Target Tokyo: Jimmy Doolittle and the Raid That Avenged Pearl Harbor
Page 82
Osaka, Japan, 62, 83, 307, 354
air raid drills in, 191
bombing raid in, 226, 230, 232
leveling of, 449
Osaka Mainichi, 82, 451, 486
Osborne, Edgar, at launch, 180
O’Shea, John, 378, 381
Osterloh, Edwin, 235
Ozuk, Charles, Jr., 70, 271, 364
in bombing raid, 201, 202
injuries of, 327
training of, 72
Pacific Fleet, 100
Pacific Fleet, flattops of, 32, 35, 36, 60, 101, 124
Japan’s underestimated number of, 189
as Yamamoto’s target, 101, 135–36
Pacific Fleet, redeployed to Hawaii, 11
Page, Edward, Jr., in Russian internment, 392–93
Palm Beach Post, 24
paratyphoid, 387
Parker, James, 164
Patrick, Mason, 47, 49, 50
Pattison, Alfred, 395
Patton, George, 13
Pearl Harbor, Japanese attack on, xiii, 1–7, 70, 153, 189, 324, 330
blame for, 22, 26
casualties from, 14, 17, 18
damage from, 14, 23–24, 34, 99, 101, 206–7
Doolittle’s response to, 56–57
FDR informed about, 12–14, 16–17, 18
FDR’s cabinet meeting on, 21–22
FDR’s congressional speech on, 19–20, 23
FDR’s statement on, 14–15
fear after, 25, 34
Knox’s survey of damage from, 23–24
night before, 4–5
preparations for, 2–3, 133
risk of, 1–2
U.S. announcement of, 9
U.S. public opinion on, 18–19, 24–25
U.S. ships tied up at, 22
Yamamoto as architect of, 79, 81, 82, 84, 137
Pennsylvania, 4, 24, 125
Perkins, Frances, 21–22
Perkins, Mahlon, 451, 453
Philadelphia Daily News, 470
Philadelphia Inquirer, 24, 420
Philippines, 4, 20, 152
Japanese attack on, 25, 27, 76, 104, 129, 412
Pillsbury, 226
Pingfan, China, 385
Pittsburgh Courier, 77
Pittsburgh Press, 305, 323
plague, xiv, 385, 386, 387, 388
Pohl, David:
in bombing raid, 216, 217
in internment, 420, 430
low gas gauge of, 188
Poindexter, John, 17
Poizat, Michael, 384
Poland, German invasion of, 10, 59
Polish-Soviet War, 335
Popular Mechanics, 42
Portal, Charles, 34, 35
Potter, Hank, 126, 155, 245, 246, 362
brought to Chinese military, 273–74
in flight to Japan, 194, 195
at launch, 178, 179
Pound, Bill:
in bombing raid, 223–24
at launch, 182
Powell, John, 397
Poyang, China, 376
Poyang, Lake, 276
Pravda, 394
Preston, 125
Prince of Wales, 25
Pringle, Henry, 397
prisoners of war, search for, 451–57
Public Cemetery no. 1, 407
Pulitzer race, 48
Pyle, Howard, 474
Quigley, Daniel, 165
Quinn, Charles, 379, 381–82
Rabaul, 135
Radio Tokyo, 164, 409
Radney, Douglas, 200, 366, 479
Rangoon, 151
Rape of Nancheng, 382–83, 384
Rape of Nanking, xiv, 106, 376, 381, 520n
Rayburn, Sam, 22, 416
Reddy, Ken, 94, 95, 128, 155, 166, 173, 244, 287, 372
in bombing raid, 221, 222
in China, 327, 328–29, 330, 331, 332
on church service, 158
death of, 475
injury of, 333
money lent by, 163–64
in move west, 109
relaxation by, 114
Reilly, Mike, 15
Remedios, Caesar Luis Dos, 401, 404, 407, 409, 466
Repulse, 25
rice, 11
Richter, Melvin, 451
Riefkohl, Frederick, 184
Ring, Stanhope, 240–41
Roberts, John, in battle with Nitto Maru No. 23, 175
Roosevelt, Eleanor, 10, 14, 25, 26
column of, 78, 318
revenge against Japanese Americans disapproved by, 77
Roosevelt, Franklin D.:
Arnold’s dispute with, 33
“arsenal of democracy” speech of, 10–11
bombing of Japan desired by, 28, 32, 77
at cabinet meeting on Pearl Harbor, 21–22
