Inside the Centre: The Life of J. Robert Oppenheimer
Page 109
‘What is Communism?’ 243–4
Brown, Frederick W. 211
Brownell, Herbert, Attorney General 598
Bruner, Jerome: A Study of Thinking 644
Buchta, J. W. 536
Buck, Pearl 651
Buckley, Oliver 547, 550
Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists 489, 557–8, 559–60, 562–3, 589n, 593, 606–7, 621
Burchett, Wilfred 463
Burden, William 577
Burgess, Guy 300, 390
Bush, Lieutenant H. C. 427
Bush, Vannevar:
heads NDRC 293
appoints reviewing committee 295
and MAUD findings 295, 301, 306
meets Oliphant 299
recommends centrifuge plant to Roosevelt 311
and S-1 report 322
recommends Parsons for Los Alamos 354
meeting with RO 458, 459
and May–Johnson Bill 474
on Acheson’s committee 479
unconcerned about FBI file on RO 499
publishes ‘Trends in American Science’ 516
on Disarmament Panel 581–2
tells Strauss of RO’s clearance suspension 604
at RO’s hearing 614
Byrnes, James, Secretary of State 433, 442, 449, 455–6, 459, 479, 482, 483, 488
Cairncross, John 300, 390
Caltech (California Institute of Technology) 132, 143, 145–9, 166, 171, 172, 174, 180, 182, 191, 197, 204, 206, 225, 236, 245, 258, 264, 281, 461, 478, 495, 516, 564, 565
‘Calutrons’ 267, 312, 316, 324, 406, 414
Calvert, Captain 387
Cambridge University:
Christ’s 81, 83, 85, 89, 91–2
King’s 91–2
St John’s 91, 92, 101, 108, 129, 143
Kapitza Club 100–1, 102, 103, 105, 114, 116, 121
2V Club (‘Del Squared V Club’) 102, 106
see also Cavendish Laboratory
‘Cambridge Five’ 300, 308, 390
Cambridge Philosophical Society 112
Proceedings 112, 114, 291, 491
Camp Koenig, Lake Ontario 35, 37
Campbell, 623
Cario, Dr 124, 129
Carlson, J. Franklin (Frank) 175, 179, 180, 181, 182, 183, 185, 186, 203, 204, 228–9
death and RO’s memorial lecture 635–7
Carnegie Institution, Washington 207
Caron, Robert 445
Carstairs, Morris 656
Case, Kenneth 528, 658
Cassidy, David C. J. Robert Oppenheimer and the American Century xi, 175, 230
Cather, Willa 67, 68–9
Death Comes for the Archbishop 68
A Lost Lady 69–70
‘Scandal’ 67–8
Cavendish Laboratory, Cambridge 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 92, 94, 99, 100, 187, 189, 192, 194–5, 219, 293
Cayley, Arthur 106
Chadwick, James 203
discovers neutrons 99, 184–5
at Royal Society meeting 189, 190
sceptical about Lawrence’s results 207
wins Nobel Prize (1935) 196
and possibility of atomic bomb 293
disgusted by US scientists’ lack of secrecy 305, 458–9
urges Bohr to leave Denmark for England 394–5, 397, 399
joins Manhattan Project 391, 406
and Rotblat 402, 403
chain reactions 190, 261–2
first 331
Chambers, Whittaker 524
Chandrasekhar, Subrahmanyan 247
Chaplin, Charles 197
Chaves, Amado 49–50, 71
Chaves, Kate Nichols (née Foster) 50
Chaves, Manuel 49
Cherniss, Harold F. 169, 199, 525
Cherwell, Lord (Frederick Lindemann) 294, 401, 418
Chevalier, Barbara 238, 239–40, 281–2, 335
Chevalier, Haakon 238
meets RO 238
joins CP unit with him 239–40, 270
and Schneiderman 280, 281
and FBI surveillance 280, 301
invited to Pasadena by Oppenheimers 281–2
under suspicion 310, 362
approached by Eltenton 334, 335–6, 357
farewell dinner with RO 336
and RO’s statements 367, 376, 382–3, 384
sends ‘SOS call’ to RO 385
continues to be under FBI surveillance 386
writes to RO after Hiroshima 452, 460
visits Oppenheimers 486
interviewed by FBI 486–7, 493–4
visited in Paris by RO 601
and RO’s hearing 611–12, 613, 614, 615, 620
and Nichols’ letter 622–3, 625
