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Rebellion: The History of England from James I to the Glorious Revolution

Page 57

by Peter Ackroyd


  Keynes, John Maynard

  Kid’s Coffee House (the Amsterdam)

  Kilfenny Castle, Limerick

  Killigrew, Thomas

  King’s Players, the (theatre company)

  Kirk see Church of Scotland

  Kirkby, Christopher

  Knatchbull, John

  Knight (Oxford preacher)

  Knox, John

  Knyvett, Sir Thomas

  La Rochelle, France

  Lambe, Dr John

  Lambert, General John

  land: ownership under Charles II

  Langport (near Bristol), battle of (1645)

  Latitudinarianism (‘Latitude men’)

  Laud, William, archbishop of Canterbury (earlier bishop of St David’s): administers coronation oath to Charles I; supports Arminians; supports Charles I; on Church’s authority; ‘Declaration on the Articles of Religion’; appointed chancellor of Oxford University; opposition to; preaches on sixth anniversary of Charles I’s accession; and ‘Thorough’ (regime); character and appearance; in Edinburgh; Van Dyck portrait; reforms Church rites and doctrines; puritan reaction to; on Scottish defiance; Pym criticizes; and Charles I’s calling great council of peers; impeached and imprisoned; at Strafford’s execution; executed

  Lauder, Sir John

  Lauderdale, John Maitland, 1st duke (earlier 2nd earl) of

  learning: Bacon on

  Leeds: captured by royalists

  Legate, Matthew

  Leicester, Robert Sidney, 2nd earl of

  Leicester: Charles I storms

  Leighton, Alexander

  Lenthall, William

  Leslie, Alexander (later 1st earl of Leven)

  Leslie, David (later baron Newark)

  L’Estrange, Roger

  levellers

  Licensing Act (1662)

  Lilburne, John

  ‘Lillibulero’ (song)

  ‘Little Parliament’, see under Parliament

  local government: under Charles I; gentry and

  Locke, John

  London: plague (1603); James I rides in state through (1604); Tower’s defences strengthened; described by contemporary writers; hackney carriages; City ordered to lend £200,000 to Charles I; petitions parliament for church reformation; Suckling’s party attempts to breach; Charles I’s procession in (1641); common court elections (1641); civil disorder; Charles loses loyalty; stands against royalist forces; defences erected in civil war; royalist supports in; merchants; mob intimidates parliament; New Model Army marches on; dress and fashion; houses and furniture; Pepys on life in; Great Plague (1665); Great Fire (1666); ‘bawdy house riots’ (1668); Charles II investigates City Charter and privileges; James II returns Charter; see also Whitehall

  London Gazette

  Londonderry

  ‘London’s Defiance to Rome’ (pamphlet)

  ‘Long Parliament’, see under Parliament

  Lord of Misrule (custom)

  Lords, House of: Charles I defends Buckingham in; bishops in; differences with Commons; see also Parliament

  Louis XIII, king of France: as possible ally against Spain; dislikes Buckingham; and expulsion of Henrietta Maria’s attendants from England; persecutes Huguenots; promises toleration of Protestants

  Louis XIV, king of France: Cromwell makes treaty with (1655); praises Cromwell; and monarchy under Charles II; ambitions and absolutism; declares war on England (1666); defensive treaty with Dutch; Charles II’s relations with; and England in Triple Alliance; subsidies to Charles II; inactivity at battle of the Texel; makes peace with United Provinces; pays out bribes; hostility to Danby; sends money to James II; amity with James II; warns James II of prospective invasion by William of Orange

  Love, Christopher

  Lovelace, Richard

  Love’s Triumph (masque by Inigo Jones and Ben Jonson)

  Lowe, Roger

  Lowestoft, battle of (1665)

  Lowther, Sir John

  Ludlow, Edmund

  Lunsford, Thomas

  Lutter, battle of (1626)

  Macaulay, Thomas Babington, baron; History of England

  Mackintosh, James: Eminent British Statesmen

  Magalotti, Lorenzo

  Magdalen College, Oxford

  Maidstone, John

  Manchester, Edward Montagu, 2nd earl of (earlier viscount Mandeville)

  Manchester: first death in civil war

  Mandeville, viscount see Manchester, 2nd earl of

  Mansfeld, Ernest, count of

  Mantegna, Andrea: The Triumph of Caesar (painting)

  Maria Anna, infanta of Spain

  Marie de’ Medici, queen of France

  Marlborough, Wiltshire: falls to Charles

  Marlowe, Christopher

  Marston Moor, battle of (1644)

  Marvell, Andrew; ‘The First Anniversary of the Government under O.C.’; ‘An Horatian Ode upon Cromwell’s Return from Ireland’; ‘A Poem upon the Death of O.C.’

