George Washington
Page 57
Louis XVI, King of France 314, 339, 425
Louisbourg 112, 113, 122, 134, 157, 163, 276
Louisiana 18, 35, 65, 170
Lovell, James 332, 336
Loyalhanna Creek 139–140, 142, 143, 145, 146, 147, 148, 161, 165
Loyalists 213, 255, 272, 277, 296, 303, 304, 340, 356, 364, 378, 379
Luzerne, Anne-César, Chevalier de la 384, 386
McConkey’s Ferry 276, 277, 278, 280, 282
McDougall, General Alexander 413
McIntosh, William 298
Mackay, Captain James 57, 58, 61, 62, 63
Mackenzie, Lieutenant Frederick 262
McKenzie, Malcolm 408
Mackenzie, Captain Robert 187
MacMahon, Isabella 252
MacMahon, Private Thomas 252
McNeil, Daniel 165–66
Magaw, Colonel Robert 258, 260, 261, 262
Mahicans 167, 352
Maidenhead 288, 293, 294
Maine 212, 215, 217
Manchester Regiment 183
Manhattan 228, 233, 237, 238, 238–41, 244, 246, 255, 256, 272, 300, 344, 347, 362, 382, 385, 386, 393, 411
Manley, Captain/Commodore John 215, 285
Marblehead Regiment 206, 285
Marie-Antoinette, Queen 426
Marin, Pierre de La Malgue, sieur de 36, 39
Marjoribanks, Major John 400
Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of 56, 121, 165, 198, 219, 305
Marston Moor, Battle of 14
Martha’s Vineyard 347
Martin, Private Joseph Plumb 323, 326, 342, 358, 398, 401, 410, 418, 419, 428
Martinique 164, 168, 169, 183
Maryland 15, 20, 38, 52, 65, 302, 389
frontiers 83, 125
indentured servants 22
militia 16
speculators from 174
troops from 70, 85, 86, 88, 93, 99, 100, 106, 108, 123, 148, 193, 232, 239, 248, 267, 270, 291, 318, 380
Massachusetts 89, 91, 99, 218
Assembly 181
troops from 102, 191
Massachusetts Artillery 290
Massachusetts Bay colony 164, 187
Maumee River 422
Mawhood, Lieutenant Colonel Charles 291, 293, 298
Medows, Brigadier General William 349, 409
Meigs, Colonel Return Jonathan 358–59
mercenaries 229, 252
Mercer, Anne see Patton, Anne
Mercer, Captain/Lieutenant Colonel George 38, 50, 92, 110, 120–21, 137, 147, 161
Mercer, Colonel/Brigadier General Hugh 152–53, 183, 262, 276, 289
Mercer, Captain John Fenton 96
Metuchen 301
Miamis 171, 422
Middlebrook 300, 301, 348
Mifflin, Brigadier General Thomas 287, 324, 331, 332
Minden, Battle of 315, 377
Mingos 36, 40–41, 58, 59, 73, 115, 161, 171, 422
minutemen 198, 211, 216, 217, 421
missionaries 135, 412
Mississippi Company 174–75
Mississippi River/Valley 43, 170, 348
Mohawk Valley 354
Mohawks 43, 167, 168, 351, 354, 406
Moldavia 184
Monacatoocha 41, 53–54, 73, 76, 88
Monckton, Major General Robert 183–84
Monmouth Court House, Battle of 342–45
Monongahela River, Battle of 36, 38–39, 77–82, 83, 88, 91, 103, 136, 163, 199, 235, 294
Monroe, Lieutenant James (later president) 281, 428
Montcalm, Louis Joseph, Marquis de 102, 112
Monteur, Andrew 88
Montgomery, Colonel Archibald 149, 150, 166–67
Montgomery, Brigadier General Richard 199, 217, 221, 222
Montgomery’s Highlanders 123, 139–40, 141, 171, 172, 261–262
Montreal 123, 217, 229
Montresor Island 244
Morgan, Captain Daniel 77, 212, 308, 339, 378, 379, 423
Morris, Robert 273, 394
Morris, Captain Roger 69
Morristown 267, 295–96, 297, 298–99, 302, 324, 356, 371, 372, 378, 399
Molder, Captain Joseph 292
Mount Holly 275, 278
Mount Vernon 21, 26, 28, 31, 32, 34, 67, 84, 117, 120, 137–38, 154, 160, 165, 173, 178, 185, 217, 270, 319, 326, 337, 394, 419–20, 426, 427, 429, 430
Murdering Town 45
Muse, George, Major/Lieutenant Colonel 35, 60, 63, 177–78
Musgrove, Lieutenant Colonel Thomas 310, 312
Muskingum River 172
mutiny 205, 252, 358–59, 372–74, 413, 417–418
