Wilson

by A. Scott Berg

  Address

  ASB

  A. Scott Berg

  ASL

  Arthur S. Link

  CD

  Cleveland Dodge

  CG

  Congressional Government (by WW)

  CTG

  Dr. Cary Travers Grayson

  (D)

  Diary

  EAW

  Ellen Axson Wilson (WW’s first wife)

  EBW

  Edith Bolling Galt Wilson (WW’s second wife)

  EMH

  Edward Mandell House

  EWM

  Eleanor (“Nell” or “Nellie��) Wilson McAdoo (WW’s daughter)

  FDR

  Franklin Delano Roosevelt

  HCL

  Henry Cabot Lodge

  JD

  Josephus Daniels

  JPT

  Joseph Patrick Tumulty

  JRW

  Joseph Ruggles Wilson (WW’s father)

  JWS

  Jessie Woodrow Wilson Sayre (WW’s daughter)

  JWW

  Janet “Jeanie” Woodrow Wilson (WW’s mother)

  (M)

  Memorandum

  MAH

  Mary Allen Hulbert (Peck)

  (N)

  Notes

  NYT

  New York Times

  PUL

  Princeton University Library

  (R)

  Remarks

  RL

  Robert Lansing

  RSB

  Ray Stannard Baker

  (S)

  Speech

  SA

  Stockton Axson

  (T)

  Telegram

  TR

  Theodore Roosevelt

  (U)

  Unpublished

  WGM

  William Gibbs McAdoo

  WJB

  William Jennings Bryan

  WW

  Woodrow Wilson (W alone signifies Wilson)

  WWPL

  Woodrow Wilson Presidential Library

  1 ASCENSION

  DECEMBER 4, 1918—WW LEAVING HOBOKEN: CTG (D), Dec. 4, 1918, 53: 313–6; “President Starts Abroad,” NYT, Dec. 5, 1918, 1–2; Pollock, 221–9; EBW, 172–3; Starling, 117–21.

  WW CHARACTERIZATIONS: Cecil Harmsworth to Colonel David Flynn, Mar. 18, 1927, n.s.; Lawrence, 13, 360; Freud, 129; Evalyn Walsh McLean (U-N, privately held), n.d.; Tribble, xvii; Carroll, 41; R. B. Fosdick (D), Dec. 11, 1918, 53: 366; EAW, “Personal” (description of WW), July 28, 1912, 24: 573; EMH (D), June 10, 1919, 60: 373; George F. Kennan, “The Legacy of Woodrow Wilson,” Princeton Alumni Weekly, Oct. 1, 1974, 11; Alderman, 19, 32; WW (A), “Importance of Bible Study,” (privately published); Francis B. Sayre, Jr., to ASB (I), Sep. 30, 2001; Nancy Toy (D), Jan. 3, 1915, 32: 8; Frank I. Cobb, “WW: An Interpretation,” Mar. 4, 1921, 64: 216–29; RSB, IV: 55; CTG (press conference), Dec. 19, 1918, 53: 447; Ida Tarbell (I), c. Oct. 3, 1916, 38: 325; Walter Lippmann, “The 14 Points and the League of Nations,” Cambridge, MA (Harvard University): League of Free Nations Association, 1919 (digitized 2008); WW to Samuel Thompson, Jr., Dec. 31, 1923, 68: 515; Keynes, 38; Nicolson, Peacemaking, 79; CTG (D), May 2, 1919, 58: 332; Kissinger, 52; Clements, ix; Truman, 16; WW to D. R. Stuart, Jan. 30, 1921, 67: 105; RSB (D), Mar. 21, 1919, 56: 128.

  THE CROSSING: “With the Country’s Good Wishes,” NYT, Dec. 5, 1918, 12; R. B. Fosdick (D), cited in Hodgson, 194; W. C. Bullitt (D), Dec. 9 [10], 11, 1918, 53: 350–53n2, 367; EBW, 172–3, 174–5; CTG (D), Dec. 7, 8; R. B. Fosdick (D), Dec. 8, 12, 1918, 53: 340, 371, 384–5; “President Spends Sunday Evening in Old Navy Fashion,” The Hatchet, Pollock, 213; Clive Day to Elizabeth Day, Dec. 10, 1918, 53: 349; Isaiah Bowman (M), Dec. 10, 1918, 53: 353–6; Sragow, 65–74; EBW to family, Dec. 15, 1918, 53: 397.

