull), 44

  Complutensian Polyglot Bible, 73

  Comte, Auguste, 203

  Concordantiae Corani Arabicae (Flügel), 287

  Condo, José Antonio, 175

  Conermann, Stephan, 239–40

  Conics (Apollonius), 56

  Coningsby (Disraeli), 154

  Connection (Prideaux), 100

  Conrad, Joseph, Said on, 279, 280

  Conrad, Lawrence, 196

  Considérations sur la guerre actuelle des Turcs, 136

  Constantine I, Emperor, 57

  Constantinople, fall (1453), 60

  constitutional government, 192

  Contents of the Koran, The (Klimovich), 233

  Cook, Michael, 245, 270

  Cook, Walter, 249

  Copenhagen university, 132

  Copts, 75

  Cordova, caliphate, 25

  Corpus Hermeticum, 59

  Cosmography (al-Qazwini), 40

  Covering Islam (Said), 294, 298–9, 306–7

  Cowan, Milton, 265

  Cowell, Edward Byles, 161–2, 180

  Craig, James, 239

  Cresswell, Keppel Archibald Cameron, 216, 302

  Crete, Turks invade (1669), 60

  Cribratio Alcoran (Nicholas of Cusa), 57, 72

  Crisis of the Arab Intellectual, The (Laroui), 323

  Croesus, king of Lydia, 13

  Cromer, Lord, 209, 217, 288

  Crone, Patricia, 202, 245, 249–50, 267, 270, 322

  Crusade, Commerce and Culture (Atiya), 9–10

  Crusades, 10, 27, 242, 324

  barbarism, 213

  and Islamic cultural decline, 37

  principalities, 36–7

  Voltaire on, 117