asks RO for explanation 625–9
his The Man Who Would Be God flops 645–6
warns RO he is going to write the true story (Oppenheimer: The Story of a Friendship) 662–3
on RO 109–10, 269–70, 272, 325, 494, 505–6
Chicago, University 126, 230, 301, 309
‘Met Lab’ 309, 314, 317, 319, 324, 326, 331, 349, 354, 356, 358, 410, 432, 435–6, 473
Christian Century, The (magazine) 650–61
Christy, Robert 259, 264, 289, 290, 419, 658
Church, Peggy Pond 338
Churchill, Winston 282, 293, 294, 315, 390, 400–2, 415, 432, 442, 443, 451, 481–2, 500, 531
Clark, Tom C., Attorney General 373, 482, 494
Cleveland, Grover, President 16
Cockcroft, John 101, 187–90, 191, 193, 195, 196, 252, 293
Cohn, Roy 591–2
Columbia, University of (NYC) 18, 20, 204, 259, 261, 285, 309, 324, 391, 406, 415–16, 497, 504, 640–41, 652
Jewish students 52, 53
Communist Party, US 221, 223, 232, 233, 234, 235–6, 237, 238, 239–44, 259, 268–9, 270–71, 274–5, 277, 279, 280, 281, 300–1, 302, 308, 345
Como: International Physics Congress (1927) 137, 138, 140
Comptes rendus (journal) 184, 215
Compton, Arthur 102, 125–6
meets RO 126
at Como conference 138
at Solvay Congress (1927) 138
disputes cosmic rays with Millikan 180
heads Bush’s committee on atomic bomb 295, 302
meetings with scientists 301, 302, 304, 306
disappointed in engineers 306
reports on possibility of atom bomb 306, 315
as member of S-1 307
oversees construction of first nuclear reactor 307, 309
at Chicago ‘Met Lab’ 309
and Breit 313, 314
impressed by RO 314
his recommendations approved by Roosevelt 315
meeting with RO to discuss dangers of atomic bomb 320–21
and Groves’s visit 324
not told about Los Alamos 327
watches first chain reaction 331
discusses plutonium production with RO 349–50
and Segré’s results 410
as member of Scientific Advisory Panel 430
attitude to use of bomb 434–5, 436
and May–Johnson Bill 474
thinks Russian possession of bomb ‘problematical’ 589
Compton, Elias 125
Compton, Karl T. 124, 125, 126, 128, 129
Compton, William 125
Conant, James:
heads NDRC 293, 295
and discussions on atomic bomb production 294, 295, 299, 301
reprimands Lawrence for telling RO of bomb 301
as chairman of S-1 302, 306–7
puts Lansdale in charge of security at Berkeley 310–11, 341
and RO 310, 311–12, 329, 333–4
told by Compton of first chain reaction 331
and implosion method 352, 413–14
and Lewis committee 353
and Trinity 438
and May–Johnson Bill 474
on Acheson’s committee 479, 480
on GAC 495
unconcerned by FBI file
on RO 499
opposed to ‘Super’ 545–6, 547, 549, 550–51, 569, 570, 575
gives up serving on GAC 577
at RO’s hearing 614, 615
Condon, Edward 125, 131, 141
at Berkeley 165–6, 167
at Göttingen 124–5, 127, 128, 165, 167
and RO 125, 126
leaves to work under Sommerfeld 129
inspires Melba Phillips 174–5
publishes article on ‘quantum tunnelling’ 187
as associate director of Los Alamos 330, 331, 349–50, 353, 356, 357
opposes May–Johnson Bill 466, 472–3
appalled by RO’s article on Peters 535
influences RO 620
and RO’s 60th birthday tribute 658
Condon, Emilie 125
Congress for Cultural Freedom 110, 646, 647–8, 656
Encounter 652, 653n
Connecticut Academy of Arts and Sciences: Transactions 75
Consodine, Major William 383
Conversi, Marcello 502–3, 509
Copenhagen: Bohr’s institute 103, 185, 206, 214, 253
Corben, Herbert 289
Corbin, Austin 12–13
Cornell University 14, 28, 214, 317, 483, 496, 512, 517, 527
cosmic rays 180–81, 182, 184, 185, 192–6, 205, 224—30, 245, 288–9, 292, 491, 492, 502, 516–17, 535, 646