Churchill’s call to, 17–18
congressional message on Pearl Harbor from, 19–20, 23
Doolittle given Medal of Honor by, 359
effect of war news on, 74, 150–51
executions kept secret by, 412, 413–14, 416
on fall of Wake Island, 75
on hopes to avert war, 12
and Japanese aggression in China, 11
Japanese assets frozen by, 11
Latin American trip of, 139
at meeting on U.S. entry into World War II, 23, 26–28, 34
message to Hirohito, 12, 15
naval weakness as troubling to, 25
Nielsen’s mother’s letter to, 366
Pearl Harbor information given to, 12–14, 16–17, 18
Pearl Harbor statement of, 14–15
Philippines worries of, 76
reaction to raid, 318–21
on secrecy of Doolittle raid, 172
stamp collection of, 10
study of, 9–10
on Time, 104
U.S. public opinion buoyed by, 27, 78
war production and, 82
worries for safety of, 25–26
Roosevelt, James, 12, 16
Roosevelt, Theodore, 10
Roosevelt administration:
bond offering by, 12
Doolittle raid deceptions of, xiv, 412, 476
Rosenman, Sam, 318, 319
Rotary Club of St. Louis, 373
Rowe, James, Jr., 76
rubber, 11
rubber tank, 61
Ruptured Duck, 96, 122–23, 162, 177, 181–82, 208, 209–10, 244, 250–56, 280, 286, 291–92, 296, 371, 479
Russia, 35, 75, 188–89, 352–56
landing of raiders in, 257–61, 271, 322, 369
raiders interned in, 287–91, 391–407, 420–37, 477
Russo-Japanese War, 80, 84, 305
Rutherford, Al, 71
Ryuho, 225
Sabine, 159, 160
Sagami Bay, 203
St. John, Robert, 416
St. Louis, 125
Saipan, 448
Sakai, Saburo, 315–16
Sakasegawa, Minami, 231
Salamaua, 135
Salt Lake City, 159, 160, 161, 164, 172, 173, 181, 239
Samoa, 136
San Diego Consistory of the Ancient and Accepted Scottish Rite of Freemasonry, 373
San Francisco Chronicle, 24, 153
Sanrakuso apartment building, 202
Saratoga, 5, 31, 32, 75, 85, 132, 139
Sasebo navy arsenal, 226
Sato, Naotake, 353–54
Saturday Evening Post, 65
Sawada, Shigeru, 402, 466, 471, 472
arrest of, 467
trial of, 466, 470
Sawara, Japan, 306
Saylor, Edward, 153–54, 244, 337, 479
in bombing raid, 230, 231, 232
China landing of, 261
hiding in China by, 294
Japanese vessel spotted by, 186
Schmaring, Mihaiel Constantinovich, 290–91
Schneider, Jacques, 49
Schneider Cup race, 48–49
Scott, Eldred, 186, 244, 271
in bombing raid, 218, 219
Searles, Wilson, 14
Secret Service, 15
Sessler, Howard, 229, 231, 337, 418
China landing of, 262
Seventeenth Bombardment Group, 68, 69–70
Shanghai, China, 63
fall of, 106
Shanghai Military Police, 407
Shanghai Telephone Company, 397
Shell Petroleum Corporation, 53, 54–55, 56
Sheridan, Martin, 449
Sherman, Boyd, 50
Sherwood, Robert, 10, 19
Shiga, Fumiko, 6
Shiga, Yoshio, 6
Shigemitsu, Mamoru, 312
Shimada, Maszumi, 466
Shimomura, Sadamu, investigation of, 472–73
Short, Walter:
on night before Pearl Harbor, 4, 5
warned of possible Japanese attack, 4
Showa Electric factory, 224
Sims, Jack, 69, 244–45
in bombing raid, 227
and launch of planes, 176
sailing toward Japan by, 153
Singapore, 11, 75, 78, 152, 192
Sisters of Charity, 379–80
Smith, 125
Smith, Donald, 337
in bombing raid, 226, 229–32
in Chinese hut, 291
Chinese landing of, 261–62, 270
death of, 475
Japanese vessel spotted by, 186, 187
training of, 90
Smith, Merriman, 20
Smith, Mrs., 338, 341–42
