For Lust of Knowing
Page 48
Crusades in the Late Middle Ages, The (Atiya), 245
Cuadra, Luis de, 221, 225
culture, religion in, 294
Culture and Imperialism (Said), 300, 303–4, 307
cuneiform, Gobineau on, 172–3
Curzon, Lord, 217, 288
Cyprus, Turks invade (1571), 60
Cyriacof Ancona, 56
Cyropedia (Xenophon), 16
Daghestan, holy war (1820s), 158
Dalrymple, William, 159
Daniel Deronda (Eliot), 286
Dante Alighieri
and Averroism, 35, 42
and Islam, 42, 286
Said on, 282, 285, 290, 308
Darius, king of Persia, 11, 12
Darwin, Charles, 253
al-Dasuqi, Ibrahim, 165
Decameron (Boccaccio), 42–3
Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire (Gibbon), 120
De Diis Syriis (Selden), 95
Deism, 86
De la république des Turcs… (Postel), 67, 69
della Vale, Pietro, 108
De motu cordis (Harvey), 83
Denmark
Middle East expedition (1761), 131–2, 153
Orientalism, 131–2
De Orbis Concordia Libri Quatuor (Postel), 70
De originibus seu de Hebraicae linguae et gentis antiquitate (Postel), 66
De Philosophia Peripatetico apud Syros (Renan), 166–7
De Radiis (al-Kindi), 31
Derbent, capture (1722), 130
De rebus sacris et ecclesiasticis exercitations… (Casaubon), 79–80
De Recta et Emendata Linguae Anglicae Scriptione Dialogus (Smith), 83
De religione Mohammedica (Reeland), 126
Derrida, Jacques, 300
Description de l’Egypte, 139, 140, 145, 163, 164, 295
Desert of the Exodus, The (Palmer), 181
Despotisme consideré dans les trois états, Le, 126
Deutsche Morgenländische Gesellschaft, 146, 153, 179
Zeitschrift, 147
Dialogus Miraculorum (Caesarius of Heisterbach), 52
Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, A (Cowan), 265
‘Did Muhammad Exist?’ (Klimovich), 233
Diodorus Siculus, 18
Diogenes, periodical, 324
Dionysius, Euripides on, 14–15
diplomacy, language of, 88
Discours de la méthode (Descartes), 171
discourse, concept of, 289, 290
Disputation (John of Damascus), 23
Disputation with Hamar the Saracen, The (Lull), 46
Disraeli, Benjamin, 8
Divine Comedy (Dante), 35, 42, 285
Doctrina Mahumet, 27
Dodds, E. R., 15
Dome of the Rock, Jerusalem, 38
Dominican missionaries, 37
Donation of Constantine, 57
Donne, John, 89
Don Quixote (Cervantes), 83
Dorn, Bernard, 157
Dostoevsky, Fyodor, 294
Douglas, David C., 85
Dozy, Reinhart P., 149, 174–6, 179, 193
Dracula (Stoker), 192
dragomans, 110–11
Dream Palace of the Arabs, The (Ajami), 293
Druzes, 68, 145
Durham University, Arabic Department, 238–9, 275
Du Ryer, André, 104, 105, 121, 130
East
conflict with West, 10
romance of, 50–1
superiority of, 69
Eastern Christians
CatholicChurch and, 104
Islam as punishment to, 86
literature of, 86
missionaries to, 75, 86–7, 104, 129
and PLO, 305
École spéciale des langues orientales vivantes, 141, 142
Eden, Sir Anthony, 238
Edessa, kingdom of, 18
Edinburgh university, Arabic studies, 178, 267
Egypt
19th-century, 182
Arab conquest, 19
British control (1880s), 285
French expedition (1798), 9, 133–8, 262, 283, 284
hieroglyphics, 106, 107
Islamicheritage, 140
Mamluk empire, 60
as source of Greek culture, 59
Egyptian Army in Politics, The (Vatikiotis), 264
Egyptian Institute, 139
Egypt–Israel war (1973), 281
Egyptology, 59–60, 140
Eichhorn, Johann Gottfried, 153, 154
Einleitung im Alte Testament (Eichorn), 154
Elias de Medigo, 58
Eliot, George, 79
Eliot, T. S., 89, 235
Emergence of Modern Turkey, The (Lewis), 260
Emerson, Ralph Waldo, 151
Emesa, kingdom of, 18
