Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor
Page 81
International News Service, 14–15, 478
International Red Cross, 410
Inubo Saki, 185, 194, 198, 204
iron, 80
iron ore, 11
Ishide, Minosuke, 202
Ishii, Shiro, 385–87
isolationists, 74–75, 80
Italy, Japanese alliance with, 11, 80
Ito, Akinobu, 407
Jacot, Nestor, 451
Jai Foo Chang (Charlie), 255, 292–93, 371
Japan:
aircraft industry in, 62–63
alliance of Germany and Italy with, 11, 80
atomic bombing of, 449–50
B-29 bombings of, 448–49
bacteriological warfare by, 386–89
Bataan overrun by, 152–53, 192
British declaration of war against, 17
Chinese war crimes of, xiv, 105–6
effect of Doolittle raid on, xiii–xiv
King’s desire for offensive against, 29, 30–32
Manchuria invaded by, 11
material bankruptcy of, 11, 27, 83
naval call signals changed by, 5
Pearl Harbor euphoria in, 79, 81–82
rationing in, 82
Soviet intelligence on, 141–42
supplies of, 11–12
surrender of, 451–52
U.S. break with, 4, 11
U.S. invasion contemplated in, 83
U.S. spying on, 139–40
Japan Diesel Manufacturing Corporation, 201, 309
Japanese Americans, in internment camps, 76–77
Japanese embassy, 16
Japanese Special Steel Company, 218
Japan Oil, 224
Japan Steel Fuji Steelworks, 206–7
Japan Steel Piping factories, 209, 224
Japan Times & Advertiser, 82–83, 138, 192, 211, 311, 313
Jarman, Fontaine, Jr., 451, 452
JOAK, 187, 218, 229, 238
Johnson, Allan, 58
Johnson, Harry, 149
Jones, Aden, 110, 201
Jones, Davy, 73, 91, 156, 242, 344
in bombing raid, 202, 204–5, 309
in China, 325, 326, 327, 333, 340
China landing of, 271
Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 367
at Doolittle’s party, 475
in flight to Tokyo, 185, 188
made flight commander, 88
parade in honor of, 385
relaxation by, 114
Tokyo city center as target of, 146
training of, 8, 86–87, 88, 89–90
Jordan, Bert, 185
training of, 72–73
Jordan, James, 362
Joyce, Richard, 186
in bombing raid, 219–21, 309
hit by antiaircraft fire, 242
inquiries by father of, 366
Judd, Walter, 415
Jurika, Stephen, Jr., 124–25, 145, 149, 165, 187, 238, 263, 269
background of, 138–39
and flight plan of raid, 147
intelligence work of, 139, 140–42, 415
Justice Department, U.S., 16, 20
Kabukiza, 311
Kaga, 6, 190
Kagoshima, Japan, 306
Kaijin Maru, 237
Kamimura, Vice Admiral, 84
Kanagawa, Japan, 146, 221–22
Kappeler, Frank, 94
at launch, 177
Kasumigaura Lake, 221
Katori naval air station, 222
Kawai, Chiyoko, 306
Kawai, Kazuo, 211
Kawasaki, Japan, 62, 63, 140
Kawasaki Dockyard Company, 231
Kawasaki Truck and Tank plant, 218
Kearsarge, 165
Kelley, Ed, 15
Kelsey, Ben, 52
Ken-kwo-gee, China, 379
Kent, Fred, 152
Kernan, Alvin, at launch, 179, 183
KGMB, 6
Khabarovsk, Russia, 288–89, 352, 354–55
Kian, China, 107, 167, 169
Kiangsi Province, China, 276, 375, 389
Kiangwan Military Prison, 400–407, 438, 440, 446
Kido, Koichi, 403–4
Kimmel, Husband:
on night before Pearl Harbor, 4
warned about possible Japanese attack, 4
worried about Japanese carriers, 5–6
Kimura, Heitaro, 402
King, Ernest, 28–32, 68, 105, 127
aircraft raids urged by, 100–101
FDR informed about Pearl Harbor by, 26
offensive against Japan favored by, 29, 30–32
secrecy order of, 66
King Kong (film), 335
Kinhwa, China, 387
Kinney, Herbert, 145