Smith, Vincent, 380, 381, 384
Smith-Hutton, Henri, 139–40, 212
Snyder, John, 318
Solomon Islands, 415
Somiya, Shinji, 469
Soryu, 190
Soviet-Japanese Neutrality Pact, 27
Soviet Union, 133, 141, 477
Japanese intelligence of, 141–42
Spaatz, Carl, 62
Spatz, Harold:
China landing of, 265–69
execution of, 407–9, 438, 457, 464–65, 475
final letter from, 405
Hite’s letter to family of, 464–65
interrogation of, 307
in Japanese captivity, 351
in prison, 400, 405
remains of, 465–66
sentence of, 404
Special Aviation Project No. 1, 167
Special Service Section, 395
Sperry, Elmer, 52
Spurrier, Lieutenant, 168
Stalin, Joseph, 322, 352
raiders’ letter to, 426, 427
and U.S. use of Vladivostok, 27–28
Standard Oil of Calcutta, 107
Standley, Joseph, 421
Standley, William, 322, 351–53, 393
Stark, Harold:
FDR informed about Pearl Harbor by, 13–14, 16–17
and FDR’s safety, 25
Japanese attack expected by, 4
at meeting on U.S. entry into World War II, 26
and planning of Japanese bombing, 35
State Department, U.S., 105–6, 412, 414
Stein, Bill, 380
Stephens, Robert, 204
Stern, General, 288–89
Stewart, Tom, 416
Stilwell, Joseph, 75, 102, 169–71, 452
acerbic personality of, 102–3
briefed on raid, 106–7, 167
Chiang as viewed by, 103, 105, 389
on Madame Chiang, 331
and raid planning, 106–7, 184
Stimson, Henry, 13, 16, 21, 322–23, 410
at meeting on U.S. entry into World War II, 26
Stintzi, Vernon, ulcer developed by, 109
Strategic Bombing Service, U.S., 476
Suckley, Daisy, 318, 319
Sugamo Prison, 471, 472
Sugiyama, Hajime, 349, 402–3, 404
Sui-ning, China, 168
Sumatra, 191–92
Sumida River, 195, 199
Sutherland, John, 130
in battle with Nitto Maru No. 23, 174
Suzuki, 397
Suzuki, Teiichi, 82
Tachikawa railroad, 195
Tactical Method No. 3, 308
Taft, William Howard, 13
Taigei, 225, 306
Takahashi, Lieutenant General, 453
Takao, 190
Takasu, Shiro, 190
Takung Pao, 383, 388
Tama River, 147
Tanabe, Moritake, 402
Tanaka, Ryukichi, 402, 403
Tanaka, Shinichi, 316
Tan Do San, 264
Tashima, Goyo, 408–9
Task Force 16, 115–16
Tatsuta, Sotojiro, 472
arrest of, 468
as executioner, 404
at executions, 407–9
and remains of raiders, 465
Sawada’s desire for release of, 471
trial of, 466, 470
Tega Numa, 195
Tennessee, 18, 24, 125
Texas, 80
Texas, 30, 85
Thailand, 4
Thatcher, Dave, 154–55, 244, 337, 371
in bombing raid, 208
Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 365, 369
Japanese vessel fired on by, 186
in landing after raid, 280, 284, 286
Lawson saved by, 479
Third Division Military Headquarters, 227
Thirteenth Army, 375, 404, 472
Thirty-Fourth Squadron, 68
Thirty-Seventh Squadron, 68
Thresher, 115
Tibbets, Paul, Jr., 449
Tillitse, Lars, 213
Time, 99, 104, 329
Times Square, 19
Tinian, 448, 449
TNT, 96, 229–32, 261–64, 291
Todd, Charles, 42
Togane, Japan, 306
Togo, Shigenori, 311
Toho Gas Company, 233, 309
Tojo, Hideki:
arrest of, 467
ouster of, 448
raiders’ fate decided by, 401–4
sailor’s mock letter to, 241
threat to Japan dismissed by, 83–84, 243
Tokkaido line, 140
Tokyo, 458
air raid drills in, 191, 192–93, 305, 315
air-raid sirens in, 200–201
bombing of, 196–214, 215–21
design of, 142–43
earthquake in, 144–45, 239
as inviting target, xiii, 144–45
leveling of, 449
