Dirty Wars
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Houthi, Abdul-Malik al-, 131
Houthi, Hussein Badreddin al-, 131
Houthi rebellion, 62, 131–132, 213, 260, 280
Hull, Edmund, 75
Human intelligence operations. See HUMINT operations
Human rights groups, 77–78. See also Amnesty International; Human Rights Watch
Human Rights Watch, 398
and Camp NAMA, 148, 159
and Ethiopian occupation of Somalia, 224
See also Human rights groups
Human thermal fingerprint, 173
HUMINT (human intelligence) operations, 95, 96, 145
vs. CIA, 171
in Pakistan, 250
and SOFs, 171
“Hunter” (secret informant), 180–184, 350
Hurre, Ismail Mahmoud “Buubaa,” 121, 126, 129, 203, 209
Hussain, Altaf, 458
HVT Task Force. See High Value Target Task Force
HVTs. See High value targets
ICRC. See International Committee of the Red Cross
ICU. See Islamic Courts Union
Iman University, 68, 184, 292
In the Shade of the Quran (Qutb), 188
Indha Adde. See Siad, Yusuf Mohammed
Inshallahshaheed (blog), 289
Inspire (AQAP magazine), 377–381
hit list, 379
Intelligence Support Activity (aka the Activity; Gray Fox), 51, 95–96, 120–121
Intelligence technology, and kill/capture operations, 105
Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI; Pakistan intelligence service), 168–169, 216
and CIA, 425–427
and Davis incident, 406, 415, 416, 417, 418, 425–427
and US, relationship between, 412–413
Interagency reviews, 16, 20, 24
Interagency Working Group for Covert Action, 16
International Committee of the Red Cross. See Red Cross
International criminal court, 8–9
International Crisis Group, 195, 228
International Institute of Islamic Thought, 46
International Monetary Fund, 64
International Security Assistance Force (ISAF), 329, 337–338, 339–340, 341
in Pakistan, 459
Interrogation and torture/techniques, 24–25, 26–30, 85, 261
at Camp NAMA, 147–160
and CIA, 86–91, 155–156, 244–245
and CJTF, 104–105
definition of, 88–89
investigation, 149–150
of Iraqi prisoners, by TF-121, 140
of Islamic Jihad members, 125
in secret prison, in Ethiopia, 128
and “Torture Memos,” 25
and “torture taxis,” 27
and use of dogs, 148
See also Secret prisons
IONA. See Islamic Organization of North America
Iqbal, Javed, 427
Iran, 230
Iran-Contra scandal, 11, 53, 91, 165, 215
Iran hostage crisis, 49
Iraq, 13, 282
civil war in, 164
suicide bombers/bombings in, 112, 165
See also Al Qaeda in Iraq (AQI)
Iraq and 9/11–Saddam and al Qaeda connection, 14–15, 28, 150
and CIA and Pentagon, conflict between, 81–84
and Zarqawi, 113
Iraq insurgency, 110, 111–115, 162–163, 165–166
and casualties, 174
causes of, 164, 166
and Copper Green, 145–146
and Fallujah, US siege of, 164
and hit list, 141–146, 150–151, 167
and insurgents, targeting of, 141–146
and Iraqi Special Operations forces, 165
and private security contractors, execution of, 163
and US invasion and occupation, 166
and US treatment of prisoners, 164, 166
Iraq Survey Group, 157
Iraq War/invasion/occupation, 8, 105
and Afghanistan, and unified task force, 138
and al Qaeda, post-invasion presence of, 141–142
and Awlaki, Anwar, 47
and Baath regime leaders, hunt for, 114–115
Blackwater in, 177
and Bremer as administrator of Coalition Provisional Authority, 110–111
and Bush, “Mission Accomplished” speech of, 111
and Cheney, 129
and contracting boom, post-invasion, 163
Copper Green in, 145–146
and de-Baathification process, 111
destruction of, 179
and Iraqi military, disbanding of, 111
and JSOC, 129