Encounter magazine, 270
Encyclopaedia Biblica, 185, 189–90
Encyclopaedia Britannica, 181, 183, 185
Encyclopaedia of Islam, 7, 114, 185, 189–91, 196, 212, 312, 313, 321, 329
contributors, 190
languages of, 190, 215
Muslim criticism, 191, 312, 313, 321, 329
revision and expansion, 241
End of the Peace Process: Oslo and After (Said), 305
‘English-speaking Orientalists’ (Tibawi), 319–20
Epistola Saraceni, 27
Erpenius, Thomas, 7, 80, 81, 84, 87, 88, 89, 95, 102–3, 108, 287
influences on, 79
works, 103
Eschenbach, Wolfram von, 152
Esposito, John L., 272
Esprit des Lois, L’ (Montesquieu), 125, 126
Ess, Josef van, 274
Essai sur les origines du lexique technique de la mystique musulmane (Massignon), 224
Essai sur l’histoire générale (Voltaire), 117
Essai sur l’inegalité des races humaines (Gobineau), 170
Ettinghausen, Richard, 218, 245, 247–8
Euclid, 28, 29
Eulogius, 25
Euripides, 14–15, 16, 285
Europe and the Mystique of Islam (Rodinson), 256
Evans, Marian (George Eliot, pseud.), 177
Ewald, Heinrich, 144, 153, 169, 185
Exposé de la Religion des Druzes (Silvestre de Sacy), 145
Fabre d’Olivet, Antoine, 174
Fabri de Peresc, Nicolas-Claude, 106
Fabulae Saracenorum, 27
Faisal, prince of Syria, 222
Fanatisme, ou Mahomet le prophète, Le (Voltaire), 117
al-Farabi, 37, 59
Faruqi, Ziya-ul-Hasan, 325
Fascination de l’Islam, La (Rodinson), 256
Fatimid caliphate, 146, 286
Feingold, Mordechai, 91
Ferdinand II, king of Aragon, 61
Fi al-Shi’r al-Jahili (Husayn), 211–12
Fibonacci, Lionardo, 28
Ficino, Marsilio, 59
Fihrist (Ibn al-Nadim), 156
First World War (1914–18), 214–15, 217, 222, 285
Fisher, H. A. L., 209
FitzGerald, Edward, 162
Fi Zilal al-Qur’an (Qutb), 317
Flaubert, Gustave, 8, 286
Fleischer, Heinrich Leberecht, 152–3, 153, 175, 179, 192, 198, 235, 236, 287
Flügel, Gustav Leberecht, 115, 153, 156
folk epics, 41
Fortleben der Antike im Islam, Der (Rosenthal), 248
Fort William College, Calcutta, 160, 161
Foucauld, Charles de, 223, 225, 226
Foucault, Michel, 5
discourse, concept of, 289
Said and, 280, 300, 309
Fount of Knowledge, The (John of Damascus), 22, 23
Frahn, Christian Martin, 158
France
and eastern Mediterranean, 113
Egypt, expedition (1798), 133–8, 262, 283, 284
and Levant, 111–12
Orientalism, 166, 227, 294–5, 298, 324
18th century, 114–17, 128
19th century, 142,
145, 146, 148, 150
20th century, 227, 228, 254–7
Francisan missionaries, 37
Frazer, James, 184
Frederick V, king of Denmark, 131, 132
Free Church College, Edinburgh, 182
Free College, Aberdeen, 183
Freemasons, Oriental origins, 151
Freer Gallery, Islamic collections, 247
Freud and the Non-European (Said), 308
Freytag, Georg Wilhelm, 149, 153, 155, 176
Fribourg, Middle East studies, 274
From the Holy Mountain (Dalrymple), 305
Fuad, King, 215
Fuller, Thomas, 89
Fundgruben des Orients (journal), 150
Fustel du Coulanges, Numa Denis, 186
Gagnier, Jean, 118, 128
Galen, 32–3
Galland, Antoine, 105, 114, 115–16
Garcin de Tassy Joseph, 150
Gattopardo, Il (Lampedusa), 203
Gayangos, Pascual de, 159, 175, 177
Gaza, Israeli occupation (1967), 281
Geertz, Clifford, 298–9
Geiger, Abraham, 155, 192, 194
Gellner, Ernest, 150, 303
on Said, 303–5, 307
Said on, 302, 304
gematria, 58
General History of the Turks (Knolles), 109, 110
Geography (Abu al-Fida), 92–3, 99, 102
Gerald of Cremona, 29, 32, 34
Germany
Orientalism, 127, 198
18th century, 130–31