  RECEPTIONS IN BREST AND PARIS: CTG (D), Dec. 13, 14, 15, 19, 21, 22, 24, 25, 1918, 53: 378–9, 382–4, 391, 439, 458–9, 467, 488–9, 502–5; EBW, 175–83, 185–8; I. Hoover, 77; “Meester Veelson,” as quoted in Dos Passos, 208–214; RSB, article draft, Nov. 29, 1920, 66: 439; EMH (D), Dec. 14, 15, 19, 21, 1918, 53: 390, 400–1, 448, 466; H. Hoover, 68–9; T. N. Page to WW, Dec. 24, 1918, 53: 494–6; E. Benham (D), Dec. 10, 21, 1918, 53: 357–8, 459–61; News report of WW (I), Dec. 18, 1918, 53: 422–30; R. B. Fosdick (D), Dec. 14, 1918, 53: 384; WW (S), Dec. 21, 1918, 53: 461–3; EBW to family, Dec. 24, 1918, 53: 499–501; WW (R), Dec. 25, 1918, 53: 505–7.

  RECEPTIONS IN LONDON AND CARLISLE: CTG (D), Dec. 26, 27, 29, 1918, 53: 508–12, 519–22, 537–41; EBW, 191–206; EBW to family, Jan. 2, 1919, 53: 591–5; “Buckingham Palace Banquet,” program, Dec. 27, 1918; WW (two S), Dec. 28 and 29, 1918, 53: 531–3, 541; Kennan, “The Legacy of Woodrow Wilson,” Princeton Alumni Weekly, Oct. 1, 1974, 11; H. Hoover, 68.

  2 PROVIDENCE

  WW ANCESTRY AND BIRTH: W family Bible (at WWPL), 1: 3; Ozment, ix; Calvin, 926; Knox, quoted in Burleigh, 154; Stalker, 243; Herman, quoting Sir Walter Scott on p. viii; Hale, 16–20; “W Visits Grandfather’s Church,” NYT, Dec. 30, 1918, 2; Thomas Woodrow to Robert Williamson, Feb. 23, 1836 [Boyhood Home of President WW, Augusta, GA]; Minutes of the Synod of South Carolina, Spartanburg, SC: Band & White, 1907, 69–78; RSB, I: 6–14; WW, “After-dinner Remarks,” Mar. 17, 1909, 19: 103; D. J. Brown, 9–15, 24, 34; MacMaster, 22; WW to C. A. Talcott (referring to “the uncle after whom I am named”), Sep. 22, 1881, 2: 81.