and JSOC, and kill/capture operations, 113–114
and Rumsfeld, 129
Salvadorization of, 165
shift of resources to, 138–139
Special Operations Forces in, 107
Special Ops/CIA reassigned to, 139
and Task Force 121 interrogation and torture of Iraqi prisoners, 140
and UN Baghdad headquarters bombings, 112–113
and WMDs, 15, 28–29, 82, 139, 150
See also Balad Air Base; Gulf War
Iraqi military, disbanding of, 111
Iraqi Special Operations forces, 165
Iryani, Abdul Ghani al-, 462, 463, 464
ISAF. See International Security Assistance Force
ISI. See Inter-Services Intelligence
Islam, Sheikh Ahmed “Madobe” Mohammed, 195, 200, 225, 394–395, 488
Islamic Courts Union (ICU), 192–195, 195–196, 225
and al Qaeda, 207, 209
and al Shabab, 196, 209
and CIA, and Somali warlord program, defeat of, 200–201, 201–203
and Ethiopian US-backed invasion of Somalia, 203–206, 206–209
and Siad, Yusuf Mohammed, 224
and targeted killings/drone strikes, in Somalia, 219–223
See also Militant organizations
Islamic Courts Union leaders
hunt for, 206, 223–226
and targeted killings/drone strikes, in Somalia, 219–223
Islamic Jihad, 62
rendition and torture of members of, 124
Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, 252
Islamic Network, 289
Islamic Organization of North America (IONA), 288
Islamic Thinkers Society, 288
Isse, Mohamed Ali, 128
Jacoby, Lowell, 97, 158–159
Jaffer, Jameel, 514–515
JAG (Judge Advocate General’s Corps) lawyers, 156
Jama, Abdulkareem, 485
Jama’at al Tawhid wa’al Jihad, 112
Jamadi, Manadel al-, 157
Jamal, Abdul Rezzaq al-, 363, 463–464
Jawbreaker (CIA team), 22
Jessen, Bruce, 88, 154
Jihad Recollections (Kahn; online PDF magazine), 290
JIMAS (Association to Revive the Way of the Messenger), 37
conference, United Kingdom, 67–68
Johnsen, Gregory, 358, 380, 398, 399
and Arab Spring, 432
and Yemen, 130–131
Johnson, Jeh, 303, 312–313, 519
Joint Personnel Recovery Agency (JPRA), 86–88
and interrogation and torture/techniques, 87–88
Personnel Recovery Academy, 87
Joint Prioritized Effects List (JPEL), 167, 331
Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC), 48–57, 96, 100–101
and abuse of power, 142–143
and Afghanistan, night raids in
in Afghanistan, 138, 331, 332, 333
and al Qaeda, 53, 237
and al Shabab, 276–277, 490
and Awlaki, Abdulrahman, 509
and Awlaki, Anwar, drone strike against, failure of, 454
and Awlaki, Anwar, killing of, 498–500
and bin Laden at Abbottabad compound, 437–438, 439, 443, 452
“black” detainee program guidelines, 148
and Black Hawk Down incident, 55–56
and Blackwater, 177, 178
and Blackwater-CIA-JSOC covert action, in Pakistan, 251–253
and clandestine action, 282
and congressional oversight, 252
and conventional military in Iraq, relationship with, 142
counterinsurgency doctrine (COIN), undermining of, 329–331
and Davis incident, 416–418
and detainee operations, 151, 331
and drone strikes, 251, 284, 358
expansion of authority of, 297
and functioning command structure, 103
and Gardez raid/massacre, 344, 347
and global manhunt, 169–172
High Value Target Task Force, 115
and hit list/HVTs, 179, 325, 331, 333, 351, 352
and ICU leaders, hunt for, 223–226
increased presence of, 355
intelligence division (see the Activity)
and interrogation and torture/techniques, 86–87, 91
and Iran, 138
and Iraq, 105–107, 113–115, 124, 129, 142, 174
and Joint Prioritized Effects List, 331
and JSOC-CIA divide, 170–171, 297, 350, 353, 388
and JSOC-ization of US counterterrorism policy, 350–351