19th century, 146–7, 148, 150, 153, 156, 179, 185–7, 188
20th century, 198, 201
1930s-, 234–6, 273–5
tradition of, 179, 198, 235, 236, 271, 286–7, 315–16, 329–30
Romanticism, 329
universities, 153
Geschichte der Arabischen Literatur (Brockelmann), 234
Geschichte der Assassinen (Hammer-Purgstall), 152
Geschichte der herrschenden Ideen des Islams (Kremer), 187–8
Geschichte der schönen Redekünste (Hammer-Purgstall), 151
Geschichte des Korans (Nöldeke), 197
Geschichte des Osmanisches Reiches (Hammer-Purgstall), 151
Gesta Dei per Francos (Guibert of Nogent), 37
Gharbzadegi (Al-i Ahmad), 312–14
Ghayat al-Hakim, 30
al-Ghazali, 29, 44, 46, 167
Ghorab, Ahmad, 326
al-Ghuri, Qansuh, Sultan of Egypt, 63
Gibb, Sir Hamilton Alexander Rosskeen, 8, 199, 211, 218, 238, 239, 241–3, 254, 259
Faruqi on, 325
at Harvard, 243, 245, 266
influences on, 241, 253
Kedourie and, 243, 263, 291, 297, 298
Laroui on, 322–3
Mahdi on, 329
at Oxford, 241, 243
Said on, 282, 296, 297, 298
Gibbon, Edward, 114, 117–18, 120, 121
Giustiniani, Agostino, 75
Gladstone, W. E., 212
Gobineau, Joseph-Arthur, Count de, 169–74, 295
racism, 169, 170, 171–2, 173
Said on, 170
Goeje, Michael Jan de, 175, 193, 199, 207
and Encyclopaedia of Islam, 190, 191
and Renan, 169, 191
Goethe, J. W. von, 125, 151, 235, 274
Goitein, Shlomo Dov, 245, 248
Goldziher, Ignaz, 153, 191, 192–6, 198, 202, 203, 254, 269, 283, 287, 322
and Encyclopaedia of Islam, 190
Hadiths, work on, 194–5, 249
importance, 193, 196, 234
influence, 199–200, 241, 253
and Renan, 167, 169, 194, 291
and Vámbéry, 191, 291
Golius, Jacob, 7, 81, 84, 103–4, 108, 287
Gombrich, Sir Ernst, 15
Goncourt brothers, 167
Göttingen university, 130, 131, 153–4, 154, 182, 185, 236
Grabar, Oleg, 248
Graeco-Persian war (492–449 BC), 11–12
Graffety-Smith, Laurence, 205–6
Grafton, Anthony, 77
Grammaire Arabe (Silvestre de Sacy), 143, 230
Grammar of the Arabick Language, A (Richardson), 113
Grammar of the Arabic Language, A (Wright), 103, 179
Grammar of the Persian Language (Jones), 122–3
Grammatica Arabica (Erpenius), 103, 130, 144, 177
Grammatica Arabica (Postel), 67
Grammatica critica linguae Arabicae (Ewald), 185
Grammatica Linguae Anglicanae (Wallis), 83
Gramsci, Antonio, 5, 282, 289–90, 309, 322
Granada, Nasrid kingdom, 61
gravitas, Muslim, 39
Gray, Thomas, 117
Great Soviet Encyclopedia, 229, 230
Greaves, John, 92–3, 102, 128
Greaves, Thomas, 96
Greek language, scholars and, 84
Greek Orthodox Church, union with Rome, 57, 58, 65
Greeks, attitude to barbarians, 10–11
Greeks and the Irrational, The (Dodds), 15
Greek texts, Arabicversions, 54–6
Gregori, Gregorio de’, 75
Gregory XIII, Pope, 75, 104
Grosrichard, Alain, 5
Grunebaum, Gustav E. von, 236, 245–7, 250, 318, 340
Mahdi on, 329
Tibawi on, 323
Guénon, René, 315–16
Guibert of Nogent, 37
Haarmann, Ulrich, 274
Hadiths, 70, 184, 194–5, 249, 325
Hafiz of Shiraz, 151, 235, 274
Hagarenes, 20, 22
Hagarism (Cook and Crone), 270
Haggard, Rider, 213
Hakluyt, Richard, 62
Hall, Edith, 5
al-Hallaj, 221–4, 226
Halle university, 179
Halm, Heinz, 274
Hamilton, Alastair, 105
Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph Freiherr von, 111, 150–52, 155, 172, 236, 287
conspiracy theory, 145, 151–2
Handbook of Diplomatic and Politic Arabic, A (Lewis), 259
Hardy, Thomas, 159
al-Hariri, 64, 128, 143
Harvard University, 279
Middle East Centre, 243
Hasan of Basra, 235
