Death Before Glory

by Martin Howard

  9. Duffy, pp. 80−8; Bulletins of the Campaigns 1794, pp. 104−18; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 360−2; Willyams, pp. 52−70; James, Journal of Rear-Admiral Bartholomew James, pp. 237−40; Poyen, pp. 35−54; Pearse, pp. 285−6; James, The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. I, pp. 217−20.

  10. Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), p. 362; Bulletins of the Campaign 1794, pp. 106−8, 125; Duffy, p. 88.

  11. Bulletins of the Campaign 1794, pp. 172−4; Poyen, pp. 58−9; Duffy, pp. 89−91; Willyams, p. 80; Abercromby, NAM 2001-01-611; Nelson, p. 148.

  12. Ellis, p. 42; Bulletins of the Campaign 1794, p. 181; Duffy, pp. 93−4; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), p. 363; Nelson, p. 149; James, The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. I, p. 221.

  13. Bulletins of the Campaign 1794, pp. 182−3; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), p. 364; Willyams, p. 88; Duffy, p. 94.

  14. Bulletins of the Campaign 1794, pp. 188−90; Poyen, pp. 66−8; Duffy, pp. 94−5; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), p. 365.

  15. Bulletins of the Campaign 1794, p. 191; Nelson, p. 150; Duffy, pp. 97−100, 114; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 365−8.

  16. Poyen, pp. 73−5; Bulletins of the Campaign 1794, pp. 316−22; Duffy, pp. 115−16; James, The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. I, pp. 222−3.

  17. Nelson, pp. 160−1; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 370−1; Duffy, pp. 119−20; Bulletins of the Campaign 1794, p. 325.

  18. Bulletins of the Campaign 1794, pp. 317, 331−3, 339−41; Nelson, p. 161; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 371−2; Duffy, pp. 121−2; Cumloden Papers, pp. 11−13; Poyen, pp. 76−8; James, The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. I, pp. 223−4.

  19. Bulletins of the Campaign 1794, pp. 333−42; Duffy, pp. 122−6; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 373−4; Poyen, pp. 78−9; Cumloden Papers, pp. 14−15; Pearse, p. 291; James, Journal of Rear-Admiral Bartholomew James, pp. 244−5; Nelson, pp. 162−3.

  20. Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 374−8; Nelson, pp. 163−6; Duffy, pp. 129−31; Poyen, p. 81; James, Journal of Rear-Admiral Bartholomew James, p. 246, Willyams, p. 133.

  21. Poyen, pp. 81−2; James, The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. I, p. 224; Duffy, p. 131; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 379−80; Willyams, p. 134.

  22. Poyen, pp. 82−3; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 380−1; Nelson, p. 166; Duffy, pp. 131−2; Willyams, pp. 136−8; Bulletins of the Campaign 1794, pp. 382−3.

  23. Bulletins of the Campaign 1795, pp. 31−7; Duffy, pp. 132−3; Poyen, pp. 85−6; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 381−2; James, Journal of Rear-Admiral Bartholomew James, pp. 250−66; James, The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. I, p. 225; Nelson, p. 167.

  24. Nelson, pp. 168−9; Willyams, pp. 58−9; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 383−5; Duffy, pp. 134−5.

  Chapter 5

  1. Duffy, M., Soldiers, Sugar and Seapower, pp. 136−41; Fortescue, J.W., A History of the British Army, Vol. IV (1), pp. 424−5.

  2. Poyen, H., Les Guerres des Antilles de 1793 à 1815, pp. 88−90; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 425−7; Duffy, pp. 141−2.

  3. Turnbull, G., A Narrative of the Revolt and Insurrection of the French Inhabitants in the Island of Grenada, pp. 9−70; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 425−30; Duffy, pp. 142−3.

  4. Turnbull, pp. 71−80; Bulletins of the Campaign 1795, p. 88; A Collection of State Papers Relative to the War against France, appendix, p. 61; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 427−30.

  5. Moreau de Jonnès, A., Adventures in the Wars of the Republic and Consulate, pp. 120−1, 140−3; Duffy, p. 142; Bulletins of the Campaign 1795, p. 89; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 429−30.

  6. Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 430−3; Duffy, pp. 139, 144−5.

  7. Bulletins of the Campaign 1795, pp. 89−90, 97−9, 101−2; Ellis, A.B., The History of the First West India Regiment, pp. 46−7; Poyen, pp. 90−1; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 434−6.

