George Washington
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Donop, Colonel Carl von 274, 275, 312, 319
Dorchester Heights 223–24
Dorchester Neck 197
Dover Light Infantry Company 290
Doyle, John 144
duelling 333, 335–36, 345
Dumas, Jean-Daniel 78
Dumas, Comte Mathieu 406
Dunbar, Colonel Thomas 75, 80
Dunks’s Ferry 278
Duquesne, Ange de Menneville, Marquis de 36, 64
dysentery 117, 119–20, 153, 202, 328
HMS Eagle 233, 253, 354
East India Company 181
East River 92, 228, 240, 246, 255
Easton, Treaty of 135, 148, 152, 171
Edwards, Ignatious 111
Edwards’s Fort 96
Eight Mile Run stream 288
English Civil War 13, 14
Erie, Lake 36
Esopus 313
espontoons 398–99
Estaing, Vice Admiral Charles-Hector, Comte d’ 345–47, 349, 355–56, 426
Etchoe 167
Eutaw Springs, Battle of 399
Evans, Revd 403
Ewald, Captain Johann 265, 275, 283, 289, 295, 312, 319, 335, 344, 351–52, 367, 376, 387, 389, 409–10
Ewing, Brigadier General James 277, 278, 282
Fabius Cunctator 5, 299
Fairfax, Anne see Washington, Anne
Fairfax, Bryan 163, 181
Fairfax, Deborah (née Clarke) 32
Fairfax, George William 29, 31, 119, 137, 142, 156, 181, 185, 188
Fairfax, Captain Robert 28
Fairfax, Sally (née Cary) 31, 68, 74, 83, 95, 119, 120, 137, 156, 185, 336, 429
Fairfax, Sir Thomas 14
Fairfax, Lord Thomas 28, 29, 31, 382
Fairfax, Colonel William 28, 29, 32, 83, 98, 109, 119, 185
Fairfax, Ensign William Henry 109, 163, 164
Fairfax County 173, 179, 188
Fairfax family 83, 159, 185, 377, 430
Fairfield 350
Fallen Timbers, Battle of 424
Falmouth 215
Fatland 307
Fauquier, Francis, lieutenant governor of Virginia 143, 152, 176
Ferguson, Major Patrick 1–2, 4, 361
Ferry Farm 21, 26–27, 28, 30, 67
First Continental Congress 186–87
see also Congress
Fitzhugh, William 66
Flahaven, John 279
Flatbush 239
flax 160
Fletcher, George 183
Fletcher, Lieutenant Colonel Henry 169
floggings 143, 202, 212, 252, 358, 418
Florida 18, 170, 177, 339
Fontenoy, Battle of 79
Forbes, Brigadier General John 159, 160, 162, 166, 171, 179, 195, 220, 222, 235, 331, 424
Ohio expedition 123, 124, 125, 130, 131–32, 133, 134–35, 138, 139, 140, 141, 142, 143, 144, 145, 146, 147, 149–51
Forks of the Ohio 36, 38, 45, 49, 64, 77, 83, 130, 161
Forrest, Captain Thomas 281, 287, 288
Fort Beauséjour 66, 102
Fort Clinton 313
Fort Constitution 313
Fort Cumberland 69, 70, 71, 72, 73, 74, 83, 85, 86, 88–89, 91, 93, 94, 96, 99, 100, 103, 104, 106, 108, 113, 115, 127, 130, 132, 133, 136, 137, 140, 425
Fort Dinwiddie 86, 90
Fort Duquesne 58, 64, 66, 67, 75, 77, 78, 80, 91, 106, 108, 109, 113, 123, 125, 127, 128, 130, 137, 138–40, 145–46, 149, 150, 151, 153, 155, 158, 167, 220, 239, 399,
see also Fort Pitt
Fort Frontenac 148
Fort Griswold 395
Fort Independence 300
Fort Le Boeuf 36, 42, 43–44, 51, 102, 161
Fort Lee 258, 259–60, 263, 266
Fort Ligonier 146, 165
Fort Loudoun (Virginia) 104, 111, 113, 122, 127, 166
Fort Loudoun (Tennessee) 166–67
Fort Mercer 213
Fort Mifflin 213
Fort Montgomery 213
Fort Necessity 57–58, 59–60, 63–64, 81, 88, 96, 103, 108, 112, 259, 177, 204, 236
Fort Niagara 65, 161, 171
Fort Ninety Six 168
Fort Pitt 152, 153, 161, 171, 172, 183
Fort Presque Isle 43, 161
Fort Royal (Martinique) 183
Fort Stanwix, Treaty of 175
Fort Washington 245, 258, 259–62, 265, 273, 283, 295–96, 359, 408
Fort William Henry 112
Fortescue, Sir John 296, 430–31
Fox, Henry 57
France
on brink of conflict with US 426
Caribbean possessions 164, 168, 169, 183, 213, 339, 349, 381, 382, 389
close-order formation used by 409
Congress cancels alliance with 426
Continental Army rivals best troops of 252