  STAUNTON; AUGUSTA: Waddell, 275–80; JWW to Thomas Woodrow, Apr. 27, 1857, [PUL: WW Papers, Project Records, Folder 7]; Montgomery, 19–82; WW (S), Feb. 12, 1909, 19: 33; WW, DR, 208–9, 212; JRW, “Mutual Relations of Masters and Slaves As Taught in the Bible” (Augusta, GA: Steam Press of Chronicle & Sentinel, 1861),” Jan. 6, 1861; Henry Ward Beecher, “Peace, Be Still,” Jan. 4, 1861 (American Sermons: The Pilgrims to Martin Luther King, Jr., New York: Library of America, 1999, 645–64); R. L. Dabney, Discussions Evangelical and Theological (Harrisonburg, VA: Sprinkle Publications, 1962, IV: 180; Henry Louis Gates, Jr., and John Stauffer, “A Pragmatic Precedent,” NYT, Jan. 19, 2009, A25; RSB, I: 30, 31, 33, 36, 38–9, 42–7, 51–2; Jefferson Davis recalled in JD (D), Apr. 30, 1917, 42: 168; Bailey, 80; ASL, “W’s Imaginary World,” 1: 20–2; WW to L. I. M. Wylie (re: Uncle Remus), Dec. 15, 1916, 40: 169; Weinstein, 15–9; WW (S), Oct. 24, 1914, 31: 222; CTG (D), May 27, 1919, 59: 528; Helen Bones to RSB, July 2, 1915 [RSB Papers: PUL]; Jessie Bones Brower to RSB, May 9, 1926 [RSB Papers: PUL]; Samuel G. Blythe, “A Talk with the President,” Saturday Evening Post, Jan. 9, 1915 [Dec. 5, 1914], 31: 395–6; WW, Talk to Washington Y. M. C. A., Jan. 26, 1915, 32: 126; WW (R), Apr. 21, 1915, 33: 49–50; WW to EAW, Apr. 19, 1888, 5: 719; WW to W. J. Hampton, Sep. 15, 1917, 44: 199; Freud,
10, 12, 66; WW (S, re: Robert E. Lee), Jan. 19, 1909, 18: 631–5; Northen, 354; WW (A), Dec. 10, 1915, 35: 329–36.

  COLUMBIA: Lucas, 83–94; Moore, 203–4, 224; WW, DR, 252, 268, 278; WW, History, V: 46–9; Foner, xix–xxii, 461–9; Mencken, 171–6; Brinkley, 413–6; n.a., WW Family Home Interpretation Supplement, Historic Columbia Foundation, June 6, 2005, 1–9; RSB, I: 59–60, 64, 66–7, 71; WW, When a Man, 1, 2, 37; Jessie W. Bones, cited in RSB, I: 57; parsing Webster: CTG (D), May 27, 1919, 59: 528; ASL (N), 1: 20–2; Mulder, 255.

  DAVIDSON: Davidson College Catalogue: 1874–1875; WW (N), c. Sep. 29, 1873, 1: 30–31; Minutes of Eumenean Society, November 7 and 21, 1873, Jan. 3, Mar. 27, 1874, 1: 35 and 36–7, 39–40, 42; WW, When a Man, 2–3; Beaty, 86–7, 128–37, 233–4; “in the service of the Devil,” cited in Henry W. Bragdon, “The WW Collection,” Princeton University Library Chronicle, Nov. 1945 (VII: 1), 8; Walter L. Lingle, “WW at Davidson College,” Davidson College Bulletin, Dec. 15, 1933, n.p.; JWW to WW, May 20, 1874, 1: 50.

  WILMINGTON: JWS and EWM to RSB (re: McCosh), cited in RSB, I: 84; White, 58–67; WW, “Rules and Regulations,” ca. July 1, 1874, 1: 54–56; John Bellamy to RSB, cited in RSB, I: 79; David Bryant to RSB, cited in RSB I: 78; RSB, I: 23.

  3 EDEN

  PRINCETON HISTORY: Perry, 134–8; WW, “Princeton Sesquicentennial,” NY Tribune, 10: 9–10; “Princeton in the Nation’s Service” (S), Oct. 21, 1896, 10: 11–31; Link, 8; Oberdorfer, 22–35, 43, 58; Rhinehart, 4–7, 35–7; Leitch, 301–4, 425; WW, “The Personal Factor in Education,” Sep. 12, 1907, 17: 325–33; Bragdon, 19; Hoeveler, 233–43; RSB, 1: 83.

  WW’S ARRIVAL AT PRINCETON; FIRST YEAR: Hoeveler, 29, 263; Catalogue of the College of New Jersey for the Academical Year 1875–’76, 18–22; WW to Hiram Woods, Jr., Aug. 10, 1876, 1: 175n1; Robert McCarter, quoted in Bragdon, 21–2; RSB, I: 82, 86–8; WW, ML, 68, 113; Briggs, 197–202; Edmund Burke, quoted in Prior, 142–3; WW, “Notebooks,” c. Jan. 1, 1876, 1: 76; WW to EAW, Apr. 22, 1884, 3: 144; WW, “My Journal” (shorthand D), June 3, 1876, 1: 130–2, 134, 140, 142, 145–9, 153, 166, 221; WW, “Index Rerum,” 1: 87–127.