  8. Bulletins of the Campaign 1795, pp. 109−10, 116; Poyen, pp. 92−3; Duffy, p. 145; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 436−7; Ellis, pp. 47−8.

  9. Everard, H., History of Thomas Farrington’s Regiment, p. 20; Turnbull, pp. 92−101; A Collection of State Papers Relative to the War against France, appendix, p. 63; Bulletins of the Campaign 1795, p. 96; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 437−8.

  10. Everard, pp. 201−5; Turnbull, pp. 111−20, 131−3, 152−9; Poyen, p. 97; Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 3−7; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 438−40.

  11. Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, p. 60; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 440−1; Duffy, p. 153.

  12. A Collection of State Papers Relative to the War against France, appendix, pp. 61−6; Bulletins of the Campaign 1795, pp. 100−1; Poyen, p. 95; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 441−2.

  13. Coke, T., A History of the West Indies, Vol. II, pp. 218−23; Ellis, pp. 49−52; Bulletins of the Campaign 1795, pp. 111−12; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), p. 442.

  14. Coke, Vol. II, pp. 224−7; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 443−4; Ellis, p. 52.

  15. Ellis, p. 52; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), p. 444; Coke, Vol. II, p. 228.

  16. Coke, Vol.II, pp. 229−32; Ellis, pp. 52−3; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 445−6.

  17. Bulletins of the Campaign 1795, pp. 156−60; A Collection of State Papers Relative to the War against France, appendix, p. 70; Ellis, pp. 53−4; Duffy, p. 153; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), p. 446.

  18. Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 35−9; A Collection of Papers Relative to the War against France, appendix, pp. 74−6; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 447−8.

  19. Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 36, 59−60; A Collection of Papers Relative to the War against France, appendix, pp. 75−6, 78; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 448−9.

  20. Bulletins of the Campaign 1795, pp. 110−11; Poyen, p. 99; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 449−50; Duffy, p. 146.

  21. Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 450−4; Duffy, p. 147; Poyen, pp. 101−3.

  22. Balcarres, Lives of the Lindsays, Vol. III, pp. 24−44; Robinson, C., The Fighting Maroons of Jamaica, pp. 83−6; Geggus, D., Slavery, War and Revolution, p. 88; Duffy, pp. 149−51; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 461−3.

  23. Balcarres, Vol. III, pp. 45−78; Robinson, pp. 87−104; Duffy, pp. 150−1; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 463−4; Dallas, R.C. A History of the Maroons, Vol. I, pp. 231−2.

  24. Balcarres, Vol. III, pp. 88−144; Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 57−9; Robinson, pp. 104−54; Dallas, Vol. I, p. 235; Duffy, pp. 242−4, 259−60; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 464−5; A Collection of Papers Relative to the War against France, appendix, pp. 76−81.

  25. Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 457−9, 466; Geggus, pp. 154−6; Duffy, pp. 147−9.

  26. Geggus, pp. 164−5; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 466−7.

  27. Geggus, pp. 176−7; Duffy, p. 241; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 467−8.

  28. Duffy, pp. 241−7; Geggus, pp. 184−6; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 468−71.

  29. Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 78−9; Spencer, G., Private Papers of George, second Earl Spencer, Vol. I, pp. 283−4; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 471−2; Duffy, pp. 245−8; Geggus, pp. 193−6; James, W.M., The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. I, p. 370.

  30. Robinson, pp. 22−3; Duffy, pp. 248−50; Geggus, p. 198; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 472−3; Rainsford, M., An Historical Account of the Black Empire of Hayti, p. 202; James, Vol. I, p. 370.

  31. Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 319−24; Duffy, pp. 250−2; Geggus, pp. 198−204; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 474−6.

  Chapter 6

  1. Geggus, D., Slavery, War and Revolution, pp. 188−9; Duffy, M., Soldiers, Sugar and Seapower, pp. 163−6, 199−219; Fortescue, J.W., A History of the British Army, Vol. IV (1), pp. 477−85; Moore, J., The Diary of Sir John Moore, Vol. I, p. 208; Mackesy, P., British Victory in Egypt 1801, pp. 6−12, 30−6, 239−41; Clinton, NAM 1999−08−100; Stewart, D., Sketches of the Character, Manners and Present State of the Highlanders of Scotland, pp. 410−12, 428; Richardson, W., A Mariner of England, pp. 123−8; Facts Relative to the Conduct of the War in the West Indies, pp. 144−5; Dillon, W.H., A Narrative of my Professional Adventure
s (1790−1839), p. 209; Dyott, W., Dyott’s Diary 1781−1845, Vol. I, pp. 82−4; Howard, T.P., The Haitian Journal of Lieutenant Howard York Hussars 1796−1798, pp. 139−6; Knight, R., Britain Against Napoleon, p. 74.