declares war on Britain (1778) 316, 339
fleet in Revolutionary War 346–47, 355–56, 359, 375–76, 381, 389–90, 391–92
French Revolution 425–26
interests in Ohio Valley 35, 36–37, 39, 40–41, 49, 64, 65
loss of Indian support 148–49, 151
Napoleonic Wars 426
nature of British victory over (1763) 169–70
North American territories 18, 35
outbreak of war with Britain (1793) 424
preys on American shipping 426
and proposed Franco-American invasion of Canada 348–49
Revolutionary regime 246, 425–26
seeks revenge for humiliation of 1763 170, 212
support for American revolutionaries 213, 315–16, 338–39, 356–57, 359–60, 362–63, 371, 374–77, 381, 386–96, 401–7, 410, 425–26
see also French and Indian War; New France
Franklin, Benjamin 20, 34, 71–72, 234, 245, 337, 338, 398
Fraser, John 38–39, 46
Fraunces Tavern (New York) 419
Frederick the Great, King of Prussia 165, 319, 337
Frederick/Frederick County 49, 69
Frederick (cont'd)
Washington tops poll in Assembly elections 131
Fredericksburg 21, 38, 175, 183
Freeman, Douglas Southall 156, 157
Freeman’s Farm 308, 313
Freemasons 183
French, Captain 136
French, Captain/Major Christopher, 168, 208
French Creek 36, 43, 44–45
French and Indian War 3, 4, 9, 49–82, 83–117, 122–53, 155, 157, 161, 183, 191, 216, 235
French Revolution 425–26
Friendly Association for Regaining and Preserving Peace with the Indians by Pacific Measures 135
friendly fire 147–48, 165, 306, 307
frostbite 323
Fry, Colonel Joshua 49–50, 53, 57
Frye, Joseph 201
Gage, Lieutenant Colonel/Colonel/Major General/Lieutenant General Thomas 77, 78, 80, 124, 172, 187, 191, 197, 207–8, 212, 214, 408
Gates, Brigadier/Major General Horatio 77, 183–86, 199, 208, 216, 268, 273, 308, 378
as possible replacement for Washington as commander in chief 317–18, 329–32, 333, 334
role in army agitation against Congress 413–14
sent to southern sector 360
victory over Burgoyne at Saratoga 313, 328, 343
Genesee Country 354
George II, King 22, 56, 57, 88, 125, 128, 152, 164
George III, King 1, 7, 164, 192, 232, 233, 235, 255, 265, 271, 286, 329, 333, 425
George, Lake 102, 112, 134, 148, 221, 254
Georgia 18, 186, 348–49, 390
troops from 249
Germain, Lord George 213, 231, 240, 257, 266, 272, 314, 315, 339, 348, 351, 356, 363, 410
German settlers 31
German troops 123, 229, 267, 340, 346, 407
see also Hessian troops
Germantown 302
Battle of 309–10, 311–12, 314, 316
Gibbs, Major Caleb 367
Gimat, Chevalier de 403–4
Gist, Captain Chri
stopher 38, 45, 46, 53, 55, 58, 59, 69, 87, 116, 140, 176
Gist, Nathaniel 69–70, 359
Gist, Ensign Thomas 140, 141, 148, 176
Glen, James 130
Glorious Revolution 19
Gloucester 316, 389, 405
Glover, Colonel John 241, 256, 276, 285
Gnadenhütten 412
Gordon, Captain Harry 172
Gordon, Thomas 182
Gordon’s Ford 307
governors, colonial 19
Gowanus Creek 240
Grant, Major/Major General James 140–42, 143, 145, 152, 167–68, 172, 176, 208, 239, 240, 261, 266, 272, 274, 277, 280, 310, 349, 354
Grant, Sergeant William 149
Graves, Admiral 388, 390, 392, 395, 400, 405
Great Kanawha River 176
Great Lakes 46, 58, 148
Great Meadows 53, 56, 59, 60, 75, 81, 176
Great Valley Road 305
Green, Revd Charles 119
Green Spring, Battle of 388
Greene, Catherine 281, 325
Greene, Christopher 296
Greene, Brigadier General/Major General Nathanael 199, 204, 224, 238, 242–43, 244, 247, 249, 250, 258–59, 260, 269, 270, 276, 280, 281, 286, 288, 293, 296, 299, 305, 309, 310, 311, 325, 328, 332, 341, 343, 347, 366, 379, 380, 386, 392, 399, 408
Greenwood, John 7, 8, 273, 285
grenadier companies 169, 264