and “Kill TV,” 303
and kill/capture center at Balad Air Base, 162, 166
and kill/capture operations, 113–114, 167
legality of operations, 182–183
and Maersk Alabama, hijacking of, 275–276
and Majalah massacre, 307–309
and McChrystal, reorganization of, 108, 110
and military and intelligence law, gray areas of, 92–94
missions of, 51–54
MLE as cover for, 170–171
and night raids, in Afghanistan, 331, 332 (see also Gardez raid/massacre)
and Obama, 329
and Obama, prized ninjas of, 276
and Obama, transformation of, 259
and operations, expansion of, 297
and operations, intensification of, 350
and Pakistan, 168–169, 216, 217–218, 251, 406–413, 417–418
and Pakistan, HVTs in, 176, 177
as principal counterterrorism force, 114
rendition program of, 182
rise to prominence of, 181–182
role of, 50
and Rumsfeld, reorganization of, 98
and Rumsfeld, transformation of, 54–55, 57
and Schultz report, 55–57
and Screen Hunter, 176
secrecy of, 329
and secret informant “Hunter,” 180–184
in Somalia, 124, 201, 219–223, 223–226, 294–297, 470, 476
and surveillance drones, 173–174
and targeted killings/drone strikes, and Nabhan, Saleh Ali, 295–296, 297
and targeted killings/drone strikes, in Somalia, 219–223, 294–297
and targeted killings/drone strikes, in Yemen, 303–304, 307–309 (see also Majalah massacre; Gardez raid/massacre)
training, 51
and unified task force in Afghanistan and Iraq, 138
in Uzbekistan, 252
and Vibrant Fury, 179
and Warsame, capture of, 453
and Yemen, 284, 303–304, 307–309, 321, 322, 387–389
and Yemen, expansion of SOFs in, 261–262
and Zarqawi, targeted death of, 179
Joint Special Operations Command (JSOC) Task Force
at Camp NAMA, 147, 148–150, 151, 152
at Camp NAMA, code names for, 147
success of, 174–175
Joint Test Directorate, 49
Joint Unconventional Warfare Task Force (JUWTF) Execute Order, 282–283
Jones, James, 328
Jost, Aaron W., 386
JPEL. See Joint Prioritized Effects List
JPRA. See Joint Personnel Recovery Agency
JSOC. See Joint Special Operations Command
JSOC-CIA divide, 170–171, 297, 350, 353, 388
Judge Advocate General’s Corps (JAG) lawyers, 156
JUWTF Execute Order. See Joint Unconventional Warfare Task Force Execute Order
K2 (secret US base, Uzbekistan), 17
Kane, David, 70
Kansteiner, Walter, 122
Kanwal, Shumaila, 421, 428
Kappes, Stephen, 259–260
Karadzic, Radovan, 52
Karzai, Hamid, 387
Kasi, Mir Aimal, 27
Katz, Ian, 425
Kayani, Ashfaq Parvez, 216, 411, 427
Kazemi, Saleh Mohammed Ali al-, 303, 307, 311–312
Kebriaei, Pardiss, 368, 372–373, 401
Kelley, Jeremy, 345
Kenya, 79, 123, 477
al Qaeda in, 122
US embassy in, bombing of, 6, 119, 125–126, 196–197, 198
Kenyan Anti-Terrorism Police Unit, 295
Kerry, John, 423–424, 425
Khaleel, Ziyad, 36
“the Khalifa.” See Noor, Abdulkadir Moalin
Khan, Chauhdry Nisar Ali, 458
Khan, Gul, 449
Khan, Samir, 287–291
and AQAP, 375–381
and Awlaki, Anwar, 289, 291, 380–381
blogs of, 289, 290
death of, as collateral damage, 500, 501–502
and FBI, 290
and Inspire magazine, 377–381
in Yemen, 290–291
Khan, Sarah, 287–288, 291, 376, 501–502
Khan, Zafar, 501–502
Khosroof, Muhsin, 211
Kibbe, Jennifer, 99
Kidnapping operations. See Kill/capture operations
Kill list doctrine, 332–334
Kill lists, 14, 117, 325–326, 351–352. See also Assassination operations; High value targets; Hit lists
“Kill TV,” 303
Kill/capture operations, 24–25, 27, 95, 98, 107, 113–114
and CIA, and Somali warlord program, 118–121, 124, 127–129, 191–195
and Disposition Matrix, 514
