Abraham Lincoln: A Life, Volume 1

by Michael Burlingame

  327. Pike to William P. Fessenden, Calais, 2 Sept. [1860], Pike Papers, DLC.

  328. Lincoln to Hamlin, Springfield, 4 Sept. 1860, CWL, 4:110.

  329. Herman Kreismann to Elihu B. Washburne, Chicago, 3 Sept. 1860, Elihu B. Washburne Papers, DLC; Herman Kreismann to Lyman Trumbull, Chicago, 30 Aug. 1860, Trumbull Papers, DLC.

  330. David Davis to Thurlow Weed, Bloomington, 24 Aug., 1860 Barnes, Life of Weed, 2: 299–300; David Davis to Thurlow Weed, Bloomington, 11 Sept. 1860, Weed Papers, University of Rochester; David Davis to E. D. Morgan, Bloomington, 22 Sept. 1860, and Indianapolis, 28 Sept. 1860, Edwin D. Morgan Papers, New York State Library, Albany.

  331. John Z. Goodrich to Lincoln, Boston, 16 Mar. 1865, AL MSS DLC.

  332. Willard King, Lincoln’s Manager: David Davis (Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1960), 158.

  333. Judge William L. Helfenstein to Stephen A. Douglas, New York, 31 July 1860, Douglas Papers, University of Chicago.

  334. Pittsburgh Gazette, 24 May 1860, quoted in I. F. Boughter, “Western Pennsylvania and the Morrill Tariff,” Western Pennsylvania Historical Magazine 6 (1923):118.

  335. John Coon to Benjamin F. Wade, Cleveland, 13 Oct. 1860, Wade Papers, DLC.

  336. Springfield correspondence, 10 Oct., St. Louis Anzeiger des Westens, 15 Oct. 1860, in Rowan, ed., Germans for a Free Missouri, 130–131.

  337. Lincoln to Read, Springfield, 13 Oct. 1860, CWL, 4:127.

  338. Lincoln to Seward, Springfield, 12 Oct. 1860, ibid., 4:127.

  339. David Davis to his wife, Urbana, 15, 18 Oct. 1860, Davis Papers, IHi.

  340. Lincoln to Weed, Springfield, 17 Aug. 1860, CWL, 4:98.

  341. New York Herald, 22, 23 May, 21 July 1860.

  342. Medill to Lincoln, Chicago, 5 July 1860, AL MSS DLC.

  343. Hanscom to Lincoln, Boston, 24 Oct. 1860, ibid.

  344. Caleb B. Smith to Cassius M. Clay, Indianapolis, 22 Apr. 1860, Clay Papers, Lincoln Memorial University, in the Lincoln Herald 45, no. 3 (Oct. 1943):35.

  345. Medill to Lincoln, Chicago, 9 Aug. 1860, AL MSS DLC.

  346. Indianapolis correspondence by Charles A. Page, 30 Apr. 1865, in Charles A. Page, Letters of a War Correspondent, ed. James R. Gilmore (Boston: L. C. Page, 1899), 375; Lincoln to Schenck, Springfield, 23 Aug. 1860, CWL, 4:100.

  347. Lincoln to Fithian, Springfield, 15 Aug. 1860, CWL, 4:95.

  348. Speech of Yancey at the Cooper Institute, 10 Oct. 1860, in Emerson D. Fite, The Presidential Campaign of 1860 (New York: Macmillan, 1911), 327.

  349. Montgomery Mail, n.d., copied in the New York Tribune, 22 Oct. 1860.

  350. Richmond Enquirer, semiweekly ed., 16 Oct. 1860.

  351. Atlanta Southern Confederacy, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Democrat, 19 Sept. 1860.

  352. Undated, unidentified correspondence, quoted in the Lancaster correspondence, Pennsylvania Statesman (Harrisburg), 27 Oct. 1860.

  353. Lincoln to John B. Fry, Springfield, 15 Aug. 1860, CWL, 4:95.

  354. New York Courier and Enquirer, 7 Nov. 1859, copied in the New York Journal of Commerce, 3 Nov. 1860.

  355. William Pitt Fessenden to Samuel Fessenden, Washington, 5 Jan. [1861—misdated 1860], Fessenden Family Papers, Bowdoin College.

  356. Hartford Evening Press, 26 Oct. 1860, in Howard Cecil Perkins, ed., Northern Editorials on Secession (2 vols.; New York: D. Appleton-Century, 1942), 1:65.