Kisarazu Air Base, 190
Knobloch, Richard, 150, 376
in bombing raid, 225
at launch, 180
on secrecy of training, 96
volunteering for raid by, 74
Knox, Frank, 12–13, 16, 21, 22, 165, 318
at meeting on U.S. entry into World War II, 26
Pearl Harbor surveyed by, 23–24
Kobayashi, Asasaburo, 312
Kobe, Japan, 62, 63, 83, 306
air raid drills in, 191
bombing raid in, 226, 230–31, 310
Koiwa, Kazuei, 226
Kojima, Shigeru, 197
Kollsman, Paul, 52
Kolya, 429, 430–32
Kondo, Nobutake, 190
Konoye, Fumimaro, 80–81
Korea, 189, 257
U.S. search for prisoners of war in, 451–52
Koshien stadium, 230
Kowa Maru, 237
Kuhn, Irene, 466, 467
Ku Klux Klan, 25
Kumano, Tatsuo, 269
Kumashiro, Moritada, 470
Kunming, China, 459
Kuroshima, Kameto, 136, 316
Kusaka, Ryunosuke, 3
Kusama, Kazuko, 191
Kwei, Joseph, 377
Kweilin, China, 107, 108, 167, 168
Kweiyee, China, 383–84
Kyoto, Japan, air raid drills in, 191
Laban, Theodore, 189, 215
in internment, 420, 430, 431
Lae, 135
Landon, Alf, 24
Lang, Frederick, 424–25
Langley Field, 69
Larkin, George, 128, 330
in bombing raid, 220–21
death of, 475
Laurey, John, 165
Lawrence, David, 410–11, 418
Lawson, Ellen, 251, 369–70
Lawson, Ted, 60, 70, 123, 125, 129, 154–55, 166, 188, 244, 295, 344
arrival in U.S., 369–70
on B-25 mechanics, 113
in battle with Japanese vessel, 187
in bombing raid, 204, 207–10
injury of, 251–52, 253–54, 255, 285–86, 296–97, 336–40, 341–42, 343, 369–71
in landing after raid, 250–56, 270, 281–82, 283–84, 291–92
landing in U.S., 369
in launch, 177, 181–82, 185
on modifications of B-25, 93
in move west, 110
raiders’ search for, 295–96
on size of B-25, 69
Thatcher’s saving of, 479
Layton, Edwin, worried about Japanese attack, 5–6
Leahy, William, 322
Leonard, Paul:
Birch’s meeting with, 277
bombing by, 197
brought to Chinese military, 274
death of, 475
in flight to Tokyo, 195
landing in China by, 247–48
at launch, 179, 180
Lexington, 4–5, 29, 32, 75, 132
Life, 103, 130, 163, 183, 329
light metals, 80
Linchwan, China, 376, 377, 383, 384
Lincoln, Abraham, 21, 80
Lindbergh, Charles, 51–52
Lindley, Ernest, 438
Lindsey, Robin, 162, 237
> Lishui, China, 107, 167, 169, 376, 389
Little Boy, 449
Long, Breckinridge, 26, 151, 412–13
Long Island, 31
Los Angeles Times, 26, 44, 76, 324, 390
Lost Horizon (Hilton), 319
Louisville, 139
Low, Francis, 29–30, 31, 101, 318
Luangshuan, China, 388
Luce, Henry, 103–4, 329
Ludlow, 66, 68
Luxembourg, 10
Lynch, John, 129–30
Maas, Grace, 461
MacArthur, Douglas:
in escape from Philippines, 152
General Shimomura protected by, xiv, 472–73
in retreat to Bataan, 76, 129
Wako’s sentence commuted by, 471
Macia, Herb, 126
in bombing raid, 226–28
Doolittle as hero of, 88
at launch, 178
letter to Hallmark’s mother from, 467
training of, 73
Ma Eng-lin, 384
Magpie, 451–52, 455–57
Magruder, John, 330
Majestic Theater, 19
malaria, 152
Malaysia, 4
Manch, Shorty, 163, 271
in bombing raid, 201
and Doolittle’s party, 475
in launch, 177
Manchuria, 385
Japanese invasion of, 11
U.S. search for prisoners of war in, 451–52
Manila, 25
Manske, Joseph, 70, 150, 158, 162, 185, 327, 333, 419
Mao Zedong, 103
Marcus Island, 135, 161, 189, 306
Marianas, 448
Marine Corps, blacks not admitted to, 77
Marshall, George, 16, 152, 165, 323, 330, 334, 353