  2. A Collection of State Papers Relative to the War against France, appendix, pp. 78−81; Dyott, Vol. I, pp. 102−4; Poyen, H., Les Guerres des Antilles de 1793 à 1815, pp. 96−8; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 483−4.

  3. Duffy, pp. 220−1; James, W.M., The Naval History of Great Britain, Vol. I, p. 367; Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 91−7, 107−9; Pinckard, G., Notes on the West Indies, Vol. II, pp. 165−6.

  4. Duffy pp. 223−5; Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 97−9; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 486−7; Moore, Vol. I, pp. 197−200; Dillon, Vol. I, p. 231; Poyen, pp. 128, 132; Clinton, NAM 1999−08−100; Ellis, A.B., The History of the First West India Regiment, p. 60.

  5. Moore, Vol. I, pp. 200−5; Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 97−100; Poyen, p. 130; Duffy, pp. 225−6; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 487−9.

  6. Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 100−3, 106−7; Moore, Vol. I, pp. 207−8; Duffy, pp. 226−8; Fortescue, Vol. I, 489−90; Poyen, p. 131; Lasalle de Louisenthal, Aventures de guerre aux Antilles, pp. 20−2.

  7. Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, p. 126; Duffy, pp. 229−30; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 490−1; Clinton, NAM 1999−08−100; Poyen, pp. 132−4.

  8. Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 126−7; Poyen, pp. 136−7; Duffy, pp. 230−2; Moore, Vol. I, p. 213; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), p. 491; Richardson, pp. 130−1; Dillon, Vol. I, pp. 233−4; Lasalle de Louisenthal, p. 24.

  9. Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 127−35; Duffy, pp. 233−6; Poyen, pp. 139−42; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 491−2; Gasper, D.B., A Turbulent Time, p. 111; Moore, Vol. I, pp. 215−21; Dillon, Vol. I, p. 238.

  10. Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 174−81; Bulletins of the Campaign 1797, pp. 10−13; Duffy, pp. 237−8, 256−63; Taylor, C., The Black Carib Wars, pp. 139−41; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 493, 544; Schofield, V., The Highland Furies, pp. 191−4; Moreau de Jonnès, A., Adventures in Wars of the Republic and Consulate, p. 169; James, Vol. I, pp. 369−70.

  11. Bulletins of the Campaign 1796, pp. 181−9; Bulletins of the Campaign 1797, pp. 9−10; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 494−5; Dyott, Vol. I, pp. 112−17; Duffy, pp. 238−9; James, Vol. I, pp. 369−70; Lasalle de Louisenthal, pp. 34−5.

  12. Duffy, pp. 240, 266−74; Fortescue, Vol. I, pp. 495−6, 537−9.

  13. Bulletins of the Campaign 1797, pp. 44−57; Duffy, pp. 274−83; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 539−40; Brisbane, T.M., Reminiscences of General Sir Thomas Makdougall Brisbane, pp. 16−17; Wainwright, NAM 2007−10−15; Lasalle de Louisenthal, pp. 48−54.

  14. Bulletins of the Campaign 1797, pp. 74−8; Duffy, pp. 283−91; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 541−3; Brisbane, p. 17; Schofield, pp. 195−6; Moore, Vol. I, p. 252.

  15. Geggus, pp. 208−9, 211, 215, 221; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 545−7.

  16. Geggus, pp. 221−3; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 547−8.

  17. Bulletins of the Campaign 1797, pp. 108−10; Chalmers, C., Remarks on the Late War in St. Domingo, pp. 59−60; Rainsford, M., An Historical Account of the Black Empire of Hayti, p. 205; Geggus, p. 223; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 548−9.

  18. Bulletins of the Campaign 1797, pp. 89−96, 110−11; Chalmers, pp. 55−63; Howard, pp. 91−5; Geggus, pp. 224−5; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), p. 549.

