Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor
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Arnold’s congratulatory message to, 333–34
arrival back in U.S., 357
B-26 investigated by, 56–57
background of, 38–57
Barr aided by, 461–62
and battle with Nitto Maru No. 23, 176
blind flight mastered by, 52–53
in bombing raid, 194–97, 209
boxing practiced by, 39–41
and California mechanics, 113–14
in charge of Mitchel Field laboratory, 51–53
charisma of, 88
in China, 270–71
departure on raid of, 127–28
desire to lead mission, 97
dive bombing contemplated by, 148–49
education of, 41, 47, 48
executions and, 418
experiments on plane, 47–48
fame of, xiii
in flight to China, 242, 246–47
in flight to Japan, 194
flying learned by, 41–44
on Germany’s World War II preparations, 55–56
Halsey’s meeting with, 115, 158
as hero to raiders, 88
Japanese park in honor of, 477
Japanese propaganda against, 415
and launch of raid, 176, 179, 180
on Leonard’s death, 475
manufacturers thanked by, 372–73
marriage of, 40–41, 42
Marshall’s call to, 127–28
Medal of Honor awarded to, 358–60, 362, 415
Meder memorialized by, 444
and modifications to B-25, 59, 60–62, 92–94, 97, 111–12, 116
in move west, 108, 109, 110, 111–12
placed in charge of raid, 37
plane for raid chosen by, 36
in press, 361
reaction to Pearl Harbor, 56
report by, 371
at Shell, 53, 54–55, 56
stature and appearance of, 38–39, 80, 88
stronger airplane engine favored by, 54–55
in talks with Chinese military, 272, 274–76
Tokyo as target of, 195–97
top priority given to, 58
and training for raid, 85–92, 94
upset with York, 369
as witness at international tribunal, 468–69
and work report incident, 117
Doolittle, Jimmy, Jr., 362
Doolittle, John, 362
Doolittle, Josephine Daniels, 40–41, 42, 48, 127
Doolittle, Rosa, 39, 40
Doolittle raid, 221–33, 368
casualties of, xiv, 197, 201, 202, 207, 220, 231, 307, 309, 311, 351, 411–12, 469
Chiang’s desire for delay of, 169–71
China as landing destination for, xiii, 31, 36, 58, 63–64, 105–6, 108, 115, 129, 146, 150, 166–70, 204, 242, 244, 308
Chinese casualties as result of, 384–90, 476
civilian property destroyed in, xiv, 201–2, 231
and concerns about planes being hit, 148–49
damage from, 197, 201–2, 205, 217, 218–20, 222, 225–26, 227–28, 231, 238–39, 308–9
effect on Japan of, 311–12
effect on U.S. of, 317–19
enemy patrol boats and, 236–37
erroneous Japanese reports on, 306–7
FDR’s reaction to, 318–21
as iconic, xii
Japanese anticipation of, 189–92
Japanese editorials on, 312–14
Japanese fighters against, 201, 203
Japanese government’s reassurances after, 309–11
Japanese leaders’ response to, 375
Japanese report on, 414–15
launch of, 176–85, 192
length of flights for, 93, 177
military targets and, 148, 468–69
radio reports of, 239–40
risk of, xiii, xiv–xv
Roosevelt administration deception about, xiv, 412, 476
secrecy of, 172
targets of, xiii, 144–45, 146–47, 148, 195–97, 468–69
Tokyo bombed in, 196–214, 215–21
see also Hornet
Doolittle raid, plan for, 28, 31–32, 34–37, 38
aircraft carrier in, 65–66
aircrews chosen in, 68–74
cities chosen in, 62
and dumping of fuel tins, 150
launch of B-25s in, 116
liftoff time decided in, 146
night attack envisioned in, 63
number of bombers needed in, 35
oil moved for, 107–8
