Rebellion: The History of England from James I to the Glorious Revolution

by Peter Ackroyd

Clifford, Thomas, 1st baron

  Clotworthy, John

  Clough, William

  clubmen

  Cobham, Henry Brooke, 8th baron

  coffee

  coffee-houses; closed by Charles II and reopened

  Coke, Sir Edward: dispute with James I over law; and Overbury murder; James I rebukes and dismisses; hostility to Spain; imprisoned; on Charles I’s finances; criticizes Buckingham; bill prohibiting detention without trial

  Coke, Roger: A Discourse of Trade

  Colchester, Lord (1688)

  Colchester, siege of (1648)

  Coleman, Edward

  Collection of Anecdotes and Remarkable Characters, A

  committee of safety: formed (1659)

  Commons, House of: on established church; business under James I; and taxation under James I; and financing of James I; opposes Buckingham; claims authority to determine country’s religion; ‘Grand Remonstrance’ (religious manifesto); inactivity; and Charles I’s visit to Scotland; sends declaration to counties; Vote of No Addresses on Charles I; call for treaty with Charles I; differences with Lords; in exclusion crisis; see also parliament

  Conventicle Act (1664)

  ‘Convention Parliament’, see under Parliament

  Conway, Edward, 2nd viscount

  Cook, John

  Cornbury, Edward Hyde, viscount (later 3rd earl of Clarendon)

  Cornwallis, Sir Charles

  Corporation Act (1661)

  Cottington, Sir Francis, baron

  Cotton, Sir John

  Cotton, Robert

  council of the north: abolished

  council of state: Cromwell forms

  counties: government and administration

  court of highs commission (religious): abolished

  Coventry, Sir Henry

  Coventry: parliamentary prisoners in

  Cranfield, Lionel

  Cromwell, General Lord

  Cromwell, Henry (Oliver’s son)

  Cromwell, Oliver: as member of 1628 parliament; criticizes Laud; Philip Warwick describes; on ‘Grand Remonstrance’; low estimate of parliamentary army; forms elite regiment; engages royalist force at Grantham; favours religious toleration and plurality; as Independent; and Charles’s advance on Gloucester; in committee of two kingdoms; promoted lieutenant-general of eastern association; background, character and religious faith; victory at Marston Moor; appearance; differences with Manchester; forms New Model Army; as second-in-command of New Model Army at Naseby; on victory over royalists; collapse and near-death; Lilburne writes to and praises; and army discontent; in new general council of army; and removal of Charles I from Holmby House to London; in New Model Army’s march on London; negotiates with captured Charles I; at Putney debates; openly breaks with Charles I; throws cushion at Ludlow; subdues rebels in Wales; commands at battle of Preston; considers fate of Charles I; at Charles I’s trial; heads council of state; made commander-in-chief of army; optimism; Lilburne attacks; travels to Ireland and suppresses rebellion; campaign in Scotland (1650); illness in Scotland; final battle at Worcester; returns to London and rewarded; aims and reforms; dissolves parliament (1653); dominance and authority; reconstitutes parliament; as Lord Protector; abused; administration and ordinances; assassination attempts on; calls parliament (1654); venture in West Indies; orders reform of manners; depression; proposed as king but declines; posthumous reputation; enjoys festivities and pleasures; health decline and death; dissolves parliament (1658); openly criticized; Marvell’s poems on; funeral

  Cromwell, Richard (Oliver’s son): succeeds father; abdicates; declines army request for commanding officer; rumoured return to office; flees to exile in Europe

  customs and festivals

  Cutpurse, Moll

  Dade, William: Prognostications

  Danby, Thomas Osborne, 1st earl of (later marquess of Carmarthen and duke of Leeds); released from Tower; invites William of Orange to invade

  Davenant, John, bishop of Salisbury

  Davenant, Sir William; Salmacida Spolia (masque); The Tragedy of Albovine (play)

  Davies, Lady Eleanor

  decimation tax

  Declaration of the Army (1646)

  Declaration of Sports

  Dekker, Thomas: The Seven Deadly Sins of London

  Denmark: England proposes holy crusade against Catholic powers

  Derby, James Stanley, 7th earl of

  Dering, Sir Edward

  Desborough, John

  Devonshire, William Cavendish, 4th earl (later 1st duke) of

  D’Ewes, Simonds: criticizes Commons’ behaviour; on Cotton’s decline; on Charles I’s demand for ship-money; on Strafford’s trial; on ‘Grand Remonstrance’; on 1641 election; on Charles I’s military officers; on effect of parliamentary declaration on opponents in civil war; on women’s peace demonstration