  357. Chicago Press and Tribune, 17 Oct. 1860.

  358. New York Tribune, 6 Nov. 1860.

  359. New York Tribune, 25 Feb. 1861.

  360. Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 30 Oct. 1860.

  361. William Cullen Bryant II, ed., Power for Sanity: Selected Editorials of William Cullen Bryant (New York: Fordham University Press, 1994), 380.

  362. Illinois State Register (Springfield), 11, 10, 4 Sept. 1860.

  363. New York Herald, 16 Nov. 1860.

  364. Douglas’s speech at Jones’ Wood, New York, 12 Sept., New York World, 13 Sept. 1860.

  365. Louisiana Signal, 22 Sept. 1860; Douglas’s speech at Baltimore, Washington States and Union, 8 Sept. 1860.

  366. Welch to George G. Fogg, Lafayette, Indiana, 25 Oct. 1860, Fogg Papers, New Hampshire Historical Society.

  367. Springfield correspondence, 6 Nov., New York Tribune, 10 Nov. 1860.

  368. Springfield correspondence by A. C. C., 7 Nov., Independent Democrat (Concord, NH), 22 Nov. 1860.

  369. Springfield correspondence, 6 Nov., New York Tribune, 7 and 10 Nov. 1860.

  370. Springfield correspondence by [Samuel R.] W[eed], 6 Nov., Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 7 Nov. 1860.

  371. Samuel R. Weed, “Hearing the Returns with Mr. Lincoln,” New York Times Magazine, 14 Feb. 1932 (written in the 1880s).

  372. Ibid.

  373. Springfield correspondence by [Samuel R.] W[eed], 7 Nov., Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 8 Nov. 1860.

  374. Weed, “Hearing the Returns with Mr. Lincoln.”

  375. George W. Brinkerhoff to Edward McPherson, Springfield, 19 Nov. 1860, McPherson Papers, DLC.

  376. Springfield correspondence, 7 Nov., New York Tribune, 8 and 12 Nov. 1860.

  377. Springfield correspondence, 7 Nov., New York Tribune, 8 and 12 Nov. 1860; Weed, “Hearing the Returns with Mr. Lincoln;” Springfield correspondence by [Samuel R.] W[eed], 7 Nov., Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 8 Nov. 1860.

  378. Herndon’s account in Caroline Dall, “Journal of a Tour through Illinois, Wisconsin and Ohio, Oct. & Nov. 1866,” entry for 29 Oct. 1866, Dall Papers, Bryn Mawr College.

  379. Weed, “Hearing the Returns with Mr. Lincoln.”

  380. King, Davis, 161.

  381. Joseph Medill to O. M. Hatch, Chicago, 16 Nov. 1860, copy, Hatch Papers, IHi.

  382. John Bigelow to William Hargreaves, New York, 10 Nov. 1860, Bigelow Papers, New York Public Library. In New Jersey, the fusion ticket received 62,801 votes to Lincoln’s 58,234.

  383. John A. Kasson to Horace Greeley, Des Moines, Iowa, 1 July 1860, Greeley Papers, New York Public Library.

  384. A letter from “an intelligent and substantial farmer in Union County, Ohio,” New York Tribune, 6 June 1860.

  385. Letter by “Sangamon,” Champaign County, 25 May 1860, Chicago Press and Tribune, 30 May 1860.

  386. Speech of F. P. Blair, Jr., St. Louis, 22 May 1860, New York Times, 26 May 1860.

  387. Speech of Richard Yates, Springfield, 7 June, New York Tribune, 20 June 1860.

  388. Speech by James T. Brady, 24 Sept., quoted in the New York Tribune, 27 Sept. 1860.

  389. New York Tribune, 11 June 1860.

  390. Milwaukee Free Democrat, n.d., copied in the New York Tribune, 26 May 1860.

  391. Houston Telegraph, n.d., copied in the Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 13 June 1860.

  392. David Kilgore to Richard W. Thompson, Indianapolis, 5 Sept. 1860, Richard W. Thompson Collection, LMF.

  393. Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 22, 21 May 1860.

  394. New York World, 23 Oct. 1860.

  395. Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 27 Sept. 1860.