  19. Duffy, pp. 303−4; Geggus, pp. 225−6; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 549−52.

  20. Geggus, pp. 374−8; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 553−5.

  21. Geggus, pp. 376−7; Duffy, pp. 305−7; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 555−6.

  22. Geggus, p. 378; Duffy, p. 307; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 556−7.

  23. Geggus, pp. 378−87; Fortescue, Vol. IV (1), pp. 559−65; Duffy, pp. 308−10; Cumloden Papers, pp. 21−2; Howard, pp. 147−56; Chalmers, pp. 77−81.

  24. Duffy, pp. 311−12, 314−18, 320−5; Poyen, pp. 202, 208−9; Buckley, R.N., The British Army in the West Indies, p. 258; Dillon, Vol. I, pp. 398−400.

  25. Muir, R., Britain and the Defeat of Napoleon 1807−1815, pp. 3−4; Buckley, p. 259; Knight, pp. 215−16; Poyen, p. 261; Duffy, p. 325.

  Chapter 7

  1. Knight, R., Britain Against Napoleon, pp. 238, 259−60, 285; Buckley, R.N., The British Army in the West Indies, pp. 85−8, 259−62; Duffy, M., Soldiers, Sugar and Seapower, p. 389; Fortescue, J.W., A History of the British Army, Vol. V, pp. 181−2.

  2. Poyen, H., Les Guerres des Antilles de 1793 à 1815, pp. 226−43, 260; Fortescue, Vol. V, pp. 176−80, Vol. VII, p. 6; Buckley, pp. 260−1; Lemonnier-Delafosse, M., Seconde Campagne de Saint Domingue, pp. 265−8.

  3. Sketches and Recollections of the West Indies by a Resident, pp. 105−14; Buckley, R.N., Slaves in Redcoats, pp. 76−8; Fortescue, Vol. V, pp. 180−1.

  4. Knight, pp. 217−20; Buckley, The British Army in the West Indies, pp. 261−2; Fortescue, Vol. V, pp. 175, 181−2.

  5. The London Gazette, July 26 1803, 15605, pp. 917−19, August 15 1803, 15610, pp. 1021−2; Poyen, pp. 268−9; Fortescue, Vol. V, pp. 182−3; Pakenham E., Pakenham Letters 1800 to 1815, p. 31; Lasalle de Louisenthal, Aventures de guerre aux Antilles, pp. 74−5.

  6. The London Gazette, August 15 1803, 15610, pp. 1017−21; Poyen, pp. 268−9; Fortescue, Vol. V, pp. 183−4.

  7. The London Gazette, November 26 1803, 15649, pp. 1655−63; Fortescue, Vol. V, pp. 184−6.

  8. The London Gazette, June 19 1804, 15712, pp. 753−61; Fortescue, Vol. V, pp. 187−91.

  9. Fortescue, Vol. V, pp. 191−2.

  10. Sketches and Recollections of the West Indies by a Resident, pp. 158−86; The London Gazette, 4 May 1804, 15804, pp. 601−3; Ellis, A.B., The History of the First West India Regiment, pp. 73−82 Poyen, pp. 278−82; Moreau de Jonnès, A., Adventures in Wars of the Republic and Consulate, pp. 291−6; Fortescue, Vol. V, pp. 245−8

  11. Fortescue, Vol. V, pp. 249, 255−8; Poyen, pp. 283−92.

  12. The London Gazette, February 9 1808, 16116, pp. 193−5; Fortescue, Vol. VII, pp. 2−9; Ellis, p. 84; Lunt, J.D., Scarlet Lancer, pp. 23−6.

  13. The London Gazette, April 13 1809, 16245, pp. 481−90; Fortescue, Vol. VII, pp. 11−17; Poyen, pp. 338−67; Ellis, pp. 88−92; Campbell, N., Napoleon at Fontainebleau and Elba, pp. 14−16; Browne, T.H. The Napoleonic War Journal of Thomas Henry Browne, pp., 100−7; St Clair, A Soldier’s Recollections of the West Indies and America, Vol. II, pp. 236−46, Graves, D.E., Dragon Rampant, pp. 82−3; Scott, J., Recollections of a Naval Life, Vol. II, pp. 129−55; Bentinck, R., The Very Thing, pp. 30−1.

  14. The London Gazette, May 30 1809, 16262, pp. 779−8; Fortescue, Vol. VII, pp. 17−18; Poyen, pp. 381−4.

  15. Bulletins of the Campaign 1810, pp. 37−75; Fortescue, Vol. VII, pp. 19−25; Ellis, pp. 93−7.

  16. Hall, C.D., British Strategy in the Napoleonic War 1803−15, pp. 185−6; Muir, R., Britain and the Defeat of Napoleon 1807−1815, pp. 309, 326; Fortescue, Vol. VII, p. 25; Poyen, pp. 413−14; Buckley, The British Army in the West Indies, pp. 267−8.