Nancy (British ordnance ship) 215
Napoleonic Wars 426
Narrangansett Bay 346
Naseby, Battle of 14
New Army 427, 428
New Bedford 347
New Camp 150
New England 84, 191, 272, 303, 350, 353
militia 196, 197–98, 359
troops in Continental Army 200, 215–16, 238–39, 257, 269, 285, 294, 374
New France 18, 112, 122–23, 157, 160, 171
Indian network in Ohio 135–36
militarized society 59
ramifications of rebuilding 348
ultimate victory over 113
see also France
New Hampshire
militia 303–4
troops from 201, 216, 218
New Haven 350
New Jersey 196, 208, 255, 257, 259, 263, 264, 265, 268, 269, 270, 271, 272, 273, 282, 284, 286, 295, 297, 301, 302–3, 307, 316, 318, 320, 340, 341, 347, 350, 356, 371, 390, 391
militia 274, 275, 287, 379
troops from 373, 394, 397
New Jersey College 274
New London 92, 395
New Model Army 14
New Orleans 348
New Windsor 372
New York 66, 84, 92, 93, 171, 184, 418–19, 420
British army withdraws toward 339, 340
as British operational base 212, 214
Clinton sails south from 356
Clinton’s return to 345
frontier 102, 112, 134, 161, 168, 355
munitions in 215
Provincial Congress 196, 229–30
Revolutionary War 192, 195–96, 207–8, 225–49, 254, 255, 257, 261, 269, 272, 295, 300, 301, 382–83, 387, 393–94
troops 69, 77, 183, 192, 393–94, 403
Washington in (1775) 196
Washington enters (1783) 419–20
New York Independent Company 69, 77, 183
Newark 263
Newburgh 412–13, 414, 416–17, 418
Newburgh Addresses 414–15
Newcastle, Thomas Pelham-Holles, Duke of 113
Newport 92, 272, 346, 347, 356, 360, 375, 376, 377, 381, 390, 395
Niagara 65, 161, 162, 171, 354
Nicola, Colonel Lewis 417
nonimportation pacts 180, 181, 186–87
Nooks Hill 224
Norfolk 375
North, Lord 212, 213, 233
North Carolina 31, 66, 69–70, 90, 103, 213, 230, 349, 361, 374, 378–79, 390
troops from 85, 123, 148, 361, 379, 399
North Castle 256, 257
North River 228, 363
Northern Neck 28, 32, 34, 35, 175, 382
Norwalk 350
Nottoways 136
Nova Scotia 18, 66, 84, 112, 225, 228
O’Hara, Lieutenant Augustus 406
O’Hara, Brigadier General Charles 406–7
Ohio Company 37, 38–39, 47, 51, 68
Ohio Indians 135–136, 148, 162, 171, 176, 202, 262
Ohio River/Valley 35–36, 39–47, 58, 64, 73, 102, 109, 123, 130, 141, 142, 152, 157, 161, 175–76, 276, 412, 422
Old Point Comfort 388
“Olive Branch Petition” 192, 213
Oneida Indians 41, 53–54
Ontario, Lake 65, 102, 148
Orme, Captain Robert 67–68, 69, 76, 80
Osborn, Sarah 403, 407
O
swego 102
Ottawas 46, 171, 422, 424
Ottoman Turks 184
Oudenarde, Battle of 56
Paine, Thomas 270, 296
Pamunkey River 71
Paoli, Battle of 307, 309, 350
Paris, Peace of (1763) 169
Paris, Peace of (1783) 418
Parke II, Colonel Daniel 121–22
Parke, Sarah 121
Parkman, Francis 56
Passaic River 263
Paterson, John 318
Patterson, Lieutenant Colonel James 235
Patterson Creek 89, 90–91
Patton, Anne (née Mercer) 183
Patton, General George 183
Patton, Robert 183
Paulding, John 364
Paulus Hook 272, 351, 398
Peace Commission (proposed) 213–14
Peachey, Captain William 116
Peale, Charles Willson 5–7, 178–79, 267, 297
Peale, Rembrandt 7
Pearis, Richard 69
Peebles, John, Lieutenant/Captain 261, 298, 311, 336, 339, 349, 359, 406
Peekskill 10, 259, 265, 302, 313
Pell’s Point 255
Pemberton, Israel 135, 148
Peninsular War 349
Pennington, Captain Isaac 30
Pennington Road 280–81
Pennsylvania 30–31, 52, 74, 127, 266, 269
frontier of 3, 83, 101–2, 113, 161, 171
militia 273–74, 277, 290, 305, 422
Revolutionary War 271, 272, 273, 287, 297–312, 316–21, 328, 388
rivalry with Virginia 131, 133