plan for attack against, see Doolittle raid, plan for
population of, 142
Tokyo Gas, 62
Tokyo university, 191
Toles, Rollie, 417
Tolischus, Otto, 143–44, 214
Tomioka, Sadatoshi, 136, 211, 316
Towns, Eleanor, 461, 478
Trans-Pacific, 145
Treasury Department, U.S., 25
Trout, 115
Truelove, Denver:
in bombing raid, 204–5
death of, 475
Truman, Harry S., 471
Tsurumaki national school, 196
Tsurumi, Japan, 63
Tsushima Strait, Battle of, 80
Tsuzuki, Ishichi, 226
Tully, Grace, 15–17, 19, 318
Twenty-Sixth Air Flotilla, 190
typhoid, xiv, 385, 387
Udet, Ernst, 55
Ugaki, Matome, 309
on casualties from raid, 307
and fallout of raid, 306, 308
on future attacks by Japan, 133
ordered to invade Hawaii, 134
on Pearl Harbor attack, 1, 7
U.S. attack as viewed by, 135
Umekawa, Ryosaburi, 312
Unit 731, 385–89
United Church of Canada, 385
United Press, 14, 317, 458
United States:
isolationism in, 74–75, 80
Japanese break with, 4, 11
pos
t-Pearl Harbor racism in, 76–77
spying on Japan by, 139–40
war production of, 79, 82
United States Rubber Company, 61
Universal Pictures, 373
Utah, 99
Valentine, Lewis, 323
Van Buren, Martin, 13
Vandenberg, Arthur, on Pearl Harbor, 23
Vandenberg, Herbert, 376–78
Van Norman, Jack, 458
Verdini, Humbert, 379, 382
Veterans Administration, 478
Victoria, Queen of England, 9
Vincennes, 125, 128, 160, 162, 164, 184
Vixen, 28–32
Vladivostok, Russia, 27–28, 61, 166, 352
Vormstein, Henry, 165
Wainwright, Jonathan, 152–53
Wakayama, Japan, 306
Wake Island, 20, 104, 161
siege of, 25, 27, 75, 153, 306
Wako, Yusei, 400, 407
arrest of, 468
sentenced to death, 471
trial of, 466, 470
Wall, Robert, injury at launch, 182–83, 234–35
Wallace, Henry, 21
Wall Street Journal, 144
Walter Reed Hospital, 369–70
war bond posters, xiii
War Department, U.S., 49, 353, 410, 459
Ward Road Jail, 468
War Ministry, Japanese, 84
Warner Brothers, 373
Wartime Sufferers Protection Law, 313
Waseda Middle School, 196–97
Washington Evening Star, 21
Washington Post, 317, 319, 323, 361, 418
Washington Times Herald, 74–75
Watanabe, Yasuji, 136, 137, 316
Watson, Edwin “Pa,” 34
Watson, Harold, 164, 186, 328, 371, 376, 476, 479
in bombing raid, 217–18
Chinese aid given to, 384
Doolittle’s letter to father of, 365
in launch, 177
training of, 90
Watson, John, 397
Webb, Spike, 85
Wedemeyer, Albert, 452, 453
rescue telegram of, 458
Well-Well, 346
Western Electric Company, 372
West Virginia, 24, 99
Whirling Dervish, 96, 185–86, 218–19, 244, 371
Whiskey Pete, 96, 201
White, Edith, 295
White, Thomas, 94–95, 371
on bombing raid, 229, 230, 231–32
China landing of, 261–64
at Chinese army headquarters, 295
in Chinese hut, 291, 292
in dispute with medical supply officer, 114
Distinguished Flying Cross awarded to, 367, 369
in hiding in China, 294–95
at launch, 180–81
Lawson’s injury and, 336, 337, 338–39, 341–42, 343
medical kit packed for raid by, 95
in search for Lawson, 296
Stintzi diagnosed by, 109
vaccinations administered by, 150
White Snow, (Hirohito’s horse), 82
Wickard, Claude, 21, 22
Widhelm, William “Gus,” 156
Wilder, Hoss, parade in honor of, 385
Wilder, Rodney, 418
Wildner, Carl, 243
bombing by, 198, 199
in China, 325–26
at launch, 178–79, 184–85
Williams, Adam, 326