Menneville, Ange de, 61
Mercer, George, 92, 115, 134, 158, 162, 172, 194, 199
Mercer, Hugh, 160
Merrell, James, 12, 153–54, 377
Messquakenoe. See Painted Pole (Red Pole) (Shawnee), 416
Mexico, 281
Miami River council (1792), 414
Miamis. See also Little Turtle and other Miamis; Northwestern Confederacy war Anglo-French rivalry and, 65
British and, 384
Cornplanter and, 403
French and Indian attacks on, 61, 62
Gist’s report and, 56
Iroquois confederacy and, 160, 381
Mahicans and, 413
map, 21m, 46m, 186m
migrations and mixings of peoples and, 51
Sandusky conference and, 420
trade and, 461
Washington and, 459
Wayne and, 436
Miami towns, 381
Miami Valley, 51
Michigan, 293, 315, 382
Michilimackinac fort, 178
Middle Cherokee towns, 165
Mifflin, Thomas, 334
migrations and mixing of peoples, 43, 44–45, 51, 107, 467. See also westward expansion
Mi’kmaqs, 228, 231. See also Treaty of Watertown (1776)
Milford, Louis LeClerc de, 373
military warrants, 308, 315
militias, 120, 121, 434
Miller’s Run, 265–66, 449
Mingoes. See also Cayugas; Logan, John and other Mingoes; Senecas; Tanaghrisson Anglo-French rivalry and, 65
Beaujeu and, 110
Braddock and, 105
Brodhead and, 248, 272
Cherokees and, 126
Dunmore and, 530n82
Forbes and, 153
Iroquois and, 51, 52
map, 46m
Post and, 154
settlers and, 198
Tanaghrisson and, 70, 87
violence against, 194
Virginia war with Shawnees and (1774), 208
Minnesota, 382
Minor, Stephen, 307
Miró, Estevan, 355, 373
Mishikinaakwa. See Little Turtle (Miami)
missionaries, 28, 263, 303. See also Kirkland, Samuel and other missionaries; Moravians; Quakers
Mississaugua Objibwas, 408
Mississippi Indians, 107, 182. See also Creeks
Mississippi Land Company, 178–79, 191, 211
Mississippi River and Valley, 21m, 27, 49, 54–55, 130, 178, 337. See also Chickasaws; Spain; Treaty of San Lorenzo (1795)
mixing of peoples, 43, 44–45, 51, 107, 470
M’kmaqs, 21m
Mohawk, John, 442
Mohawks (Kanienkehaka), 3, 21m, 30, 51, 53, 222, 237, 238–39, 242–43, 248, 256, 390. See also Atiatoharongwen; Battle of Oriskany; Brant, Joseph and other Mohawks; Kahnawake Indians
Mohawk Valley, 303
Mohegans, 218. See also Johnson, Joseph; Occom, Samson
Moluntha (Melonthe) (Mekoche Shawnee), 311
Monacans, 19
Monacatootha. See (Scarouady) (Oneida)
Monongahela River, 54, 82m, 110–12, 114, 185, 187, 192, 199. See also Braddock’s defeat
Monroe, James, 302, 303, 315
Montcalm, Marquis de, 95–96, 135, 152
Montgomery, Archibald, 164
Monticello, 31
Montour, Andrew (Satellihu) (Eghnisara) (Oneida-French intermediary), 58 Anglo-French rivalry and, 63
background of, 55
Croghan on, 55, 505n30
at Fort Cumberland, 105
Fort Pitt council and, 173
Hamilton and, 131
Indian allies and, 124–25
Logstown Treaty and, 58, 59
Pennsylvania and, 56
refusal to translate British and, 173
Treaty of Easton (1758) and, 156
Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768), 189
Washington and, 7, 92, 96–97
Montour, Isabelle (“Madame” Montour), 55
Montreal, 21m, 222, 256
Montreal treaties, 30, 52
Moravians, 263, 267, 273–74, 274–75, 276, 277, 458. See also Gnadenhütten massacre; Zeisberger and other Moravians
Morgan, Daniel, 109, 112, 216, 271, 295, 434
Morgan, George, 263, 265, 268, 269–70, 271, 278, 312, 342
Morgan, Lewis Henry, 489
Morris, Gouverneur, 271
Morris, Robert Hunter, 97, 101, 103, 112–13, 116, 137, 152, 556n60
Mountain Leader. See Piominko (Chickasaw)
Mount Vernon. See also agriculture; tobacco agriculture and, 480, 481
enslaved African Americans and, 289, 410, 482
history/descriptions of, 25, 33, 40, 104, 524n1
Indian land and, 25
Indians and, 3, 9, 377
lease of, 450
map, 21m, 46m, 186m, 296m
offer to lease, 450
Potomac River and, 300, 524n1