outline in, 62
planes chosen in, 35–37
practice in, 66–67
report on, 62–63
route in, 130
safety as paramount in, 130–31
Stilwell briefed on, 106–7
takeoff in, 58, 89–90, 132, 163
targets chosen in, 146–47
weather and, 63, 162
wide front in, 146–47
Doolittle raid, raiders of, 479, 480
bombs inscribed by, 165–66
capture of, xiv
Chiang’s lunch invitation to, 331–33
courage of, xiv–xv, 475–76
departure of, 126–29
Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 330–31, 334, 367–69
Eglin field training of, 85–97
execution of, 407–9, 412–13, 416–17, 418, 438, 456, 457, 475
gambling by, 156–57, 163
gear carried by, 149
hair length of, 162
hiding in China by, 292–95
hunt for remains of, 465–67
Imperial Palace as favored target of, 147–48
inoculations of, 95, 150
internment escape planned by, 427–28, 430–37
Japanese trial of, 400–401
meals of, 155–56
missionaries’ aid to, 376–84
mission training for, 70–72, 85, 87–92, 94, 96–97, 108–18, 122, 129
in move to California, 101–2
naval etiquette course of, 95
North Africa reunion of, 474
ordered west, 101, 108–13
parties for, 462, 474–75, 476–77, 478–79
personal preparations for mission, 163–64
pre-raid ceremony of, 165–66
in prison, 438–48, 450, 454–57, 458
recovery of, 463–64
relaxation by, 95–96, 114–15, 156–57, 163
reports on capture of, 409–19
response to executions of, 418–19
in Russian internment, 287–91, 391–407, 420–37, 477
sailing toward Japan by, 153–58, 160–68
sentencing of, 438–39
targeting of residential areas and, 148
torture of, 396–97
waterboarding of, 299, 301–2, 457
whiskey given to, 150
Dorn, Frank “Pinkie,” 103, 329–30
Douglas, William, 416
Duncan, Donald:
Doolittle ordered west by, 101, 108–11
Halsey’s meeting with, 115
Japanese attack plan of, 31–32, 64, 65–66, 67, 68, 318
at practice takeoff, 67, 68
on secret visit to Nimitz, 98–101
Dunker, Steve, 376–78
Dunker, Wendelin, 371, 377–79, 380, 381, 383
Duquette, Omer, death of, 475
Dutch East Indies, 11, 75, 82, 151, 152
Dwyer, Robert, 469
Dykema, Mrs. T. J., 362
Dynan, Joseph, 214
dysentery, 385
Early, Steve, 14–15, 16, 20, 21, 419
Eastern District Army, 310
East Indies, 27
Edgewood Arsenal, 62
Eglin Field, 71–72, 85–97, 110, 113, 129
Egoricheff, Ivan, 141–42
Eierman, Jacob:
in bombing raid, 227, 228–29
final letter of, before raid, 114–15
at launch,
178, 179
Eighty-Ninth Reconnaissance Squadron, 68
Eikichi Maru, 237
Eisenhower, Dwight D., 322
Electric Machinery Works, 231
Eleventh Army, 375
Elizalde, Joaquim, 18
Ellet, 159
Emmens, Bob, 69, 74, 91–92, 122, 129, 164, 355, 356
in bombing raid, 215–16, 217
in flight to Tokyo, 187, 188, 189
in internment escape, 433, 435
at launch, 182
and low gas gauge of, 188, 189
and move to south of Russia, 420, 477
in move west, 109–10
in Russian internment, 287, 289, 290, 392, 393, 394, 420–21, 422, 424–27, 429, 430, 431, 433, 434, 477
Russian landing of, 257–61
training of, 72
Emmens, Justine, 393
Enemy Airmen’s Act, 403, 469, 470
England, Frank, 336–37
Enterprise, 5, 32, 65, 75, 101, 130, 159, 160–61, 162, 164, 172, 173, 183, 184, 234, 235–36, 237, 239, 241
En-Tse Hospital, 285
Epidemic Prevention and Water Supply Unit of the Kwantung Army, 385
Executive Order 9066, 76–77
Fairbanks, Douglas, 49
Faktor, Leland, 271, 326, 333, 363, 364