Chinese government not trusted by, 105
Doolittle and Arnold’s meeting with, 357–59
Doolittle called by, 127–28
farewell note to Doolittle from, 127
at meeting on U.S. entry into World War II, 26, 27
worried about delay of raid, 169–71
on York’s crew in Russia, 322
Marshall Islands, 134, 135, 189
Martin B-26, 32
Doolittle’s examination of, 56–57
Maryland, 24, 125
Masutani, Maruo, 407
Matsuhigecho oil storage, 227
Maya, 190
McCabe, Robert, 424, 425
McCarthy, James, 67
McClellan Field, 108, 111, 112, 121
McClure, Charles, 122–23, 126, 147, 194, 244, 337, 340–41, 369
in battle with Japanese vessel, 187
in bombing raid, 208–9
Doolittle as hero of, 88
injury of, 25, 281, 283, 284–85, 371
in landing after raid, 250–56, 281, 282, 283, 284–85, 286
at launch, 180
in move west, 110
onboard gambling and, 156, 157
McCool, Harry, 70, 204
Doolittle as hero of, 88
McElroy, Edgar, 69, 150, 244, 328, 344
in bombing raid, 221, 224–26
and launch of planes, 176
training of, 72
McGuire, Frederick, 382
McGurl, Eugene:
in China, 326, 331
death of, 475
McIntyre, Marvin, 16, 318
McKenzie, Marjorie, 77
McKissick, J. Rion, 411
McMahon, W. A., 417
McQuay Company, 61
Meder, Bob, 206, 249
burial of, 467
captured in China, 279
farewell letter of, 443–44
illness and death of, 442–44, 446, 457, 464, 468, 475
morse code developed by, 442
mother notified of death of, 419
in prison, 300, 302, 304, 400, 438, 442–43
remains of, 466–67
sentence of, 404
Tokyo landing of, 345
Meeus, Charles, 384–85
Mehle, Roger, in battle with Nitto Maru No. 23, 175
Mele, Tony, 373
Meredith, 128, 162
Mexico, 80
Michela, Joseph, 392, 421–23
Mid-Continent Airlines, 60
Middle East, 75
Midway, Battle of, xiv, 415, 476
Midway Island, 20, 101, 136–37, 211, 316
Mike (interpreter), 355, 426, 427
Miles, John, 24
Military Law Concerning the Punishment of Enemy Airmen, 403, 469, 470
Miller, Edmund, 357
Miller, Henry, 85, 96, 124–25, 131–32
crew listed in order of expertise by, 116–17
at launch, 177, 178, 179, 181, 184
and loss of B-25, 91
in move west, 109
takeoff procedure formulated by, 89–90
training of, 86–87, 89–90
Miller, Richard:
bombing by, 198–99
death of, 475
Mills, William, 74, 91–92, 109
training of, 71, 72
Milwaukee Sentinel, 60
Mindanao, 138
Ministry of Railways Supply Bureau, 220
Minneapolis, Minn., 60
Misake (guard), 445
missionaries, 376–84
Mississippi, 125
Missouri, 452
Mitchel Field, 48, 51–53
Mitchell, William “Billy,” 58
Mitscher, Marc, 64, 121, 129, 159, 238
background of, 64–65
and departure of raiders, 127
drills run by, 162
escorts of, 130
formation of bombers ordered by, 66
Hornet commanded by, 115
and launch of raid, 176, 183–84
and onboard gambling, 157
at practice takeoff, 67, 68
at pre-raid ceremony, 165
Mitsubishi, 62, 63, 227
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, 233, 309
Miura, Yasutoshio, 407
Miwa, Yoshitake, 133, 134, 135, 215, 305, 307, 310, 317
on Japanese propaganda, 310
Miyako, 312
Miyano, Masatoshi, 403
Miyo, Tatsukichi, 136–37
Mizumoto Primary School, 202
Mochi, 312
Mongolia, 77
Monssen, 125, 128
Morgenthau, Henry, Jr., 26, 318, 371
financial market worries of, 12
White House ordered protected by, 15
Morris, John, 210
Moysey, Frank, 213, 314