  396. Joseph Medill to Horace White, Washington, 4 Jan. 1861, Charles Henry Ray Papers, CSmH.

  397. Giddings to Lincoln, Chicago, 19 May 1860, Tarbell, Life of Lincoln, 2:162.

  398. John P. Verree to Lincoln, Washington, 1 Jan. 1861, AL MSS DLC.

  399. Francis E. Spinner to Salmon P. Chase, Washington, 22 Jan. 1861, Chase Papers, DLC.

  400. Grimes to Lyman Trumbull, Burlington, Iowa, 13 Nov. 1860, Trumbull Papers, DLC.

  401. August Belmont to John Forsyth, New York, 22 Nov. 1860, in Letters, Speeches and Addresses of August Belmont (privately printed, 1890), 24.

  402. Henry S. Randall to Caleb Cushing, Cortland Village, New York, 3 Nov. 1860, Cushing Papers, DLC.

  403. James H. Reed to Crittenden, Greenwich, Connecticut, 17 Jan. 1861, Crittenden Papers, DLC.

  404. David A. Wells to Andrew Johnson, Troy, New York, 29 Dec. 1860, Johnson Papers, DLC.

  405. Spri
ngfield correspondence, 21 June, Utica, New York, Herald, 27 June 1860, copied in the New York Tribune, 9 July 1860.

  406. Washington Hunt to John Bell, Lockport, 21 Nov. 1860, John Bell Papers, DLC.

  407. Douglass’s Monthly 3 (Dec. 1860):370.

  408. Chase to George W. Julian, Columbus, 15 Dec. 1860, Giddings-Julian Papers, DLC.

  409. Wendell Phillips, speech in Boston, 7 Nov. 1860, Boston Atlas and Bee, n.d., copied in the National Anti-Slavery Standard (New York), 17 Nov. 1860.

  410. Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 13 July 1860.

  411. New York Herald, 30 June 1860.

  412. Statement by Frederic W. Sutton, the son of the mayor of Springfield, Evanston, Illinois, 7 Apr. 1926, copy enclosed in Oliver R. Barrett to Albert J. Beveridge, Chicago, 17 June 1926, Beveridge Papers, DLC.

  413. Gideon Welles, “Recollections in regard to the Formation of Mr Lincoln’s Cabinet,” undated manuscript, Abraham Lincoln Collection, Beinecke Library, Yale University.

  Chapter 17. “I Will Suffer Death Before I Will Consent to Any Concession or Compromise”

  1. Zachariah Chandler to Lyman Trumbull, Detroit, 13 Nov. 1860, Trumbull Family Papers, IHi.

  2. Charles Francis Adams diary, 11 Nov. 1860, Adams Family Papers, MHi.

  3. George Sumner to John A. Andrew, Springfield, 21 Jan. 1861, Andrew Papers, MHi.

  4. Herman Kreismann to E. B. Washburne, Washington, 27 Dec. 1860, Washburne Papers, DLC.

  5. Louisville Courier-Journal, 11 Feb., copied in the Cincinnati Enquirer, n.d., copied in the Illinois State Register (Springfield), 13 Feb. 1861.

  6. Herman Kreismann to E. B. Washburne, Washington, 27 Dec. 1860, Washburne Papers, DLC.

  7. Herndon to Wendell Phillips, Springfield, 28 Dec. 1860, 12 Jan. 1861, and 1 Feb. 1861, Phillips Papers, Harvard University.

  8. Herndon to Samuel Sewall, Springfield, 1 Feb. 1861, copy, William Lloyd Garrison Papers, Boston Public Library.

  9. George Sumner to John A. Andrew, Springfield, 21 Jan. 1861, Andrew Papers, MHi.

  10. Springfield correspondence by Hay, 9 Jan., Missouri Democrat (St. Louis), 11 Jan. 1861, Michael Burlingame, ed., Lincoln’s Journalist: John Hay’s Anonymous Writings for the Press, 1860–1864 (Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1998), 18.

  11. Thomas D. Jones to [William Linn McMillen], Springfield, 11 Feb. 1861, Lincoln Collection, Lilly Library, InU.

  12. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 26 Nov., New York Herald, 1 Dec. 1860.

  13. Mr. A. G. Frick to Lincoln, n.p., 14 Feb. 1861, Lincoln Collection, ICHi.

  14. Anonymous to Lincoln, n.p., 20 Feb. 1861, ibid.

  15. Hawkins Taylor to Benjamin F. Wade, Keokuk, Iowa, 25 Dec. 1860, Wade Papers, DLC.

  16. Springfield correspondence by Henry Villard, 17 Nov., 10 Dec., New York Herald, 22 Nov., 15 Dec. 1860; 19 Nov., Cincinnati Commercial, 21 Nov. 1860.