Grenville, George 179
Grey, Major General Charles 307, 309, 320, 347, 350
Griffin, Colonel Samuel 274, 275
Griffiths, Barnard E. 405
Groton 395
Gruber, Ira D. 296
Guilford Court House, Battle of 379, 380, 399, 407, 408
Guyasuta (Kiashuta), Chief 41, 176–77
Hackensack 260, 269
Hackensack River 263
Haiti (Saint Domingue) 389
Halifax 112, 225, 227, 230
Halkett, Major Francis 132
Hamilton, Captain/Lieutenant Colonel Alexander 233, 281, 318, 332, 341–42, 343, 361, 366, 404, 413, 422, 427, 428
Hamilton, Elizabeth 404
Hampton Roads 67, 71, 388
Hanau 229
Hancock, John 200, 209, 210, 217, 222, 224, 233, 234, 241–42, 250, 251, 259, 262, 264, 266, 268, 279, 281, 282, 283, 285, 286, 289, 294, 300, 304, 306, 311, 315, 323
Hand, Colonel Edward 287, 288
Hanna, John 143
Hannibal 299
Hanover 113
Harcourt, Lieutenant Colonel William 268
Harlem Heights 245, 247–49, 250, 255
Harlem River 260
Harmar, Brigadier General Josiah 422
Harrison, Benjamin 315
Hartford 208, 362, 364, 393
Harvard College 225
Haslet, Colonel John 294
Havana 164, 169, 170, 187
Haymer, Corporal Matthew 327
Head of Elk 302–3, 389, 394
Heath, Major General William 259, 264, 300
Heights of Guana 237, 238
Heister, Lieutenant General Philip von 239
hemp 160
Henry, Patrick 186, 194, 332
Hesse-Cassel 229
Hessian troops 229, 230, 239, 242, 246, 257, 260, 261, 262, 264, 265, 266, 270, 271–72, 277, 280–83, 286, 288, 290, 295, 297, 301, 309, 312, 319, 328, 379, 387, 407
Hillsborough 272, 379
Hobkirk’s Hill, Battle of 380
Hog, Captain Peter 86, 90
Hood, Vice Admiral Sir Samuel 390, 392, 395
Hopewell Township 341
Houdon, Jean-Antoine 8
House of Burgesses 19, 32, 49–50, 68, 89, 95, 133, 155, 165, 170, 179, 181, 210
Howe, Brigadier General George Augustus 134, 157, 164, 230, 232–33, 246, 276
Howe, Vice Admiral Richard, 4th Viscount 230, 233, 234, 241, 255
Howe, Major General Robert 374
Howe, General William 197, 212, 213, 222, 298, 299, 346
blamed for Burgoyne’s surrender in north 314, 316
Brandywine 304, 305–6
Breed’s Hill 197
as Colonel at Quebec 164
evacuates Boston 224
Fort Washington 259
Germantown 398, 309, 311, 312
New York and New Jersey 225, 228, 230, 232–34, 235, 237, 238, 239–43, 245, 246, 247–49, 254, 255, 256, 258, 260, 261, 263, 265, 269, 287
peace initiatives 233–35, 254, 265
Pennsylvania campaign 271–72, 273, 300–301, 302–3
in Philadelphia 318, 319, 320–21, 337
replaced as commander in chief by Clinton 336, 340
takes Philadelphia 307
Trenton-Princeton campaign 286, 295, 296–97
howitzers 70
Hudson Highlands 259, 263, 302, 313, 348, 350, 351, 356, 363, 411
Hudson River/Valley 92, 134, 227, 232, 244, 247, 254, 255, 257, 258, 259, 263, 265, 271, 272, 298, 302, 308, 313, 344, 350, 351, 363, 382, 383
Humphreys, Lieutenant Colonel David 9
Hunter, John 71
hunting 173, 293, 382
Huntington, Samuel 361
Hurons 176
independent companies 57, 60, 69, 166, 188
Indian traders 135
Indians
attacks by 45–46, 54, 83–84, 86, 87, 95–97, 141, 162, 171, 351–53, 355–56, 412, 422
backcountry hatred of 97
as British allies 125–26, 130, 134–35, 141, 148, 151, 161–62, 169, 171, 351, 355
British incite against US 424
British postwar treatment of 171
defense of western frontier 175–76
desert Fort Duquesne 148
devastation of crops 425
impact of disease and warfare on 18
need to treat with respect 162
Ohio Valley 35–36, 39–47, 73
pan-Indian confederacy 422, 425
Pontiac’s War 171–73
and Revolutionary War 220–21, 351–56, 412
support for French dwindles 161
techniques adopted by British troops 169
techniques adopted by Virginia Regiments 128–29