Mukden, 458
Mulder, Karel, 457–58
Muñiz Lavalle, Ramón, 213, 314
Murphy, Clarence, 376–77, 380
Murray, George, 65
Myoko, 190
Nagano, Osami, 316, 401–2, 448
Nagasaki, Japan, nuclear bombing of, 449–50
Nagato Maru, 237, 307
Nagoya, Japan, 62, 63, 306, 309, 350, 354, 395, 458, 478
air raid drills in, 191
bombing raid in, 226–29, 232, 309
leveling of, 449
Nagoya castle, 227
Nagumo, Chuichi, 4, 6, 7, 130, 133–34, 136, 190
Pearl Harbor worries of, 1–3
Nakajima, 62
Nakajima Type 97, 83
Nakajo, Toyoma, 400
death of, 467
Nakamura, Yoshiro, 207
Nanchang, China, 265, 266, 269, 276, 376
Nancheng, China, 343, 382–83, 384
Nanking, China, xiv, 106, 376, 381, 387, 453, 520n
Nashville, 125, 128, 160, 164, 236–37
in battle with Nitto Maru No. 23, 173–76, 237
National Hemp Dressing Corporation, 309
National People’s Party, 103
Navy, Imperial:
planes of, 12
strength of, 2, 12
U.S. intelligence on, 139, 141
war games of,
81
Navy, U.S.:
Bureau of Aeronautics, 86
FDR’s worries about weakness of, 25
Pacific drive of, xiv
worried about Japanese attack, 4
Navy General Staff, 189
Netherlands, 10
New Caledonia, 136
New Guinea, 135
New Mexico, 125
News, 415
News Digest, 240
New York Daily News, 74–75
New York Herald Journal, 419
New York Herald Tribune, 24
New York Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra, 19
New York Times, 11, 38, 53, 59, 75, 143–44, 153, 164, 214, 243, 323–24, 390, 414, 458, 459
Nichi Nichi, 218, 234, 312
Nichols, Ray, 451, 452, 453–54
Nielsen, Chase, 147, 149, 248–50, 419
in bombing raid, 206
captured by Chinese, 277–80
and Doolittle’s party, 475
in evacuation to China, 457
on grave-finding mission, 465
injury of, 395
JOAK listened to by, 187
and launch of planes, 177
letter to Dieter’s mother from, 465
letter to FDR from mother of, 366
outraged at tribunal verdict, 471
in prison, 300–304, 345–49, 398, 438, 441, 444, 447, 455–56, 460
recovery of, 463
report on imprisonment by, 457
in return to U.S., 458–59
sentence of, 404
Tokyo landing of, 345
torture of, 300–304
as witness at international tribunal, 468
Niigata Prefecture, 306
Nimitz, Chester, 101–2, 135, 318
background of, 99–100
Halsey ordered to meet Doolittle by, 115
Halsey’s meeting with, 159
ordered to conduct Pacific raids, 100–101
Ninety-Fifth Squadron, 68
Nippon Machine Works, 209
Nishi Nasuno train station, 217
Nisshin, 80
Nitto Maru No. 23, 173–76, 189, 198, 234, 237, 242, 307
No. 1 Iwate Maru, 237
No. 2 Asami Maru, 237
No. 3 Chinyo Maru, 237
No. 26 Nanshin Maru, 237
Noone, Robert, 166
at launch, 183
Norden, Carl, 95
Norden bombsights, 95, 112, 347–48
Norfolk Naval Air Station, 66
Norfolk Naval Operating Base, 64
North Africa, 35
North American Aviation Company, 58–59, 314, 372–73, 417
North Hampton, 159, 160, 164, 172
Northwestern National Life Insurance Company, 411
Norway, 10
Oahu, 4, 6, 135
O’Brien, Pat, 18
Office of Strategic Services, 98, 214, 315, 451
Ohara, 345–46
oil, 11, 80, 133, 151, 167
U.S. exports to Japan shut off, 11
Okada, Ryuhei, 400
arrest of, 468
Sawada’s desire for release of, 471
trial of, 466, 470
Okazaki Hospital, 196
Oklahoma, 18, 24, 99
Ollivier, Ivor, 25
Omi, Heijiro, 306
Operation Plan No. 20–42, 159
Operations Office, 88
Opper, Frederick, 398