  17. Henry Villard, Memoirs of Henry Villard, Journalist and Financier: 1838–1900 (2 vols.; Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1904), 1:93–94.

  18. George B. Lincoln to Schuyler Colfax, Chicago, 29 Dec. 1860, Lincoln Collection, RPB.

  19. Interview in an unidentified Western German newspaper, copied in the Springfield (Massachusetts) Republican, 28 Feb. 1861.

  20. Alexander Milton Ross, Recollections and Experiences of an Abolitionist, from 1855 to 1865 (Toronto: Rowsell and Hutchinson, 1875), 139.

  21. George M. Brinkerhoff to Edward McPherson, Springfield, 30 Jan. 1861, McPherson Papers, DLC.

  22. William S. Spear to Lyman Trumbull, Shelbyville, Tennessee, 16 Jan. 1861, Lyman Trumbull Papers, DLC.

  23. Illinois State Journal (Springfield), 14 Dec. 1860.

  24. Keitt to James Hammond, 10 Sept. 1860, in Stephen A. Channing, Crisis of Fear: Secession in South Carolina (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1970), 269.

  25. Charleston Mercury, 28 Jan. 1864.

  26. Salisbury, North Carolina, Banner, 19 Feb. 1861, in Daniel W. Crofts, Reluctant Confederates: Upper South Unionists in the Secession Crisis (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1989), 94.

  27. Dwight Lowell Dumond, ed., Southern Editorials on Secession (New York: Century, 1931), 242.

  28. Alexander H. Stephens, speech delivered in Savannah, Georgia, 21 Mar. 1861, in Henry Cleveland, Alexander H. Stephens, in Public and Private with Letters and Speeches, Before, During, and Since the War (Philadelphia: National Publishing, 1866), 722.

  29. Keitt quoted in Hans L. Trefousse, The Radical Republicans: Lincoln’s Vanguard for Racial Justice (New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1969), 166.

  30. “A Declaration of the Causes which Impel the State of Texas to Secede from the Federal Union,” in Ernest William Winkler, ed., Journal of the Secession Convention of Texas, 1861 (Austin, TX: Austin Printing Company, 1912), 63.

  31. John Bell to Alexander Robinson Boteler, 30 July 1860, quoted in Joseph Howard Parks, John Bell of Tennessee (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1950), 365.

  32. Weekly Democratic Advocate [no town indicated], 5 May 1859, in Christopher H. Olsen, Political Culture and Secession in Mississippi: Masculinity, Honor, and the Antiparty Tradition, 1830–1860 (New York: Oxford University Press, 2000), 183.

  33. Jefferson Davis, speech of 13 Feb. 1850, in Dunbar Rowland, ed., Jefferson Davis, Constitutionalist: His Letters, Papers and Speeches (10 vols.; Jackson, Mississippi Department of Archives and History, 1923), 1:266.

  34. Columbus Times, quoted in Anthony Gene Carey, Politics, Slavery, and the Union in Antebellum Georgia (Athens: University of Georgia Press, 1997), 239.

  35. Clark County Journal, Virginia, 9 Nov., quoted in the New York Tribune, 13 Nov. 1860.

  36. Clarence Phillips Denman, The Secession Movement in Alabama (Montgomery: Alabama State Dept. of Archives and History, 1933), 8.

  37. Manisha Sinha, The Counterrevolution of Slavery: Politics and Ideology in Antebellum South Carolina (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 2000), 232.

  38. Corsicana Navarro Express, 16 Nov. 1860, quoted in Billy D. Ledbetter, “Slavery, Fear, and Disunion in the Lone Star State: Texans’ Attitudes toward Secession and the Union, 1846–1861” (Ph.D. dissertation, North Texas State University, 1972), 284.

  39. Stephen F. Hale to Beriah Magoffin, Frankfort, Kentucky, 27 Dec. 1860, in Charles B. Dew, Apostles of Disunion: Southern Secession Commissioners and the Causes of the Civil War (Charlottesville: University Press of Virginia, 2001), 96, 98–99.