  Mary, princess: marriage to William of Orange; designated as regent; Protestantism

  Mary of Modena, wife of James II: marriage; pregnancy and birth of son; William of Orange opposes; escapes to Calais

  Mary Queen of Scots

  Mason, Captain

  masques

  Mather, Richard

  Matthias, Holy Roman Emperor

  Maximilian I, duke of Bavaria

  May, Humphrey

  Mayflower (ship)

  Maynard, Joseph

  maypoles: reintroduced (1660)

  Mazarin, Cardinal Jules

  Mead, Joseph

  Meade, Revd Joseph

  melancholy

  Meres, Sir Thomas

  Middlesex, Lionel Cranfield, 1st earl of

  Middleton, Thomas: A Game at Chess (play)

  Militia Act (1663)

  millenary petition (1603)

  Milton, John; Areopagitica; The Reason of Church Government

  Monck, George (later 1st duke of Albemarle): in Scotland; and dispute between army and parliament; marches into England and intervenes in parliament; and Charles II’s restoration; meets Charles II on return to England

  Monmouth, James Scott, duke of: birth; claim to throne; illegitimacy; victory at Bothwell Bridge; returns to England from exile; tour of West Country; offers to act as surety to Shaftesbury; implicated in Rye House Plot; rebellion (1685); beheaded

  monopolies

  Monson, Henry

  Monson, William

  Montagu, Ralph

  Montagu, Richard

  Monteagle, William Parker, 4th baron

  Montrose, James Graham, 5th earl (later 1st marquess) of

  More, John

  Morland, Sir Samuel

  Muggletonians (sect)

  Murray, Will

  music: in James I’s reign; Pepys on

  Mytens, Daniel

  Nantes, Edict of: revoked (1685)

  Naseby, battle of (1645)

  navy see fleet (English)

  Naylor, James

  Nedham, Marchamont

  Netherlands see Dutch Republic

  Nethersole, Sir Francis

  Neville, Christopher

  ‘new disease’ (fever)

  New Model Army: Cromwell forms; Fairfax commands; character; disbandment planned; petition of complaint to Fairfax; escorts Charles I from Holmby House; recruited for service in Ireland; arrears of pay granted by parliament; dealings with Charles I; proposals to Parliament; marches on London; demands representative parliament; divided over fate of Charles I; victory in second civil war; demands death of Charles I; status after king’s death; disillusion with parliament; petition of complaint to parliament; requests commanding officer; conflict with parliament (1659); dispersed under Charles II; see also army (English)

  Newburn, battle of (1640)

  Newbury: first battle of (1643); second battle of (1644)

  Newcastle, William Cavendish, 1st earl (later duke) of

  Newcastle: surrenders to Scots (1640)
<
br />   news: demand for under Charles II

  newsletters

  Newton, Sir Isaac; De motu corporum in gyrum

  Newton, Sir John

  Nicholas, Edward

  nonconformists see dissenters

  North, Roger

  Northampton, Henry Howard, 1st earl of

  Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 10th earl of

  Norwich, George Goring, 1st earl of

  Nottingham: Charles I raises standard in; Hutchinsons at

  Oates, Titus

  offices of state: holders

  Oglander, Sir John

  Olivares, Gaspar de Guzman, count-duke of

  opera: introduced into England

  optics

  Ormonde, James Butler, 1st duke of

  Otway, Thomas

  Overbury, Sir Thomas

  Oxford: parliament convened in (1626); Charles I and Henrietta Maria visit (1636); Charles I makes headquarters in; peace negotiations (February 1643); Charles I summons parliament of supporters (1644); Charles I escapes from to Worcester; Fairfax besieges; Charles II orders assembly in (1681)

  Oxford University: Laud reforms; James II interferes in

  Packe, Sir Christopher

  Palatinate

  Palmer, Sir Geoffrey

  pamphleteering

  Paris Garden (Southwark)