  Diggers

  Digges, Sir Dudley

  Dillingham, John

  Discourse of the Religion of England

  dissenters (nonconformists): proliferation; under Charles II; granted freedom of worship (1672); under James II

  Donne, John

  Dorchester, Catherine Sedley, countess of

  Dort, synod of (1618)

  Doves, Samuel

  Dowdall, Lady Elizabeth

  Dowland, John

  drama see theatre

  dress and fashion: under Charles II

  Drogheda, Ireland

  Dryden, John: on battle of Lowestoft; as dramatist; Absalom and Achitophel; The Secular Masque

  Dublin: rebellion (1641)

  Duckenfield, Colonel Robert

  Duke of York’s Servants (theatre company)

  Dunbar, battle of (1650)

  Dunkirk: sold to French; Anglo-French alliance against

  Dutch Republic: in Triple Alliance (1668); provokes near war with England (1623); defensive league with England; treaty with England (1625); alliance with France; attacks Spanish fleet (1639); as trade rival; war with England (1665–7); defensive treaty with France (1666); peace negotiations; raid into England (1667); Anglo-French secret treaty against; French and English war with (1672–4); merchant vessels elude English navy; French successes against; and marriage of Princess Mary and William; Louis XIV makes peace with

  Earle, John

  Earle, Sir Walter

  East India Company: rivalry with Dutch; trade with Russia

  eastern association

  Edgehill, battle of (1642)

  Edinburgh: Charles I visits (1633); (1641); James I visits (1617); Charles I’s religious orders defied; draws up national covenant; parliament meets (1640); supposed conspiracy (’the incident’); see also Scotland

  Edward III, King

  Edwards, Thomas: Gangraena

  elections (parliamentary): (1639); (1640); (1659); (1679); (1688); see also Commons, House of; Parliament

  Eliot, Sir John: on failure of 1621 parliament; on impeachment of earl of Middlesex; on death of James I; criticizes Charles I in parliament; criticizes Buckingham; taken to Tower and released; speechmaking and oratory; on power of bishops; imprisoned; death

  Eliot, T. S.

  Elizabeth, Princess (Charles I’s daughter)

  Elizabeth, Princess (later queen of Bohemia)

  Elizabeth I, Queen: death and succession

  Ellesmere, Sir Thomas Egerton, baron

  England: economic problems; prosperity and trade; population increases; social divisions; Dutch trade rivalry; troops conscripted for European service; war with Spain (1625); peace with France (1629); harvest failure (1630) and food riots; secret treaty with Spain (1634); and beginnings of war against Scots; labourers and craftsmen pressed into Charles I’s military service; harvest failures (1646–51); commonwealth proclaimed; post-civil-war condition; foreign relations under commonwealth; Cromwell divides into eleven districts; Spain declares war on (1655); power and administration under Charles II; war with Dutch (1665–7); war with France (1666–7); proliferation of Christian sects; war with
Dutch (1672); peace with Dutch (1674); economic and social improvements following second Dutch war; industrial development; standing army under James II

  Essex, Arthur Capel, 1st earl of

  Essex, Robert Devereux, 3rd earl of: marriage to and divorce from Frances Howard; dismissed by Charles I; as member of committee for petitions; as privy councillor; as lord chamberlain; commands parliamentary army; proposes truce offer to Charles I and deciding battle; relieves Gloucester; advances on Oxford; in committee of both kingdoms; favours accommodation with Charles I; criticized; laments Laud’s death; removed from military command

  ‘etcetera oath, the’

  Etherege, Sir George: She Wou’d if She Cou’d

  Eure, Margaret

  Evelyn, John: on Charles I’s return from negotiations with Scots; on apparition; attends Anglican service; on women’s behaviour; on Cromwell’s funeral; on Richard Cromwell’s dissolving parliament; witnesses return of Charles II; on changes under Charles II; on Charles II’s gambling; on Great Fire of London; disparages Charles II’s entourage; on battle of Sole Bay; on duke of York’s Catholicism; on Rye House plot; on dissoluteness of Charles II’s court; on James II’s summary acts; on impending invasion by William of Orange