  40. David Clopton to C. C. Clay, 13 Dec. 1860, Clay Papers, Duke University, quoted in William J. Cooper, Jr., “The Politics of Slavery Affirmed: The South and the Secession Crisis,” in The Southern Enigma: Essays on Race, Class, and Folk Culture, ed. Walter J. Fraser, Jr. and Winfred B. Moore, Jr. (Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1983), 204.

  41. Barnwell to R. B. Rhett, 1 Nov. 1844, in Channing, Crisis of Fear, 66.

  42. William Porcher Miles, Oration Delivered Before the Fourth of July Association (Charleston, SC, 1849), quoted in Eric H. Walther, The Fire-Eaters (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1992), 274.

  43. Congressional Globe, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 74, 667, quoted ibid., 179.

  44. “Burleigh,” in the Montgomery Advertiser, 25 June 1851, in J. Mills Thornton, Politics and Power in a Slave Society: Alabama, 1800–1860 (Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1978), 58.

  45. Ulrich Bonnell Phillips, ed., The Correspondence of Robert Toombs, Alexander H. Stephens, and Howell Cobb (1913; New York: Da Capo Press, 1970), 118.

  46. Jackson County Democrat, n.d., copied in the Montgomery Advertiser, 2 Oct. 1850, in Thornton, Politics and Power in a Slave Society, 220.

  47. New Orleans Bee, 10 Dec. 1860, in Dumond, ed., Southern Editorials, 315–316.

  48. Congressional Globe, 36th Congress, 2nd Session, 212 (31 Dec. 1860).

  49. Pettus, speech to Mississippi Legislature, 26 Nov. 1860, in Edward Mayes, Lucius Q.C. Lamer: His Life, Times, and Speeches, 1825–1893 (Nashville: Methodist Epis
copal Church, 1896), 88.

  50. Charles Francis Adams to E. Farnsworth, Washington, 9 Dec. 1860, letterbook copies, Adams Family Papers, MHi; Adams to Richard Henry Dana, Washington, 23 Dec. 1860, Dana Family Papers, MHi.

  51. A Philadelphia Perspective: The Diary of Sidney George Fisher Covering the Years, 1834–1871, ed. Nicholas B. Wainwright (2 vols.; Philadelphia: Historical Society of Pennsylvania, 1967), 1:371 (entry for 25 Nov. 1860).

  52. New York Tribune, 26 Feb. 1861.

  53. William Howard Russell, My Diary North and South (New York: Harper and Brothers, 1863), 71 (entry for 8 May 1861).

  54. Letter by Hilliard, n.p., n.d., quoted in the Springfield, Massachusetts, Republican, 1 Jan. 1861.

  55. New Orleans Picayune, 8 Sept. 1860, quoted in Donald E. Reynolds, Editors Make War: Southern Newspapers in the Secession Crisis (Nashville, TN: Vanderbilt University Press, 1970), 214–215.

  56. New York Tribune, 26 Feb. 1861.

  57. Article by the New York Tribune’s correspondent, E. H. House, New York Sun, undated clipping, [probably 1883], LMF.

  58. Elihu B. Washburne to his wife, [Galena], 14 Nov. 1860, Washburn Family Papers, Washburn Memorial Library, Norlands, Maine.

  59. Donn Piatt, Memories of the Men Who Saved the Union (New York: Belford, Clarke, 1887), 30.

  60. Springfield correspondence, 4 Sept., New York Evening Post, 8 Sept. 1860.

  61. William H. Herndon and Jesse W. Weik, Herndon’s Lincoln, ed. Douglas L. Wilson and Rodney O. Davis (1889; Urbana: University of Illinois Press, 2006), 284.

  62. A lumber merchant of Washington in the Washington Star, n.d., copied in the New York Evening Post, 15 Nov. 1860.

  63. David M. Swarr to John G. Nicolay and John Hay, Lancaster, Pennsylvania, 1 Nov. 1886, Nicolay Papers, DLC.

  64. Reminiscences of Parmenas Taylor Turnley, from the Cradle to Three Score and Ten (Chicago: Donohue & Henneberry, 1892), 10.

  65. Henry Adams, The Great Secession Winter of 1860–61, and Other Essays, ed. George Hochfield (New York: Sagamore Press, 1958), 15.

  66. William B. Campbell to A. C. Beard, 15 Mar. 1861, quoted in Crofts, Reluctant Confederates, xvi.