and intelligence technology, 105
and JSOC, in Iraq, 113–114
and Obama, 245–246
in Pakistan, 406–408, 410, 411
See also Assassination operations; High value targets
Kilwi, Muhammad al-, 311
Kimball, Sam, 211
King, Martin Luther, Jr., 301–302
King, Peter, 502–503, 510
Kirby, John, 410
Klaidman, Daniel, 312–313, 371–372, 454
Kleinman, Steven, 87, 153–154
Koh, Harold, 303, 353, 371–372
Kohlmann, Evan, 240–241
Koran, 34, 38, 68, 132, 135, 136, 188, 197, 232, 290, 291, 479
Krongard, A. B. “Buzzy,” 18, 27
Kucinich, Dennis, 367–368, 503–504
Kuwaiti, Abu Ahmed al-, 435
Kuwaiti, Mariam al-, 446
Lackawanna Six, 76
Lang, Walter Patrick, 54, 97, 101, 258, 282
and AQAP, in Yemen, 259
and AQAP, threat posed by, 468
and Awlaki, Anwar, 325
and dark operations, 49–50
and Davis incident, 416
and Global War on Terror, 468
and Petraeus, 498
and Rumsfeld and Cheney, innovation risks of, 175
and Saleh, Ali Abdullah, 61, 65, 280–281, 387
Laos, 9
“Lawfulness of a Lethal Operation Directed Against a U.S. Citizen” (US Department of Justice), 514–515
Leaders. See Neoconservative leaders; Terrorist leaders
Lee, Barbara, 19–20
Leiter, Michael, 281, 401–402
Lethal authority, 5–7, 20
and Al Qaeda, 5, 18, 22–23
and bin Laden, 20–21, 22–23
See also Assassination ban; Assassination operations; Drone strikes
Lethal Findings, 21
Lethal force
&
nbsp; against bin Laden, 126
and Maersk Alabama, hijacking of, 274–276
Levey, Stuart, 369
Levin, Carl, 83, 459
Libby, Lewis “Scooter”
and Bremer, 110
and Cheney, defense plan of, 7–8
and Iraq and 9/11–Saddam and al Qaeda connection, 81, 82
and Iraqi WMDs, 15
Liberia, 139, 198
Libi, Abu Layth al-, 289, 290
Libi, Ibn al-Shaykh al-, 28–29
Lieberman, Joseph, 286, 321
Lindh, John Walker, 28
Little, George, 425, 426
Lobe, Jim, 8
Lone, Salim, 194
Long, William, 260
Long-range facial recognition program, 173
The Looming Tower (Wright), 63
Luitingh, Lafras, 484, 485
Lumumba, Patrice, 5
Lute, Douglas, 216
Luther, Philip, 312
Luti, William, 82–83
Maass, Peter, 165
Macay, Phyllis, 482–483
Macgregor, Douglas, 100–101, 109–110
MacMahon, Edward, 71, 72, 73, 74
Madobe. See Islam, Sheikh Ahmed “Madobe” Mohammed
Maersk Alabama, hijacking of, 273–276
and Phillips as hostage, 274–276
Mahmud, Shaykh (aka Rahman, Atiya Abdul), 381
Majalah massacre, 303–313, 323, 358
and bin Fareed, 304–306
and bin Fareed, rally of, 309–311
and JSOC, 307–309
and Shaye, Abdulelah Haider, 307
US responsibility for, 311–313
Majalah massacre rally, 309–311
al Qaeda hijacking of, 311
Mal, Sayid Mohammed, 342
Maldonado, Daniel, 270–271, 289
Malik, Johari Abdul, 38, 46–47, 374
Mana’a, Faris, 212–213
Mangal, Abdul Rahman, 340
Mansur, Ahmad, 131
Marcinko, Richard, 50–51, 115–116
imprisonment of, 116
Marib Province
al Qaeda attacks in, 230–231
US drone strike in, 65–66, 75, 230–231
Martin, David, 207
Marxist Red Brigades, 51
Matchbox. See Copper Green
Mattis, James, 427, 464
Mayer, Jane, 146
Mazzetti, Mark, 282
McArthur (Blackwater antipiracy ship), 483
McCain, John, 107, 161, 237–238, 459, 469, 503, 515, 516
and Awlaki, Anwar, targeted killing of, 503
and McRaven, 469
and Obama, 245–246, 256
McCaul, Michael, 502
McChrystal, Herbert, 109
McChrystal, Stanley, 101–110, 237, 284
and Afghanistan, house raids in, 330
and Afghanistan, surge in, 328–329
and Balad Air Base, Iraq, interrogation and torture at, 161, 162
and bin Laden, hunt for, 166
and Camp NAMA, 148, 151, 156
and CFR fellowship paper, 104
and CFR military fellowship, 103–104