  17. The London Gazette, July 25 1815, 1513, pp. 1515−16; Leith, J., Memoirs of the late Lieutenant-General Sir James Leith GCB, pp. 147−8; Poyen, pp. 417−22.

  18. Leith, pp. 148−58, appendix, pp. 8−14; Haggard, D., The Last Fight for Napoleon; Ellis, pp. 110−12; Poyen, pp. 433−48; Anderson, J., Recollections of a Peninsular Veteran, pp. 93−5.

  19. Muir, pp. 370−3; Duffy, p. 389; Gasper, D.B., A Turbulent Time, p. 92; Buckley, The British Army in the West Indies, p. 268.

  Chapter 8

  1. Knight, R., Britain Against Napoleon, pp. 77−8; Duffy, M., Soldiers, Sugar and Seapower, pp. 173−4; Buckley, R.N., The British Army in the West Indies, pp. 59−61; Moore, J., The Diary of Sir John Moore, Vol. I, p. 193; McLean, H., An Enquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Great Mortality, pp. viii−x; Haythornthwaite, P.J., The Armies of Wellington, p. 215; Bryson, A., Andrew Bryson’s Ordeal, pp
. 83−4; Durey, M., White Slaves, p. 307; Dillon, W.H., A Narrative of my Professional Adventures (1790−1839), Vol. I, pp. 200−1; Pinckard, G., Notes on the West Indies, Vol. I, pp. 15−17, 79−80; Thoumine, R.H., Scientific Soldier, p. 53; Muir, R., Wellington. The Path to Victory 1769−1814, p. 29; Leach, J., Rough Sketches of the Life of an Old Soldier, p. 5; Sherwood, NAM 1999−09−41; St Clair, A Soldier’s Recollections of the West Indies and America, Vol. I, pp. 46−7; Pakenham, E., Pakenham Letters 1800 to 1815, p. 17; Teasdale, NAM 2011−08−34.

  2. Howard, T.P., The Haitian Journal of Lieutenant Howard, p. 8; Pinckard, Vol. I, pp. 33−9, 62−4, 83; Dyott, W., Dyott’s Diary 1781−1845, Vol. I, p. 82; Moore, Vol. I, p. 193; Surtees, W., Twenty-Five Years in the Rifle Brigade, pp. 323−5; Facts Relative to the Conduct of the War in the West Indies, p. 155; McGrigor, J.,The Autobiography and Services of Sir James McGrigor Bart, pp. 48−9; Everard, H., History of Thomas Farrington’s Regiment, pp. 183−9; Schofield, V., The Highland Furies, p. 189; Landsheit, N., The Hussar, Vol. I, pp. 49−50; Duffy, M., The Caribbean Campaigns of the British Army 1793−1801, p. 30.

  3. Knight, pp. 176−90; Fortescue, J.W., A History of the British Army, Vol. IV (2), pp. 882−4; Duffy, Soldiers, Sugar and Seapower, pp. 184−5; Condon, M.E., Living Conditions on Board Troopships, p. 19; Brownrigg, B., The Life and Letters of Sir John Moore, pp. 55−6; Pinckard, Vol. I, pp. 52−3, 142−4; Bryson, p. 78; Landsheit, Vol. I, pp. 87−8.

  4. Condon, pp. 14−15; Duffy, Soldiers, Sugar and Seapower, pp. 353−4; Pinckard, Vol. I, pp. 98−100, Vol. II, pp. 152−6; Surtees, pp. 325−6; McGrigor, p. 54; Landsheit, Vol. I, pp. 87−8; Richardson, W., A Mariner of England, p. 197; Lloyd, C., Medicine and the Navy 1200−1900, Vol. III, p. 72.

  5. Moseley, B., A Treatise on Tropical Diseases, pp. 16−17; St Clair, Vol. I, pp. 59−61; Bryson, p. 70.

  6. Condon, pp. 15−18; Facts Relative to the Conduct of the War in the West Indies, p. 183; Bryson, pp. 70−1; Powell, NAM 1976−07−45; Dyott, Vol. I, pp. 84−90; Ross-Lewin, H., With the Thirty-Second in the Peninsula, p. 15; Howard, p. 20; Pinckard, Vol. I, pp. 106−7.