Washington and, 161–62, 165, 171, 266, 288, 289
“mourning” wars, 30
mulattoes, 20, 28
Munsees, 250–51
Murray, John. See Dunmore, Earl of
Murray, Patrick, 384
Muscle Shoals, 425, 432
Muse, George, 203
Muskingum River and Valley, 51, 132, 381
Muskogean peoples, 27
Muskogee language, 8
N
Namacolin (Delaware), 54
Nanticokes, 21m, 43, 156–57, 390, 416
Nash, Gary B., 568n2
Nashville conference (1792), 426
national bank, 337
national debt, 293, 327, 336, 385, 394, 446
nationalism, American, 497n13. See also federal authority versus states’ power (national unity)
national unity. See federal authority versus states’ power
nation-building, 7, 12, 13–14. See also federal authority versus states’ power (national unity); westward expansion
nation-to-nation relations, 12
Neah Mico. See Eneah or Neah Mico (Creek)
Neetotehelemy (Netawatwees) (Newcomer) (Delaware), 61, 174
Negushwa. See Egushawa (Ottawa)
Nenatcheehunt (Nenatchehan). See Delaware George (Delaware)
Nenetooyah (Nenetuah). See Bloody Fellow (Cherokee)
Neolin (Delaware), 175
Netawatwees. See Neetotehelemy (Delaware)
Nevins, Allan, 499n45
New Arrow (Seneca), 401
Newcastle. See Kanuksusy (Seneca)
New Castle (Pennsylvania), 51
Newcomer. See Neetotehelemy (Delaware)
New Corn (Potawatomi), 443
New England Indians, 21m, 218, 221–22, 228, 458. See also Abenakis and others
New France, 49–50, 57, 90, 115–16. See also Canada; Menneville, Ange de
New Mexico, 281
New Orleans, 284, 298, 299, 354–55. See also Miró, Estevan; Treaty of San Lorenzo (1795)
Newtown Point meeting (1791), 404, 405
New York. See also Dunmore, Earl of (John Murray) and other New Yorkians; Sullivan, John and his campaign; Treaty of Albany (1701); Treaty of Canandaigua (1794); Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768); Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784) Aupaumut and, 413
federal government versus 301–4, 404, 405, 407, 442
Fort Duquesne and, 85
French and, 116
Iroquois and, 30, 244, 245, 301–4, 404, 407, 413
refugees from, 222
Senecas and, 488
Stockbridges and, 220
Washington and, 85, 246
Washington’s Indian land acquisitions and, 40, 290, 480
New York Indians, 21m, 236, 416, 437, 455. See also Oneidas and others
Niagara, 176, 251, 256
Niagara meeting (1764), 182
Nicholas, George, 324, 387, 393, 394, 412, 440
Nicholson, Joseph, 196
Nimham, Abraham (Stockbridge), 220
&
nbsp; Nimwha (Shawnee), 188
Nipissings, 53, 94
Nontuaka (the Northward) (the North Nation) (Cherokee), 423, 424–25, 429–30
Nootka Sound Crisis, 365, 367
Nopkehe. See Hagler (Catawba)
North Carolina, 85, 108–9, 145, 164, 193, 233, 285, 299–300, 338–39, 348, 425. See also Blount, William; Catawbas; Franklin (state); Transylvania Company; Treaty of Hopewell (1785-86); Treaty of Tellico (1798); Tuscaroras
Northern Neck (Virginia), 25, 34–36, 35m
Northward, the (the North Nation). See Nontuaka (Cherokee)
Northwest Coast Indians, 282
Northwestern Confederacy wars. See also Hamtramck, John Francis; Harmar, Josiah; Philadelphia Indian diplomacy; Scott, Charles; St. Clair, Arthur; Treaty of Greenville (1795); Wayne, Anthony; Wilkinson, James Brant and, 408–9, 410
Cherokees and, 422–23
Cornplanter and, 404
costs of, 446
described, 381–82
Indian resistance and, 378, 379m, 380, 382, 385, 387, 390–91
Philadelphia Indian diplomacy and, 403, 405–6, 407–8, 412–14
Simcoe and, 420–21
southern Indians and, 429, 432–33
war versus negotiation and, 397–98, 404, 416
Washington and, 3, 378, 380, 386–87, 416–17, 433–42
Northwest Ordinance (1785), 309–10
Northwest Ordinance (1787), 314–16
Northwest Territory, 293, 314, 316–17, 327–28, 396, 421. See also Northwestern Confederacy war
Notes on the State of Virginia (Jefferson), 19, 208