Fanning, 159
Farrow, Billy, 71, 95–96, 125, 155, 243, 419, 477
and Bat out of Hell damage, 186
in bombing raid, 226, 232–33
burial of, 467
China landing of, 257, 269
execution of, 407–9, 411–12, 438, 457, 464, 465, 475
final letters of, 405–7
at launch, 178, 183, 234
letter from mother of, 366–67
personal testimony of, 410–11, 418
in prison, 350, 399, 400, 405, 410
remains of, 465–66
sentence of, 404
Farrow, Jessie, 411
Fat Man, 449–50
Federal Reserve Building, 28
Fengtai, 454
Fickle Finger of Fate, 96, 223–24
Field, John, 130, 163, 183
Fiji, 136
First Fleet, 190
Fitzgerald, John, Jr., 66, 67
Fitzhugh, Bill, at launch, 181
Fitzmaurice, Donald, 249
death of, 278, 419, 457
grave of, 465
injuries of, 465
Flying Tigers, 102, 328, 344
Ford, John, 159
Fort Worth Star-Telegram, 34
Fourth Cruiser Division, 190
France, 10
Fuchida, Mitsuo, 6, 135, 315, 316
baptism of, 478
and preparations against Doolittle raid, 190
Fujita, Chosei, 407
Fukudome, Shigeru, 137
Furusawa, Yukiteru, 202
Futsin, China, 387
Gardner, Melvin, 94
in bombing raid, 221
death of, 366, 475
fiancée’s inquiry about, 365–66
last letter of, before raid, 115
gasoline, 80
Genda, Minoru, 135
Geneva Convention, 403, 413
Genghis Khan, 83
Germany, 75
countries invaded by, 10, 59
Japanese alliance with, 11, 80
World War II preparations of, 55–56
Gilbert Islands, 134, 135
Ginza, 143, 210
glanders, 385
Glines, Carroll, 479–80
Glynn, Bill, 328
Golden Gate Bridge, 323
Grand Peking Hotel, 456
Gray, Robert, 91
bombing by, 198, 202, 309
death of, 475
inquiries by parents of, 366
at launch, 181
Grayson, 125, 128
Great Britain:
and fall of Singapore, 75
German bombing of, 10
Greater Japan Airlines, 230
Green Hornet, 96, 187, 205–7, 395
crash of, 248–50, 277, 419, 465
Greening, Ross, 71, 86, 94, 244
B-25 modified by, 92–93
in bombing raid, 221–22, 312
in China, 327, 332
Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 367
at Doolittle’s party, 475
at launch, 176, 177–78, 180, 182
made flight commander, 88
relaxation by, 114
suburbs as target of, 146
Grew, Joseph, 211–12
Griffin, Tom, 372
Griffith Stadium, 18–19
Gripsholm, 315
Gross, Sid, 419
Grow, Malcolm, 461–62
Guam, 4, 20, 104, 448
fall of, 25, 27, 153
Guggenheim, Harry, 52
Guillain, Robert, 210–11, 314–15
Gwin, 125, 128
Haguro, 190
Hallmark, Dean, 114, 187, 248–49, 363, 364–65, 470, 471
in bombing raid, 204, 205–7
burial of, 467
dysentery of, 399, 401
execution of, 407–9, 438, 457, 464, 465, 475
final letter from, 405
Hite’s letter to family of, 464
in prison, 300, 302, 304, 399, 400, 404–5
remains of, 465–66
sentence of, 404, 405
Tokyo landing of, 345
torture of, 302
Hallmark, Ollie, 464
Halsey, William, “Bull” Jr., 100, 101–2, 130, 164–65, 172–74, 318
departure on raid of, 115
Doolittle admired by, 362
Doolittle’s meeting with, 115, 158
Hornet’s merging with task force of, 160–61
at launch, 179
Marcus Island attacked by, 135
Nimitz’s meeting with, 159
in return to Pearl Harbor, 158–59
secrecy of, 159–60
Hamada, Dick, 451, 452
Hannibal, 82–83
Hanson, James, 50
Hari Kari-er, 96, 221–22
Harmon, Millard, Jr., 97, 371
Harp, Edward, Jr., 157–58, 163, 240
Wall’s injury and, 235
Harper’s Magazine, 104
Harriman, Averell, 17
Harsch, Joseph, 417
Hassett, Bill, 319
Hastings, Everett, 373–74