  Everard, William

  excise (tax): introduced

  Exclusion Bills (1679); (1681)

  Fairfax, Sir Ferdinando

  Fairfax, Sir Thomas: commands New Model Army; besieges and captures Bristol; greets Charles I; petition of complaint from army; in army’s march on London; in second civil war; besieges Colchester; and trial of Charles I; opposes Lilburne; refuses to invade Scotland

  Fanshawe, Anne, Lady (née Harrison)

  Fanshawe, Sir Richard

  Farmer, Anthony

  farming see agriculture

  Farnham Castle

  Fauconberg, Mary, countess (née Cromwell; Oliver’s daughter)

  Fauconberg, Thomas, earl

  Fawkes, Guy

  Feake, Christopher

  Felton, John

  fens: drained

  Ferdinand II, Holy Roman Emperor (earlier archduke)

  Fifth Monarchy men

  Finch, Heneage

  Finch, Sir John

  five knights case

  fleet (English): failed attack on Cadiz; sails against France (1627); rebuilt and sails (1635); supports parliament; dominance; strengthened under Charles II; parliament money to (1675); Pepys develops for James II

  Fleetwood, Major-General Charles

  food and drink: under Charles II

  Fox, George

  Foxe, John: Acts and Monuments

  France: demands liberties for English Catholics; as prospective ally against Spain; Protestants under threat; expedition against (1627); peace with England (1629); alliance with Dutch; rumoured potential invasion by; payments to Charles II; Cromwell makes treaty with (1655); relations with England under Charles II; Dunkirk sold to; occupies St Kitts; war with England (1666–7); Triple Alliance against; Charles II forms anti-Dutch alliance with; war on Dutch (1672); fleet inactive at battle of the Texel; successes against United Provinces; see also Louis XIV, king of France

  Frederick V, Elector of the Palatinate (later king of Bohemia)

  Fuller, Thomas

  furniture

  Galileo Galilei

  Gataker, Thomas

  gentry: rise under James I; authority

  Gerard, Father John, SJ

  Glanville, John

  Glorious Revolution (1688)

  Gloucester: in civil war

  Goaden v. Hales (lawsuit)

  Godfrey, Sir Edmund Berry

  Gondomar, Diego Sarmiento de Acuña, count of

  Goodwin, Thomas

  Gramont, comte de

  ‘Grand Remonstrance’

  Great Britain: as title; see also England

  Green Ribbon Club

  Grenville, Sir John

  Gresham College, London

  Grimstone, Harbottle

  Grosseteste, Robert, bishop of Lincoln

  Gunpowder Plot (1605)

  Gustavus Adolphus, king of Sweden

  Gwyn, Nell

  Habeas Corpus Act (1679); James II wishes to repeal

  Habsburg family: and Bohemia

  hackney carriages

  Halifax, George Savile, 1st marquess of

  Hall, Joseph: Characters of Virtues and Vices

  Hallam, Henry

  Halley, Edmund

  Hamilton, James, 1st duke of

  Hamilton, James, 2nd marquess of

  Hammond, Colonel Robert

  Hampden, John: imprisoned; tried before court of exchequer; supports Scots against Charles I; supports Providence Island Company; Strafford threatens; impeachment charges against; and Cromwell’s low estimate of parliamentary army; dies of wounds

  Hampton Court: conference (1604); Charles I at

  Harington, Sir John: on Hampton Court debate; on court behaviour; Suffolk advises on gaining favour at court; appointed tutor to Prince Henry

  Harley, Lady Brilliana

  Harrington, James: Oceana

  Harrison, Sir John

  Haselrig, Sir Arthur

  Hastings, Henry

  Hatfield House, Hertfordshire

  Heads of the Proposals

  hearth tax (1662)

  Henri IV, king of France: assassinated

  Henrietta Anne, Princess, duchess of Orléans

  Henrietta Maria, wife of Charles I: betrothal; marriage; Catholicism; marriage relations; declines to attend coronation; French attendants sent home; poverty; birth of son Charles; in masques and theatrical pieces; offended by Prynne; on Scottish service book; supports husband; defies parliamentary control of court and council; threatened with impeachment; leaves for Holland (1642); sends arms from Holland; returns from exile in war; exile abroad; mediates between Charles II and Louis XIV

  Henry, Philip

  Henry, Prince (Charles I’s son)