  SUMMER, 1876; THRIVING AT PRINCETON: WW, “A Christian Statesman,” Sep. 1, 1876, 1: 188–9; WW, “My Journal,” 1: 157, 190–1, 193, 217, 400–1; ASL (N), 1: 441n1; WW, “The Ideal Statesman,” 1: 241–5; WW, “Bismarck,” 1: 325–8; RSB, I: 94; WW, articles in The Princetonian, 1: 336–7, 402–405, 460, 461–3, 467; WW’s voice described by Robert Bridges, “A Personal Tribute,” Fifty Years of the Class of 1879, Princeton, NJ: (privately printed) Princeton University Press, 1931, 1; WW, “Constitution of the Liberal Debating Club,” 1: 245–9; C. A. Talcott, Minutes of Liberal Debating Club, Mar. 31, 1877, 1: 255; Leitch, 380; Bragdon, 35–41 (McCarter, quoted on page 35); JWW to WW, Nov. 20, 1878, 1: 435; WW to JRW, May 23, 1877, 1: 265–6; JRW to WW, Jan. 14, 1878, 1: 340–1; JWW to WW, Jan. 22, 1878, 1: 342; JRW to WW, Jan. 25, 1878, 1: 345–6.

  PRINCETON—“WITHERSPOON GANG” AND UPPERCLASS YEARS: JWW to WW, Feb. 16, l877, 1: 250; Rhinehart, 25–6; WW, quoted in “Function of Universities,” Boston Evening Transcript, Jan. 3, 1903, n.p.; WW to EAW, Oct. 30, 1883, 1: 499–505; Bridges, op. cit., 3, 6; JRW to WW, Dec. 10, 1878, 1: 441; Leitch, 146; McCarter, quoted in Bragdon, 40; WW, “Review of Green’s ��A History of the English People,’” May 2, 1878, 1: 373–5; RSB, I: 196; WW, “My Journal,” Nov. 6, 1876, 1: 221; WW, DR, 283–7; C. A. Talcott, Minutes of Liberal Debating Club, Apr. 5, 1877, 1: 255–7; ASL (N), “Cabinet Government in the United States,” 1: 492–3; WW’s grades recorded in WW (N), 1: 444n1; WW to W. M. Sloane (draft of letter), c. Dec. 5, 1883, 2: 566–9; WW, “Cabinet Government in the United States,” International Review, VI (Aug. 1879), 1: 493–510; JRW to WW, Feb. 25 and Mar. 11, 1879, 1: 459–60 and 464; WW (N), “Wordsworth,” May 14, 1879, 1: 481–4; WW, editorials, 1: 467–71.

  COMMENCEMENT: ASL (N) re: Lynde Debate, 1: 145; JRW to WW, Mar. 20 and Apr. 17, 1879, 1: 466 and 477; WW, Notebook, June 19, 1876, 1: 143; C. A. Talcott to WW, May 21, 1879, 1: 484; JWW to WW, May 13, 1879, 1: 479–80; WW to C. A. Talcott, July 7, 1879, 1: 487–8; “business card” described by Mary Hoyt, quoted in RSB, I: 104.