Coster-Mullen, John 409–10
Coudert, Senator F. R. 303
Council for Assisting Refugee Academics 89
Courant, Ernest 38
Courant, Hans 38
Courant, Richard 136, 652
Crease, Robert 554, 600, 640, 654, 657
Critchfield, Charles 355, 413
Crowther, James: Molecular Physics 75
Curie, Irène see Joliot-Curie, Irène
Curie, Marie 139, 147n
Curtis, Howard J. 472, 474
cyclotrons 168–9, 186–7, 191, 196, 215–16, 264, 265–7, 296, 305, 307, 311, 312
Japanese 479
Daghlian, Henry K. 461–2, 463
Daily Herald 196
Daily Mirror 190
Daily Worker 274, 277
Dallett, Joe 277–8
Dancoff, Sidney 259, 260, 264, 283, 284, 287, 288, 511, 512
Darrow, Karl 503
Darwin, Charles 92
David, B. Edmund 21
Davies, Watson 472
Davis, Nuel Pharr: Lawrence & Oppenheimer 109, 207, 314, 403–4
Dean, Gordon 552–3, 566, 568, 571, 574, 575, 577, 578, 594, 614, 630
de Silva, Captain Peer:
suspects RO 342, 343, 346, 347, 363, 613–14
summarises case against him 373–4
told about Chevalier 382
reports conversation with RO 387–8, 533, 534
memo on RO and Bohm 389
Desjardins, Paul 90
deuterium 183–4, 207, 213, 215, 319, 320, 322, 396, 545, 566, 568, 585–6
deuterons 215, 216, 225, 267
Deutsch, Monroe: RO to 460–61, 478
Didisheim, Jane (later Kayser) 30, 40, 41, 51, 70
Diebner, Kurt 402
Dirac, Margit (née Wigner) 217–18
Dirac, Paul 101, 108, 129, 203
and de Broglie’s ideas 103
and RO 101–2, 106, 129–30
and Heisenberg’s theory 105
publishes papers on quantum mechanics 105–6
and Schrödinger’s theory 107–8
submits PhD thesis 112, 115
and RO’s first paper 112–13, 171
at Göttingen 129, 130, 131
produces papers on ‘transformation theory’ and QED 130, 156
as Ehrenfest’s guest in Leiden 136
at Solvay Congress (1927) 139
on American physicists 141
made fellow of St John’s, Cambridge 143
introduces ‘Dirac equation’ 157, 158
and Anderson’s discovery of the positron 191–3, 194
becomes Lucasian Professor of Mathematics 193
helps Blackett and Occhialini 195
disillusioned 208
his theory investigated by Plesset and RO 204–5, 206, 207–8, and reformulated by RO and Furry 209
and Ehrenfest’s suicide 206
awarded Nobel Prize (1933) 116, 209–10
at Institute for Advanced Study 217, 507, 508
marriage 217–18
opposed to Schwinger’s theory 521
articles:
‘The Fundamental Equations of Quantum Mechanics’ 105
The Principles of Quantum Mechanics 217, 285
‘Quantum Mechanics’ 112
‘Quantum Mechanics and a Preliminary Investigation of the Hydrogen Atom’ 106
‘Theory of the Positron’ 207–8
‘Dirac equation’ 157, 158, 176–7
Donne, John 234, 427
Doyle, Bernadette 366, 375
Dresden, bombing of (1945) 428
Du Bos, Charles 90
DuBridge, Lee 495, 516, 547, 550–51, 563–4, 565, 574, 575, 577, 578, 585, 614
Dudley, Colonel W. H. 327
Duffield, Priscilla 425
Dulles, Allen W. 581, 583, 601
Dulles, John Foster 583, 587, 649
‘A Policy of Boldness’ 583–4
Dunning, John 324
Dyson, Freeman:
impresses RO and Pais 512
on Schwinger 512–14, 517–18
on Tomonaga, 515
obsessed with new QED 517
at Ann Arbor summer school 517
and Feynman 517
publishes ‘The Radiation Theories of Tomonaga, Schwinger and Feynman’ 208, 283, 518–19, 520
shocked by RO’s change of attitude towards Schwinger’s theory 520, 521
relations with RO 521–3, 526, 632, 633, 642
and Eliot 526
chooses to work with Peierls 523, 526–7
becoming ‘a Big Shot’ 523
attends American Physical Society annual meeting with RO 527
at Pocono conference 529
on RO 529, 631
fails to win Nobel Prize 530