Haskins, Charles Homer, 32
Hastings, Warren, 160
Hayter, Sir William, 265
Hayter Report (1961), 265
Hayy ibn Yaqzan (Ibn Tufayl), 119, 302
Heart of Darkness (Conrad), 280
Hebrew language
Arabic, usefulness in, 102, 131
Arabictransliterations, 84
magical properties, 58
Old Testament, 90
as primal language, 66–7, 76, 106, 127
study, 141
Hebrews
early society, 184, 193
polytheism, 186, 193
Hedayat, Sadeq, 312
Hegel, G. W. F., 253
hegemony, 3, 289–90
Henty, G. A., 213
Heraclius, Emperor of Rome, 22
Herbelot, Barthélémy d’, 114, 115, 116, 120, 285
Herbst, Johann, 71
Herder, Johann Gottfried, 198, 253
Hermann of Carinthia, 26, 27, 28
Hermes Trismegistus, 59, 79–80, 107, 108
Hermetic writings, 59–60, 79–80
Herodotus of Halicarnassus, 12–14, 16, 171, 209
Herzfeld, Ernst, 215, 218, 248
Heyworth-Dunne, J., 219
Himmler, Heinrich, 234
Hindu law, codification, 160
Hippocrates, 17, 32
Hisab al-Jahr wa almuqabala, 28
Histoire des Musulmans d’Espagne (Dozy), 175
Histoire des sultans mamlouks de l’é gypte (Quatremère), 148, 174, 176
Histoire générale et système comparé des langues sémitique (Renan), 167, 295
Historia compendiosa dynastiarum (Pococke), 96
Historia religionis veterum Persaru
m (Hyde), 99
Historia Saracenica (Erpenius), 103
History and Description of Africa and the Notable Things Therein Contained (Africanus), 64–5
History (Bede), 21
History (Herodotus), 12–14
History of British India (Mill), 160–61
History of English Poetry (Warton), 5
History of the Arab Peoples, A (Hourani), 196, 252–3
History of the Arabs, A (Hitti), 245
History of the Saracens (Ockley), 119, 120
Hitler, Adolf, 170, 199, 249
Hitti, Philip, 245, 252
Hodgson, Marshall, 150, 250–51, 253, 291
Hogarth, William, 112
Holt, P. M., 120
Holy Land, pilgrimage to, 62
Homer, 10, 210, 285
Homer of Aristotle, The (Margoliouth), 210
Hourani, Albert, 185, 196, 240, 250, 251–4, 264, 265, 273, 322
influences on, 150, 253
Hourani, George, 292
Housman, A. E., 77, 243
Houtsma, Martin Theodor, 190
Hughes, Thomas, 159
humanism, 54, 56
Humphreys, R. Stephen, 190, 223, 270
Hungary, anti-Semitism, 193
Huntingdon, Samuel, 262
Huntington, Robert, 93
Hurgronje, Christian Snouck, 196, 199–201, 309
Husayn, Taha, 211–12, 318
al-Hussaini, Hajj Amin, Mufti of Jerusalem, 228
Hussein, Saddam, 307, 308
Hussites, 58
Huysmans, Joris-Karl, 220, 224
Hyde, Thomas, 96, 99–101, 206
Iamblichus, 18
Ibn’Abdun, 26, 40
Ibn al-’Arabi, 223
Ibn al-Athir, 216
Ibn al-Farid, 151
ibn al-Hajjaj, Muslim, 319
Ibn al-Jawzi, 211
Ibn al-Muqaffa, 143
Ibn al-Nadim, 156
Ibn al-Raqiq al-Qayrawani, 65
Ibn Arabshah, 103, 128, 143
Ibn Bajja, 59
Ibn Battuta, 237
Ibn Hajar, 312
Ibn al-Haytham (Alhazen), 28–9
Ibn Hayyan, Jabir, see Jabir ibn Hayyan
Ibn Hazm, 40
Ibn Hisham, 20
Ibn Jubayr, 179
Ibn Khaldun, 64, 65, 207–8, 248, 329
influence, 149–50, 187, 241–2, 251, 253
Ibn Khallikan, 103
Ibn Nubata, 37
Ibn Qutayba, 234
Ibn Rushd, see Averroes
Ibn Sina, see Avicenna
Ibn Taymiyya, 40
Ibn Tufayl, 97, 118
Ibrahim ibn Yaqub, 40
I Ching, 129
identity, Western, 291
Ideologie arabe contemporaine, L’ (Laroui), 322
al-Idrisi, 65, 75
Iliad (Homer), 10, 154, 210
Illuminists, 151, 152
imperialism
Dutch, 229
French, 227–8, 229
Orientalism and, 147, 204, 229
Said on, 286
Imperial Oriental Institute, St Petersburg, 229
Impostures intellectuelles (Sokal & Bricmont), 288, 289
Improbatio alchorani (Ricoldo da Monte Croce), 39, 72