  Henry, prince of Wales: tutored by Harington; character; betrothal to Maria Anna; death

  Herbert, Sir Edward

  Heylyn, Peter

  Heyman, Sir Peter

  Hobbes, Thomas: on death of Laud; career; and political theory; Leviathan

  Holborne, Sir Robert

  Holland, Henry Rich, 1st earl of

  Holland: Henrietta Maria travels to; see also Dutch Republic

  Hollar, Wenceslaus

  Holles, Denzil; impeachment charges against

  Holmby House, Northamptonshire

  Holt, Wiltshire

  Holy Roman Empire: in Thirty Years War

  honours: sale under James I

  Hooke, Robert

  Hopkins, Sir William

  Hopton, Sir Ralph

  Hotham, Sir John, as governor of Hull

  Hough, John, bishop of Worcester

  Houghton, John: Collection of Letters for the Improvement of Husbandry and Trade

  Hounslow Heath

  Howard family: oppose Buckingham

  Howe, John Grubham

  Hudlestone, John

  Huguenots; see also Protestantism

  Hull: military arsenal; Charles I denied entry

  Hunt, Leigh

  Huntingdon, Henry Hastings, 5th earl of

  Hurst Castle, Hampshire

  Hutchinson, George

  Hutchinson, Colonel John

  Hutchinson, Lucy (née Apsley); Memoirs of the Life of Colonel Hutchinson

  hygiene: Pepys and

  ‘incident, the’

  Independents (sect)

  ‘Instrument of Government’ (Lambert’s)

  intelligencers (busy-bodies)

  Ireland: Strafford (Wentworth) in; rebellion (1641); social structure and land ownership; English forces sent to; New Model Army destined for; Charles I seeks to raise army in; Cromwell deputed to subdue; Cromwell travels to and suppresses; Act of Settlement (1652); ordinance incorporating into commonwealth

  Ireton, Sir Henry

  Ironsides
/>   Jaffray, Alexander

  Jamaica

  James, Henry

  James I, king of England (James VI of Scotland): accession to English throne; journey from Edinburgh to London; appearance and manner; creates new knights; coronation; plot against; personal retinue and court; clerical and religious discussions; learning; relations with Parliament; honoured and praised; hunting; informed of Gunpowder Plot; court laxity and excesses; behaviour; favourites; extravagance and debts; view of law; financial situation; and royal power; joins Protestant Union; sells honours and titles; progress to Newark (1612); and Somerset’s self-pardon; health declines; rebukes judges; progress to Edinburgh (1617); and Bohemian crisis; progress (1620); and parliament’s petitions against Catholics and Spain; Mytens portrait; loses popular support; fears treason; thrown from horse and falls through ice; and son Charles’s visit to Spain with Buckingham; near-war with Dutch (1623); and prospective war with Spain; final letter to Buckingham; death; called ‘the wisest fool in Christendom’; attends and finances masques; religious views; distributes land in Ireland; Basilikon Doron; Declaration of Sports

  James II, king (earlier James, duke of York): marriage to Anne Hyde; Catholicism; sea victory over Dutch; assists in Great Fire of London; retires from public life; marriage to Mary of Modena; Charles II tells of French subsidies; and rumoured plot against Charles II; Shaftesbury opposes as successor to Charles II; refuses to return to Anglicanism and takes exile in Spanish Netherlands; in exclusion crisis; Charles II’s low opinion of; contends for throne; regains powers; character and qualities; succeeds to throne; maintains standing army; appoints Catholic officers to army and navy; relations with Louis XIV; tensions with parliament; declaration of indulgence order; and William of Orange’s invasion; opposes William of Orange; flees, apprehended and returned to London; allowed to escape abroad; exile in France

  Jeffreys, George, 1st baron (Judge)

  Jesuits: banished (1604); and Gunpowder Plot; parliament denounces; rumoured Popish Plot against Charles II

  Johnson, Robert

  Jones, Inigo

  Jonson, Ben: writes plays on ambition and corruption; on Salisbury; masques; Bartholomew Fair; Love Restored; News from the New World; Pleasure Reconciled to Virtue; Sejanus

  Joyce, Cornet

  judges: loyalties in civil war

  Junto, the (puritan)

  justices of the peace

  Juxon, Thomas

  Juxon, William, bishop of London

  Ketch, Jack

  Keymis, Lawrence