edits special issue of Reviews of Modern Physics for RO’s 60th birthday 657, 658
and RO’s illness 666–7
Dyson, George 512
Eaton, Ralph 62
Economist, The 489, 599
Edsall, John 57–8, 78, 81, 91, 97, 100, 107, 108–9, 111–12, 114, 143
Eger, Clara (née Binswanger) 18
Eger, David 18
Ehrenfest, Paul 151–2, 167
and RO 113, 136, 137, 143, 144, 151, 152–3, 155–6, 159, 161
Born’s letters to 133, 136–7
on Bohr 140
Pauli to 160
and Faust pastiche 185
depression and suicide 153, 206–7, 211
Ehrenfest, Wassik 153
Einstein, Albert 88
quantum theory of light (1905) 87, 102, 157
as star of Solvay Congress (1911) 138
and Pauli 157, 159
supports de Broglie 103
and Schrödinger 107
and quantum mechanics debate 116, 132, 139–40
on Ehrenfest 151
visits Caltech 197, 198
and RO 197
and Flexner 197
at Institute for Advanced Study 198, 214, 261, 507, 634
angry with Birkhoff 82–3
‘completely cuckoo’ 218
alerts Belgians to importance of uranium 262–3
his letter to Roosevelt 263, 308, 432, 666
photographed with RO 508
at Pais’s seminar 509
criticised by RO 601, 637, 665–6
and RO’s security hearing 621, 662
refuses TV interview 633, 634
death 635
Eisenhower, Dwight D., President 565, 582–3, 584, 587, 590, 592, 595–6, 598, 645
electrodynamics 156–7
; electromagnetic radiation 86, 102, 130, 131, 156–7
electrons 86–7, 102–5, 107–8, 113, 115–16, 131, 134–5, 137, 143–4, 157, 158, 509–10, 511, 513, 521, 528, 541, 646
Eliot, Charles 52
Eliot, George 35–6
Middlemarch 36–7, 38
Eliot, T. S. 90, 526
The Criterion 144
The Cocktail Party 526
Ellanby, Boyd see Boyd, William
Elliott, John 32
Eltenton, George 334–6, 357, 367, 368–9, 370–72, 375, 377, 378, 379, 381–2, 383, 486–7, 494, 611–12
Engineering and Science Monthly 516
Eniwetok Atoll, Marshall Islands 568, 584–5
Epstein, Paul 204
Epstein, Saul 507
‘Note on the Stimulated Decay of Negative Mesons’ (with RO and Finkelstein) 509
Ethical Culture School 27–8, 29, 30, 32, 34, 37, 38, 40, 41, 44, 49, 56, 81
Inklings (journal) 32–3
The Light (play) 37
Ethical Culture Society 13, 14, 15, 17, 19, 20–21, 22–3, 26–7, 29, 31, 32, 34, 57, 70
Eugene Register-Guard 635
Evans, Ward 608, 615, 619, 620, 621
Evening Star 598
Everett, Cornelius 560, 565
‘exclusion principle’ (Pauli) 157–8
FAECT see Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians
Faraday, Michael 154
Farmelo, Graham: The Strangest Man 191, 193
Farrell, Brigadier General Thomas F. 439–40, 441, 442, 444, 447–8, 462–3
‘Fat Man’ 411–15, 420, 423, 427, 444, see ‘Trinity Project’
FBI:
and CP members 234, 280–81
starts investigating RO 281, 300–1, 302, 308, 310
and Chevalier 310
and Nelson 335, 336
ordered to close file on RO 341
and Serbers 223
informs Pash of Nelson–Weinberg conversation 343–4, 345
and relationship with G-2 345, 349
investigates scientists at Berkeley Rad Lab (‘CINRAD’) 358, 364, 366
taps Jean Tatlock’s phone 373
and Lansdale 382, 383
given Frank Oppenheimer’s name 383–4
keeps Chevalier under close surveillance 386
and Rotblat 403
and Ted Hall 424
surveillance of RO 175, 457, 482–3, 484, 485–7, 493, 499
interviews Chevalier 486–7, 493–4
RO’s dossier sent to AEC 499
and HUAC hearing 533, 535, 537, 598
and Teller 573, 575
and Pitzer and Libby 574, 575, 577
continues to keep RO under surveillance 599, 619–20
and RO’s hearing 605
see also Hoover, J. Edgar
Federation of Architects, Engineers, Chemists and Technicians (FAECT) 365, 366, 367, 368
Feld, Bernard 466
Ferguson, Sampson Noland 42