Hata, Itsuro, 400, 401, 407
death of, 467
Hata, Shunroku, 402–3, 404
arrest of, 467
Hattori, Takushiro, 211
Hawaii, 101, 133
Japanese invasion planned for, 134, 136
martial law in, 17
Hayes, Rutherford, 9
Henderson, George, 121
Hendren, John, Jr., 468, 472
Heng-yang, China, 169, 328, 344
Henry Snyder High School, 411
Herndon, Nolan, 257, 356, 430, 479
in bombing raid, 216–17
in flight to Tokyo, 188
Hibiya Public Hall, 191
Hilary P. Jones, 66
Hilger, Jack, 94–95, 149, 271–72, 364
in bombing raid, 226–28, 229
in China, 325, 328, 333, 335
Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 367
industrial cities as target of, 146
at launch, 178
and list of crew in order of expertise, 116–17
made flight commander, 88
in move west, 111
target selection by, 146–47
training of, 71, 72, 73, 86, 88
Hill, Joseph, 318
Hilton, James, 319
Hindrava, Alexander, 401
Hinner, Ralph, 473
Hirohito, Emperor, xiv, 143, 311, 316, 402, 403
birthday celebration of, 193
FDR’s message to, 12, 15
public appearance of, 82
surrender of, 451
Hiroshima, Japan, 140
nuclear bombing of, 449
Hiryu, 190
Hite, Bobby, 155, 243, 479
and Bat out of Hell damage, 186
in bombing raid, 233
China landing of, 264, 266–67
daily struggles of, 478
illness of, 447, 450, 457
interrogation of, 307
at launch, 182
letters to families of raiders from, 463–65
in prison, 347, 350, 398–99, 400, 401, 410, 438–39, 440–43, 444, 445, 446–47, 448, 450, 455, 456, 460
recovery of, 463
report on imprisonment by, 457
in return to U.S., 458–59
sentence of, 404
as witness at international tribunal, 469
Hitler, Adolf, 10, 55
speech style of, 19
on Time, 104
Hiyo, 231
Hokkaido, Japan, 307, 308
Holcomb, Leslie, 367–68
Holstrom, Everett “Brick,” 85, 114, 129, 185
in battle with Nitto Maru No. 23, 175
in China, 333
at launch, 178
in move west, 108
in raid, 198, 202–4
Hong Kong, 11, 20, 191
Hoover, Herbert, 13
Hoover, Travis, 96, 124
bombing by, 198, 199, 309
in landing after raid, 270
at launch, 181, 184
made flight commander, 88
northern Tokyo as target of, 146
supplies overseen by, 88
Hopkins, Barbara Duncan, 31
Hopkins, Harry, 10, 16, 26
and FDR’s congressional message on Pearl Harbor, 20
illnesses of, 74
Hori, Tomokazu, 312
Hornet, 30, 32, 36–37, 60, 64, 90, 101, 116, 129, 239, 360
and battle with Nitto Maru No. 23, 173–76, 234
capacity of, 65–66
departure of, 115, 136
design of, 119–21
Doolittle’s quarters on, 121
loading of, 108
merged with Halsey’s task force, 160–61
Mitscher put in charge of, 65
in move west, 119–21
in raid practice, 66–67
sailing toward Japan by, 153–58, 160–68, 172–89
House of Representatives, Japanese, 82
Houston, 139
Howze, Harry, 63
Ho Yang Ling, 275
Ho Ying-chin, 330
Hull, Cordell, 13, 16, 21, 74, 353, 393
and execution of raiders, 413
FDR’s Pearl Harbor speech and, 19
Hypothe Bank of Japan, 313
Idaho, 125
Ihrig, Russell, 119, 131
battle instructions of, 162
Ihwang, China, 376, 381
Imperial Diet, 143, 147, 218
Imperial General Headquarters, 375
Imperial Hotel, 144
Imperial Palace, 143, 209, 305, 360
as raiders’ favored target, 147–48
Imperial Theater, 311
Independent Tribune, 417
India, 75, 133
Indonesia, U.S. search for prisoners of war in, 451–52
Industrial Bank of Japan, 313
International Military Tribunal of the Far East, 467–73