troops from 86, 90, 93, 99, 106, 109, 123, 143, 149, 150, 152, 153, 193, 204, 205, 239, 258, 267, 269, 291, 307, 359, 371–72, 387–88, 394
Whiskey Rebellion 425
Pennsylvania Gazette 96, 108, 147
Pennsylvania Regiment 144, 150, 152, 153
pensions 335, 380, 428
Percy, General Hugh, Lord 197, 354, 406
Perth Amboy 264, 297, 301
Peter the Great, Tsar of Russia 319
Philadelphia 1, 2, 42, 92, 159, 162, 184, 188, 211, 229, 241, 244, 257, 266, 268, 270, 271, 273, 275, 289, 388
British evacuation of 339–40, 348
campaign 296–312, 316–21
Congress leaves 268, 271
Congress returns to 307, 372
First Continental Congress 186–87
Forbes’s headquarters at 125, 126, 127
Howe captures and occupies 307, 308, 312, 318, 320–21
Howe’s force sails to 301–3
Pennsylvanian mutineers march on 372
Second Continental Congress 191, 192
troops from 264, 277, 284, 290, 292, 293
Washington in 303, 391
Philadelphia Associators 267, 277, 292, 293
Philipse, Mary Eliza 93
Philips’s Manor, New York 352
Phillips, Major General William 377, 386
Pilgrim Fathers 14
Pinckney, Major General Charles Cotesworth 427
Piscataway 299, 300
Pitt, William 112, 113, 122, 123, 124, 130, 135, 157, 180
Pittsburgh 161, 176
Plains of Abraham (Quebec), Battle of 163, 169, 198, 220, 398
plunderers 251, 252, 273, 301, 357
Point Lévis 217
Poland 184
Polson, William 79
Poltava, Battle of 319
Pompton 373
Pontiac, Chief 171, 177
Pontiac’s War 170–73, 177
Pope, Anne 15
Popes Creek 17, 18
Porto Bello 22
Portsmouth 375, 383, 387, 388
Portugal 349
Post, Christian Frederick 135, 148
Post Road 287, 290
Potomac River 28, 30, 38, 68, 91, 100, 103, 394
Powhatan Indians 14, 15
Presque Isle 36, 39, 43, 161, 171
Prevost, Brigadier General Augustine 349, 355
Prince William County 98
HMS Princess Carolina 23
Princeton 265, 272, 277, 282, 286, 287, 288, 289, 290, 390
Battle of 10, 290–94, 295, 296, 316, 343, 411
prisoners of war 235, 261, 406
privateers 215, 269, 285, 426
Proclamation Line 176
Putnam, Major General Israel 199, 201, 223, 238, 247, 248, 259, 260, 303
Putnam, Lieutenant Colonel Rufus 223, 224
Quaker Bridge Road 287, 290
Quebec 112, 123, 162–63, 165, 169, 195–96, 212, 217, 220, 221, 222, 253, 262, 276, 398
Queen’s Rangers 387, 405
Quibbletown 301
Rall, Colonel Johann 273, 274, 275, 280, 281–82, 287, 296, 308
Ramsay, William 101
Randolph, Peyton 187
rangers 113–14, 168, 169, 197, 199, 276, 351, 354
Rappahannock River 21, 28, 155
Raritan River 264, 265, 272, 294, 300, 340
Rawdon, Captain Francis, Lord 246, 256, 380, 399
Raystown 127, 128, 129, 130, 132, 136, 139, 143, 145, 151
Read, James 294
Reading 330
Red Bank 312, 319
Redstone Creek 51, 52, 60
Reed, Colonel Joseph 215, 216, 223, 234, 247, 263, 264, 274, 275, 280, 373
Repetigny, Louis Le Gardeur de 43
Revolutionary War 3, 5, 50, 77, 78, 150, 191–420
Bemis Heights 313
British abandon Philadelphia and head for New York 339–42
British surrender at Yorktown 405–9
Brooklyn Heights 239–40
build-up to 179–88
Burgoyne surrenders to Gates 313, 316
capture of Philadelphia 307
Caribbean theater 339, 349, 355
the Carolinas 349–50, 378–79, 380, 399
Charleston expedition 230
Cowpens and Guilford Court House 378–79
Eutaw Springs 399
fall of Charleston 359
final stages 411–18
Fort Washington 259–62
Franco-American alliance and campaigns 314–15, 338–39, 345–46, 355–56, 359–60, 375–78, 381, 382–96, 401–6, 411
Georgia 348
Germantown 308–10, 311–12
hopes for negotiated settlement 213, 228, 233–35, 241, 245–46, 254, 260