Nottaways, 19, 124, 129–30
Nova Scotia Indians and settlers, 102, 180, 182, 201, 221, 227, 228, 230, 231. See also Beauséjour fort
O
Obeal. See Cornplanter (Allegheny Seneca)
Occaneechis, 27
Occom, Samson (Mohegan), 218, 458
Oconees, 373
Oconostota (Overhill Cherokeee), 166, 193, 213, 232–33
Odanak, 222–23, 225–27, 226–27, 514n74
Ogaghsagighte (Jean Baptiste) (Kahnawake Mohawk), 223, 224
Ogh-ne-wi-ge-was. See Farmer’s Brother (Buffalo Creek Seneca)
Ohio, 178, 293, 315. See also Northwest Ordinance (1785) and (1787)
Ohio Company of Associates (New England), 312–13, 314–15, 317, 388, 400
Ohio Company of Virginia Braddock and, 104
Braddock’s road and, 150–51
British and, 47–48, 174
Dinwiddie and, 50, 65, 66
Duke of Cumberland and, 104
forts and, 48, 67, 80
Indian allies and, 108
Indian land and, 47–49, 174
Logstown and, 54
Mercer and, 194
Mississippi Land Company and, 178, 179
Ohio country trade and, 54–55, 57
Ohio Indians and, 160–61
Pennsylvania and, 194
Royal Proclamation of 1763 and, 183, 184–85
Vandalia and, 194
Virginia and, 81, 83, 120
Washington and, 48, 104, 108
Ohio country. See also Anglo-French rivalry; Belt of Wampum (the Belt) (Kaghswaghtaniunt) (Tohashwughtonionty) (White Thunder) (Seneca); Braddock’s defeat and other battles and campaigns; forts; Indian land; Indian mounds; land bounties; Logstown Treaty and other treaties; Northwestern Confederacy war; Ohio Company of Associates; Ohio Company of Virginia; Ohio Indians; Revolutionary War in the West; Royal Proclamation of 1763; Tanaghrisson; Tanaghrisson’s war; Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784); Treaty of Greenville (1795); Treaty of Lancaster (1744); Washington’s Indian land acquisitions; westward expansion Delaware diplomacy and, 155
French and, 45, 48, 49–50, 51–52, 51–53, 53–54, 61, 74
map, 46m
migrations and mixings of peoples and, 51
Peace of Paris (1783) and, 280, 281
Potomac River and, 34, 36
Quebec and, 280
Thomson on, 8
trade and, 49, 61, 160–61
Treaty of Lancaster and, 34, 45–47, 49
Virginians and, 41–44, 49
Washington and, 6, 45, 259, 260, 311–12
Washington’s 1753 trip to, 81, 82m
Washington’s diplomatic expedition to (1753), 6, 66–83, 82m
Washington’s military expedition to (Tanaghrisson’s War) (1754), 6, 81–101
Ohio Indians. See also Indian land; Jay Treaty (1794); Northwestern Confederacy war; Pontiac’s War; Shawnees and other Ohio Indians; Treaty of Easton (1758); Treaties of Fort Harmar (1789); Treaty of Fort McIntosh (1785) Anglo-French rivalry and, 58, 62, 73, 84, 94–95, 107
Braddock and, 108
British sailor’s description of, 105
Cherokees and, 144
Denny and, 153
Forbes’ campaign and, 153, 157
history of, 50–51
informant on Washington/Tanaghrisson ambush, 88
Iroquois and, 51–52, 161
Logstown negotiations and, 58
map, 21m
peace negations (1759 and 1761), 160
Tanaghrisson and, 59
Tanaghrisson’s war and, 93, 94, 96
trade and, 160–61
Virginia and, 49
Washington and, 93, 96–97
westward expansion and, 54
Ohio River. See also Forks of the Ohio as boundary, 194, 263, 264, 311, 381–82, 406, 409, 417
Cherokees and, 130
forts, 61, 67–68
French and, 49
land for militia and, 83
map, 21m
Shawnee raids and, 273
Tanaghrisson and, 63–64
Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768) and, 189
Virginia war with Shawnees and, 210
Washington and, 204
Washington’s Indian land acquisitions and, 178, 449, 450
Ojekheta. See Otsequette (Oneida)
Ojibwas, 21m, 51, 70, 72, 86, 110, 160, 178, 264, 282, 459. See also Northwestern Confederacy war; Pickawillany attack
Okfuskee. See White Lieutenant (Creek)
Old Briton. See Memeskia (Piankashaw)
Old Smoke. See Sayengeraghta (Seneca)
Old Tassel. See Corn Tassel (Cherokee)