  4 SINAI

  WILMINGTON; CHARLOTTESVILLE: WW, When a Man, 7–9; WW to Robert Bridges, July 30, Sep. 4, and Nov. 7, 1879, 1: 489–90, 539–42, and 580–3; WW, “Self-Government in France,” Sep. 11, 1879, 1: 515–39; WW to EAW, Oct. 30, 1883, 2: 500; WW (N), Marginalia, re: Minor on slavery, c. Nov. 10, 1879, 1: 583; Hiram Woods, Jr., to WW, Oct. 28, 1879, 1: 580; “Collegiana,” Virginia University Magazine, XIX (Dec. 1879), 190–5, 1: 588; RSB I: 112–3, 119; Minutes of Jefferson Society, Mar. 6, 1880, 1: 608; WW, “John Bright,” Virginia University Magazine (Mar. 1880), 354–70, 1: 608–21; WW, “Mr. Gladstone, A Character Sketch,” Virginia University Magazine (Apr. 1880), 401–26, 1: 624–42; “Collegiana,” ibid., 643–6; J. W. Mallet to J. F. B. Beckwith, May 3, 1880, 1: 651; Bruce, 80; ASL (N), “W’s Debate with William Cabell Bruce,” 1: 652; JRW to WW, May 6, June 5 and 7, Oct. 5, 1880, 1: 654, 658 and 659–60, 682; WW to C. A. Talcott, Dec. 13, 1879, and May 20, 1880, 1: 591–3 and 1: 655–8; WW to Robert Bridges, Sep. 4, 1879, Aug. 22, and Sep. 18, 1880, 1: 539–42, 671–4, and 675–8; WW to Harriet Woodrow, c. Apr. 14 and Oct. 5, 1880, 1: 647–50 and 678–82; JWW to WW, June 5 and Aug. 23, 1880, 1: 659 and 674; Marion Bones to WW, June 14, 1880, 1: 660; WW, “Constitution and By-Laws of the Jefferson Society,” Dec. 4, 1880, 1: 688–99; JWW and JRW to WW, Dec. 14, 1880, 1: 701; ASL (N), “W’s Withdrawal from the University of Virginia,” 1: 704.

  RETURN TO WILMINGTON; PROPOSES TO HARRIET WOODROW: WW to Robert Bridges, Jan. 1, 1881, 2: 9–11; WW to Harriet Woodrow, Jan. 15–19, Sep. 25, and 26, 1881, 2: 12–7, 83, and 84–9; WW to R. H. Dabney, Feb. 1, 1881, 2: 17–9; RSB I: 130; Helen Welles Thackwell, “WW and My Mother,” Princeton University Library Chronicle (Autumn 1950), v. 12, 6–18.

  ATLANTA: WW to Robert Bridges, Aug. 22, 1881, and Mar. 15, Aug. 25, Oct. 28, 1882, and Jan. 4 and May 13, 1883, 2: 75–9 and 106–10, 136–8, 147–8 and 280–1 and 354–9; WW to C. A. Talcott, Sep. 22–Oct. 1, 1881, 2: 80–3; James Bones to WW, Mar. 21, 1882, 2: 111–3; E. I. Renick to WW, Jan. 15, 1882, 2: 96–7; WW, “Account of Personal Expenditures,” May–June, 1882, 2: 129–30; SA, 35; JRW to WW, Aug. 20, 1882, and Feb. 13, 1883, 2: 135–6 and 303–4; WW to R. H. Dabney, Jan. 11 and May 11, 1883, 2: 284–7 and 350–4; WW (N), “Opposing the Protective Tariff,” c. Sep. 23, 1882, 2: 139; WW, “Testimony,” Sep. 23, 1882, 2: 140–3; WW, “Draft of a Constitution for Georgia House of Commons,” c. Jan. 11, 1883, 2: 288–91; ASL (N), “W’s Practice of Law,” 2: 144–5; RSB I: 148; Thomas W. Thrash, “Apprenticeship at the Bar: The Atlanta Law Practice of WW,” Georgia State Bar Journal, v. 28, no. 3 (Feb. 1992), 149; ASL (N), “Government by Debate,” 2: 152–7; WW, “Government by Debate,” c. Dec. 4, 1882, 2: 159–275; WW to Hiram Woods, Jr., Apr. 25, 1883, 2: 340–2; WW, “Culture and Education at the South,” Mar. 29, 1883, 2: 326–32; RSB, I: 150; George C. Osborn, “WW As a Young Lawyer,” Georgia Historical Quarterly 41 (June 1957), 126–42; George Howe, Jr., to WW, May 31, 1882, 2: 131–2.