  Parliament: James I opens (1604); relations with James I; and Gunpowder Plot; business under James I; reconvened and dissolved (‘Addle Parliament’, 1614); meets (1621); assembles (February 1624); powers; ‘Long’ (1640–60); Charles I first calls; debates Charles I’s finances; reconvened in Oxford (1626); criticizes Buckingham; Charles I addresses; Charles I dissolves (1626); conflict with Charles I over sovereignty; opposes unlawful imprisonment; prorogued (1628); proceedings reported; opened (1629); adjourns for eleven years (1629); nine members arrested and imprisoned; summoned and meets (‘stillborn parliament’, 1639–40); called (‘Short Parliament’, 1640); work on renovation; and Triennial Act; challenges Charles I; votes money to Scots; bill allowing staying in session until dissolution voted; rule; reassembles (October 1641); and ‘Grand Remonstrance’; popular petitions to; prepares for war against Charles I; nineteen propositions to Charles I; sets up committee of safety for military preparations; army strength in civil war; wartime strategy; assumes supreme power (1643); committee of two kingdoms (with Scots); self-denying ordinance; sends propositions to Charles I; receives Large Petition from army supporters; and army discontent; grants arrears of pay to army; accepts army’s proposals; expels eleven Presbyterian members; treats with imprisoned Charles I; ‘Rump’; decides on trial of Charles I; constitution after Charles I’s death; dissolution (1653); army’s petition of complaint to; Cromwell reforms; ‘Little’ (‘Barebone’s’); Cromwell calls and dissolves (1654–5); business under Cromwell; second protectorate; conflict with army (1659); Rump expelled; Monck orders Rump to dissolve; and Charles II’s 1660 declaration from Breda; elected 1660 (‘Convention’); meets (1661; ‘Cavalier’); anger at Charles II’s declaration of indulgence; and Charles II’s expenses; reluctance to finance second Dutch War; Charles II prorogues (1674 & 1675); opposition to royal cause; reassembles (February 1677); differences with Charles II; grants £1 million to Charles II for war against France; Charles II dissolves ‘Cavalier’ (January 1679); Charles II prorogues (1679); beginnings of party politics; dissolved (1679); and exclusion crisis; relations with James II; see also Commons, House of; elections (parliamentary); Lords, House of

  Parliament Scout

  Partridge, John: Calendarium Judaicum

  party politics: beginnings

  Peacemaker, The

  Peacham, Henry: The Complete Gentleman

  Pelham, Sir William

  Pembroke, Philip Herbert, 4th earl of

  Pembroke, William Herbert, 3rd earl of

  Penn, Admiral William

  Pennington, Vice-Admiral Sir John

  Pepys, Elizabeth

  Pepys, Roger

  Pepys, Samuel: on posthumous praise for Cromwell; describes Monck; on popular oath; on reintroduction of maypole; on folly of marrying pregnant women; on rainstorm after Charles II’s coronation; deplores power of bishops; on Charles II’s mistresses; on Sedley’s outrageous behaviour; diary descriptions; on Great Plague; and national shortage of money; on fall of Clarendon; on popular mistrust of Charles II; on École des Filles; develops navy

  Percy, Thomas

  ‘Petitioners, the’

  Petre, Edward, SJ

  Phelips, Sir Robert

  Philip III, king of Spain

  Philip IV, king of Spain

  Pickering, Sir Gilbert

  plague: (1603); (1626); London (1685)

  Player, Sir Thomas

  poll tax: introduced

  poor, the: increase in numbers; welfare under Charles I

  Popish Plot (1678)

  portents and prognostications

  Porter, Endymion

  Portland, Richard Weston, 1st earl of

  Portsmouth, Louise de Kérouaille, duchess of

  Portugal: and marriage of Catherine of Braganza to Charles II

  Pory, John

  preaching: style; as distributor of news

  predestination: as doctrine

  Presbyterians: James I’s hostility to; Charles I’s concessions to; at Westminster Assembly; differences with Independents; earl of Manchester embraces; suppress printing; Charles I negotiates with; on Church rule; plan disbandment of New Model Army; eleven members charged; hostility to army; excluded from parliament by Pride; Charles II promises support to; in Cavalier Parliament; adapt to Charles II’s regime; prepare for separate church; see also Church of Scotland

  press: controlled; see also books; printing

  Preston, battle of (1648)

  Pride, Colonel Thomas: ‘purge’; raids bear-garden

  print shops and booksellers

  printing: suppressed (1643)

  Privy Council: legislative powers; reformed

  professions

  prostitution: in London

  Protestant Union

  Protestantism: James I embraces; and Bohemian crisis; divisions; persecuted in Europe; under threat in France; in Thirty Years War; Louis XIII grants freedom of worship; and Popish Plot; see also Huguenots