Indian war 351–55
invasion of Canada 212, 217, 221, 229, 231
Monmouth Court House 342–45
New York campaign (1781) 382–86
New York and New Jersey (1776) 227–70
outbreak of hostilities 188, 191
Peace of Paris (1783) 418
Pennsylvania campaign 297–312, 316–21
recapture of Boston 223–26
Rhode Island 346
Saratoga campaign 307–8, 315–17
siege of Boston 188, 191, 193, 203–4, 206, 207, 210, 214–15, 218, 222–24
southern campaign 359–61, 378–79, 380, 386–90
Staten Island conference 245–46
Trenton-Princeton campaign 272–96
Virginia 382, 383, 386–90
virtual civil war in south 362
war at sea 408–9, 355–56, 374–75, 381, 389, 391–92, 395–96
White Plains 256–57
Yorktown campaign 392–400
Reynolds, Sir Joshua 6, 68
Rhode Island 271, 272, 356, 359, 360, 362, 372, 375, 381, 383, 384, 392
troops from 218, 277
Richmond 374, 387
Richmond, Captain Christopher 414
riflemen 204–5, 212, 258, 264, 265–66, 275, 283, 287, 288, 308, 339, 352, 367, 387
Roanoke River 103
Robertson, Lieutenant General James 366
Robinson, John 68, 94, 133, 159
Rochambeau, General Jean Baptiste Donatien de Vimeur, Comte de 359–60, 362, 364, 372, 375, 376, 377, 381, 382, 383–84, 386, 387, 390, 392, 393, 394, 396, 401, 406, 411, 427
Rochambeau, Vicomte de 381
Rockingham, Charles Watson Wentworth, Lord 410
Rocky Hill 295
Rodney, Admiral Sir George 362, 363, 395
Rodney, Captain Thomas 290
Rogers, Major Robert 119, 157, 276
Romney, George 354
HMS Romulus 375
Root, Sergeant Nathaniel 284–85, 292, 297
Roxbury 210
Royal Academy 7
Royal American Regiment 99, 109, 114, 120, 123, 128, 163, 276
Royal Artillery 70, 291, 407
Royal Deux-Ponts Regiment 391
Royal Military Academy, Woolwich 1
Royal Navy
press American sailors to man vessels 424,
Revolutionary War 213, 214–15, 224, 227, 231, 233, 255, 299, 344, 360, 377, 391–92, 395–96, 402
Washington destined for 29
Royal Proclamation of Rebellion (1775) 208
Rupert of the Rhine, Prince 14
Rush, Benjamin 193, 231, 245–46, 269, 278, 279, 285, 311, 329–30, 332, 345
Russia 184
mercenaries from 229
Rutledge, Edward 245
St. Clair, Brigadier/Major General Arthur 276, 289, 307, 422–23
St. Clair, Sir John 73, 126, 127, 147
St. John 217, 307
St. Lawrence River/Valley 58, 65, 148, 212
St. Lucia 339, 349
Saint-Pierre, Captain Jacques Legardeur, sieur de 43–45, 102
Sandusky, Battle of 412
Sandy Hook 302, 340, 345, 390
sanitation 202–3
Saratoga, battles of 308–9, 313–15, 316–17, 330, 343
Savannah 349, 355, 408, 418, 426
Savoy, Eugene, Prince of 165
Saxe, Marshal Maurice de 319, 424
Schuyler, Major General Philip 199, 212, 217, 273, 308
Schuylkill River 307, 321
scorched-earth strategy 168, 354
Scotch-Irish settlers 31
Scotland
emigration to North America 298
recruits from 298
Scott, General Charles 318, 423
scouting parties 114
Scully, Michael 136
Second Continental Congress 188, 191
see also Congress
Ségur, Philippe-Henri-Marie, Comte de 381, 382
Seneca Indians 39, 41, 168, 176, 355
“Sentiments on a Peace Establishment” 421
Serle, Ambrose 234, 242, 253, 262, 283, 337, 354
servants, indentured 15, 19–20, 99
Seven Years’ War 6, 169–70, 238, 262, 360, 377
see also French and Indian War
Seward, Ann 367
Shabakunk Run 288
Sharpe, Horatio, lieutenant governor of Maryland 52, 65, 66, 91, 92–93, 95
Shaw, Major Samuel 294
Shawnees 36, 40, 58, 135, 141, 148, 161–62, 171, 175, 352, 412, 422, 424
Shenandoah Valley 29, 32, 83–84, 86, 103, 125, 184
Shingas, Chief 39, 73
Shirley, William, lieutenant governor of Massachusetts 89, 91, 92