  COURTING EAW: WW to EAW, July 16, 30, Sep. 18, 27, 29, Oct. 11, 18, 30, 1883, 2: 387–90, 395–9, 427–8, 442–5, 445–7, 465–9, 480–3, 499–505; RSB I: 161; EWM, PG, 3–4; Aucella, et al., 5–6; WW to Robert Bridges, July 26, 1883, 2: 393–4; ASL (N), “W and His Caligraph,” 2: 366–8; Jessie Bones Brower to WW, July 15, 1883, 2: 386–7; JWW to WW, June 7 and 12, 1883, 2: 365 and 368–9; Battey, 36, 292; George C. Osborn, “Romance of WW and Ellen Axson,” North Carolina Historical Review 39 (Winter 1962), 32–57; ASL (N), “The Engagement,” 2: 426–7; WW, When a Man, 10; WW to S. E. Axson, Sep. 19 and 24, 1883, 2: 430–1 and 436; SA, 91.

  BALTIMORE AND JOHNS HOPKINS: D. C. Gilman, “Inaugural Address,” Feb. 22, 1876; WW, “Application,” Johns Hopkins University, Sep. 18, 1883, 2: 429–30; WW to EAW, Sep. 29, Oct. 2, 16, 30, Nov. 11, 13, 20, 27, 1883, Jan. 1, 4,
16, 31, Apr. 20, June 3, 5, 25, 29, July 1, 3, 13, Oct. 7, Nov. 27, 30, Dec. 6, 7, 15, 18, 1884, Jan. 29, 1885, 2: 435–7, 445–8, 449–50, 478–80, 499–505, 523–5, 527–30, 550–3, 641–4, 644–8, 657–60, 667–8, 3: 137–9, 203–5, 208–9, 215–6, 221–3, 225, 228–30, 243–4, 337, 489–92, 498–500, 517–8, 521–25, 541–4, 552–3, 4: 196–7; WW to R. H. Dabney, May 11, 1883, and Feb. 17, 1884, Feb. 14, Oct. 28, 1885, 2: 350–4 and 3: 25–8, 4: 247–50, 5: 37–8; Bragdon, 104–5; Minutes of the Seminary of Historical and Political Science, May 8, 1884, 3: 172; WW to Robert Bridges, Dec. 15, 1883, Nov. 19, 1884, Feb. 27, 1886, 2: 585–6, 3: 464–6, 5: 26–7; John Dewey to H. W. Bragdon, July 14, 1940, quoted in Bragdon, op.cit., 111; WW, “Adam Smith” (lecture draft), c. Nov. 20, 1883, 2: 542–4, 541; WW, CG, Dedication page, and text: 5: 34–5, 132–3, 174, 179; JRW to WW, Sep. 25, 1883, Oct. 4, Nov. 6, 1883, 2: 441–2, 454–5, 519–20; EAW to WW, Jan. 28, 1884, Apr. 7, Nov. 28, 1884, 2: 664–6, 3: 115–8, 494–5; JWW to WW, Dec. 4, 1883, 2: 563–4; WW to Houghton Mifflin & Co., Apr. 4, 1884, 3: 111–2; Houghton Mifflin & Co. to WW, Apr. 28 and Nov. 26, 1884, 3: 149 and 486; SA, 91, 103; M. W. Kennedy to WW, Apr. 15, 1884, 3: 130–1; ASL (N), “Ellen’s Visit to Wilmington and Her Trip with Woodrow to Washington and New York,” 3: 329–30; WW to Albert Shaw, Feb. 21, 1885, 4: 274–6.

  CONGRESSIONAL GOVERNMENT; JOB OFFERS: WW to EAW, Apr. 27, Nov. 8, Dec. 10, 1884, Jan. 24, Feb. 20, June 16, 1885, 3: 414–5, 529–30, 4: 3–5, 271–2, 532, 719; WW, CG, Dedication page; JRW to WW, Jan. 30, Mar. 17, 1885, 4: 208, 377; JWW to WW, Mar. 17, 1885, 4: 376; Bragdon, 135–7; Albert Shaw, “CG,” Minneapolis Daily Tribune, Feb. 15, 1885, 4: 284–6; RSB, I: 236.