  Providence Island Company

  Prynne, William: puritanism; charged, sentenced and ears cut off; satirizes Eucharistic rites; prosecuted and punished with Bastwick; released and returns to London; Histriomastix

  purge: as word

  puritans: present millenary petition to James I; religious beliefs and practices; ordered to conform to Book of Common Prayer; under Charles I; anti-Laudian reaction; women and; clergy removed from livings (1662)

  Putney: Fairfax sets up HQ at; debates (1647)

  Pye, Sir Robert

  Pym, John: speaks against Catholic threat; on parliamentary authority in religion; supports Scots against Charles; supports Providence Island Company; petitions Charles to make peace with Scots; leads ‘Protestant Cause’; speaks in parliament; Strafford threatens; accusations against Strafford; passes ‘root and branch’ petition; reforms; as chancellor of exchequer; speeches published; ten propositions; alarmed at Charles’ proposed visit to Scotland; as ‘King Pym’ and mastery in parliament; pledges to suppress Irish rebellion; and ‘Grand Remonstrance’; blames Charles for Irish rebellion; prepares for war at home; supports mob against bishops; character and appearance; impeachment charges against; locks doors of Commons chamber; fear of traitor’s death; raises money in civil war; rejects Essex’s proposed truce offer to Charles I; death

  Quakers

  Radcliffe, Sir George

  Rainsborough, Thomas

  Raleigh, Lady

  Raleigh, Sir Walter: suspected of conspiracy; forfeits Sherborne; Prince Henry admires; sails for Guiana; executed

  Ranke, Leopold von

  Ranters (religious)

  religion: divisions and controversies; Westminst
er Assembly proposes reform; enthusiasts and radicals; under Cromwell and commonwealth; under Charles II; Charles II’s declaration of indulgence on; proliferation of sects under Charles II; see also Catholics; Protestantism

  Reresby, Sir John

  Reynolds, John

  Rhé (island, France)

  Rich, Frances (née Cromwell; Oliver’s daughter)

  Rich, Sir Nathaniel

  Rich, Robert

  Richelieu, Cardinal Armand Jean Duplessis, duc de

  Ripon

  Rochester, John Wilmot, 2nd earl of

  Roe, Sir Thomas

  Rogers, Thorold

  ‘root and branch’ party

  Rossingham, Edward

  roundheads: as term; army strength; desecrate churches; weapons and equipment

  Roundway Down, battle of (1643)

  Rous, Francis

  Rous, John

  Royal Africa Company

  Royal Charles (ship)

  royal forests: limited

  Royal Society: Bacon’s influence on; formed; Newton and; and economic improvements

  royalists: pamphlets; forces muster (1642); supporters; wartime strategy; final defeats; protest at Charles I’s execution; conspiracies in London; in Cavalier Parliament (1661); see also cavaliers

  Rubens, Peter Paul

  ‘Rump Parliament’, see under Parliament

  Rupert, Prince, Count Palatine of the Rhine: commands cavalry in civil war; plunder in war; in Oxford; moves to Bristol; defeated at Marston Moor; at Naseby; surrenders Bristol; Charles I dismisses; cavalry raids from Oxford; commands fleet under Charles II

  Rushworth, John

  Russell, William, Lord

  Rye House Plot (1683)

  Sagredo, Giovanni

  St John, Elizabeth

  St John, Oliver

  St Kitts: French occupy

  St Martin (citadel, France)

  St Paul’s Cathedral (old): as meeting centre; crowd destroys altar

  St Winifred: shrine

  Salisbury, Robert Cecil, 1st earl of (earlier viscount Cranborne): and accession of James I; office under James I; informed of Gunpowder Plot; and taxation measures; and ‘great contract’; on national financial difficulties; death

  Sancroft, William, archbishop of Canterbury

  Sandwich, Edward Mountague, 1st earl of

  Sandys, Sir Edwin

  Saye, William Fiennes, 1st viscount

  science: and Royal Society

  Scotland: James I visits (1617); Charles I’s relations with; opposes Charles I’s religious orders; national covenant; prepares for war against Charles I (1639); preparations for second war and advance into England (1640); negotiates with Charles I; English parliament votes £300,000 to; Charles I visits (1641); solemn league and covenant with England; volunteers support parliamentary cause in England; readiness to negotiate with Charles I; Charles I surrenders to; returns Charles I to parliament for cash; and Charles I in Isle of Wight; ‘Engagement’ with Charles; in second civil war; proclaims Charles II king; invites Charles II to visit; Cromwell’s campaign in (1650); Monck in; ordinance incorporating into commonwealth; see also Edinburgh

 

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