territory west of Appalachians reserved for 173, 174
war with Cherokees (1760-1) 166–68, 171
war a way of life for 59
war on western frontier (1790-4) 422–25
Washington’s first encounters with 30
white captives 97, 147, 148, 165, 176
see also French and Indian War
Ingram, Corporal John 327
Inman, Ensign George 292, 306
Innes, Colonel/Lieutenant Colonel John 64
Ireland
armed forces in 228–29
rebellion in (1798) 208
troops from 230, 262
Iroquois 36, 40, 58, 161, 168, 175, 303, 351, 353, 354–55
Iroquois Confederacy 36, 39, 58
Jackson’s River 86
Jacobins 426
Jacobites 152, 183, 208
jägers see riflemen
Jamaica 23
Jamaica Pass 237, 238, 239
James II, King 19
James River 374, 387, 388, 396
Jamestown 14, 396
Jamestown Point, Battle of 408
Jay, John 186, 411
Jay Treaty 426
Jefferson, Thomas 184, 232, 251, 397, 428, 430
Jeffries Ford 305
Jeney, Captain Louis Michel de 220
Jockey Hollow 356
Johnson (Indian captive) 147, 148
Johnson, Mary 17–18
Johnson, Sir William 102, 125, 162
Joncaire, Captain Philippe Thomas de 41–42, 45
Jones, Joseph 415–16
Jumonville, Joseph Coulon, sieur de 54–57, 58, 59, 61, 62, 63, 64, 80, 108, 168
Kalb, Major General Johann de 318, 328, 360
Kearns, Lieutenant Jacob 150
Kelly, David 96, 97
Kennebec
River 212
Kennedy, Captain Quintin 167–68
Kentucky 175
militia 422
riflemen 424
King’s Bridge 242, 243, 255, 256, 300, 362, 385
King’s Mountain, Battle of 361, 424
Kipling, Rudyard 4
Kip’s Bay 246, 247, 283, 423
Kirkpatrick, John 101, 133
Kirkwood, Private Robert 141, 172
Kittanning 149, 153, 202
Knowles, Captain Charles 25
Knox, Colonel/Brigadier General Henry 5, 215, 222, 223, 268, 269, 277, 279, 281, 282, 310, 318, 325, 385, 419, 421, 424, 427
Knyphausen, Lieutenant General Wilhelm 304, 306, 342
La Belle Famille 161
La Force, Monsieur 43
La Péronie, Ensign William 63, 79
Lafayette, Marie Joseph, Marquis de 5, 315–16, 332, 333, 337, 341, 342, 360, 375, 377, 386–87, 388, 389, 391–92, 399, 403, 426
Laurel Hill 139, 145
Laurens, Henry 323, 332, 338, 344, 348
Laurens, Lieutenant Colonel John 345, 368
Lear, Tobias 430
Lee, Arthur 337
Lee, Billy 206
Lee, Major General Charles 77, 184–85, 198, 273, 274, 327, 332
advocates citizen militia 221
as candidate for command of Continental Army 191, 267
captivity of 267–69, 270
character and attributes 264
court-martial and suspension 345
defense of New York 227–28, 231, 238
Monmouth Court House 343–45
pursuit of Clinton’s army 342–43
rejoins army after prisoner exchange 340–41
relationship with Washington 77, 259, 264–65, 255, 267–68, 340–41, 342–43
southern campaign 238, 255–56
Lee, Francis Lightfoot 166
Lee, Major/Colonel Henry (Light Horse Harry) 351, 416, 417, 423
Lee, General Robert E. 351
Lee, Sergeant William 201
Leeward Islands 121
Legion of the United States 424
Leib Regiment 335
“Letters of a Pennsylvania Farmer” (Dickinson) 186
Lewis, Major Andrew 85, 110, 129, 136, 140
Lewis, Captain Joshua 86
Lexington 188, 191, 196, 198, 217
liberty, concept of 216
Life Guard 367
light infantry companies 169
Lignery, Captain François-Marie Le Marchand de 145, 148, 161
Ligonier, Sir John 146
Lincoln, Major General Benjamin 349, 355, 359, 394, 406–7
Little Hunting Creek 17, 21, 26
Little Meadows 73–74
Little Tennessee River 166
Little Turtle 422
Loftus, Private Thomas 198
Logstown 39, 40, 41, 73
London Chronicle 3
London Magazine 56, 354
Long Island 228, 237, 238, 240, 244, 249, 256, 262, 271, 272, 283, 289, 295, 304, 306, 320, 327, 330, 305–6, 408, 413
Battle of 238–40
Loudoun, John Campbell, Earl of 102, 103–5, 106–7, 108–9, 111, 112, 122, 125, 127