Oneidas. See also Battle of Oriskany; Good Peter and other Oneidas; Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) and their confederacy (Five Nations) (Six Nations); Kanaghquaesa (Conoghquieson) (Oneida); Treaty of Canandaigua (1794); Treaty of Fort Schuyler (1788) American Revolution and, 235, 236–37, 239–42, 239–43, 244–45, 258–59, 458
British and, 258
colonials and, 237
corn and, 236–37
Indian clothing and, 216
Iroquois and, 258
map and locations, 21m, 51
Mohawks and, 242–43
Philadelphia diplomacy and, 406
Revolutionary War in the West and, 258–59
Senecas and, 243, 258
smallpox and, 281
Sullivan’s campaign and, 248, 251, 254, 255
treaties and, 303–4
Washington and, 3, 240, 241, 243, 258
O’Neill, Arturo, 348, 353
Onondagas. See also Canasatego and other Onondagas; Iroquois (Haudenosaunee) and their confederacy (Five Nations) (Six Nations); Treaty of Canandaigua (1794) American attacks and, 276
American Revolution and, 240
Anglo-French rivalry and, 63, 72
Braddock and, 113
Canachquasy and, 79–80
Croghan on, 84
Iroquois league and, 51, 52–53, 58, 63, 240
Logstown Treaty and, 58, 59
map, 21m
neutrality and, 72, 80
Ohio Indians and, 58, 93
Philadelphia diplomacy and, 406
Revolutionary War in the West and, 248–49
smallpox and, 281
Sullivan’s campaign and, 248–49
Tanaghrisson and, 57, 59, 6
3–64, 84, 90
Treaty of Lancaster and, 54
Virginia and, 54, 100
Onontio, 57, 89
Opechancanough (Powhatan), 23–24
Opoia Mutaha. See Piominko (Chickasaw)
Oppamylucah, Captain (Delaware), 57
Oquaga (New York), 245
Ore, James, 430
Orme, Robert, 103–4, 109, 110
Orono, Joseph (Penobscot), 231
Osages, 110, 111, 343, 425, 426
Ostenaco (Ustenaka) (Judd’s Friend) (Outacite) (Outacity) (Outassite) (Skiagusta) (Mankiller of Keowee) (Cherokee), 126–27, 128–29, 137, 164, 165, 166, 193, pl 2
Otchikeita. See Otsequette (Oneida)
Otos, 110
Otsequette (Otsiquette, Peter) (Ojekheta) (Otchikeita) (Oneida), 406
Ottawas. See also Egushawa; Northwestern Confederacy war; Pickawillany attack; Pontiac’s War alleged scalping and, 79
Anglo-French rivalry and, 72
Beaujeu and, 110
Fort Pitt meeting and, 262
Fort Recovery and, 437
Iroquois and, 160
map and locations, 21m, 51
Ohio country and, 53
Pickawillany attack by, 61
Post and, 154
Tanaghrisson and, 70
Tanaghrisson’s war and, 86, 94
Washington and, 459
Wyandots and, 56
Otto, Louis Guilllaume, 334, 363–64
Ouconecaw. See Attakullakulla (Cherokee)
Ouiatenon, 387, 388
Outacite (Outacity) (Outassite). See Ostenaco (Cherokee)
Overhill Cherokees, 43, 126, 127, 232. See also Attakullakulla and other Overhill Cherokees
P
Pachgantschihilas. See Buckongahelas (Delaware)
Pacific Northwest, 365
Painted Pole (Red Pole) (Messquakenoe) (Shawnee), 311, 416, 443, 459, 460
Pamunkeys, 19, 25, 28
Panton, Leslie & Company, 364–65, 374–75, 470
Panton, William, 425
Papers of George Washington, 7
Parker, Arthur C. (Seneca), 255, 487
Parker, Ely S. (Seneca), 489–90
Parker, Hugh, 48
Parkinson, Richard, 480–81
Parsons, Samuel, 312–13
Passamaquoddies, 21m, 228, 230, 231, 232
paths, 67
Patton, James, 47, 58, 118
Paxinosa (Bucksinosa) (eastern Shawnee), 144
Peace of Paris (1783), 280, 281, 283, 348, 437
Peale, Charles Willson, 10, pl 1,7,9,10
Pekowi division of Shawnees, 51, 459
Pemberton, Israel, 152
Penn, Thomas, 103
Penn, William, 60
Pennsylvania. See also Anglo-French rivalry; frontier defense and Cherokee alliance; Morris, Robert Hunter and other Pennsylvanians; Sullivan’s campaign; Treaty of Easton (1758); Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1768); Treaty of Fort Stanwix (1784); Treaty of Lancaster (1744); Walking Purchase Braddock and, 103, 104
The Indian World of George Washington Page 88
