by Steve Coll
corruption in, 125, 190, 218
I.S.I. and, 214–16, 221, 308, 315, 425–26, 428, 646–47
in talks with Taliban, 216–17
2014 election and, 649–50, 651
National Enquirer, 78
National Geospatial Agency, 219
National Intelligence Council, 374
National Intelligence Estimates, 246, 287, 288, 336, 348, 511, 569–70, 641–42
National Military Hospital, 496
National Security Agency, 26, 32, 219, 246, 247, 257–58, 308, 323, 376, 391, 444, 499, 517, 575, 638–39
information on Al Qaeda sought by, 77–78
National Security Council (N.S.C.):
Bush administration, 36, 83, 93, 130, 131, 183, 185, 196, 202, 256–58, 266–68, 269, 271, 278, 296, 299, 309, 310–13, 318, 330, 333, 340
Obama administration, 83, 312, 355, 361, 363, 377, 393, 400–404, 420, 423, 433, 438, 446, 455, 473, 494–96, 509, 625, 645, 650, 666, 681; see also Conflict Resolution Cell
National Security Forces, Afghan, 607–8
N.A.T.O., 335, 336, 361, 365, 424, 473, 577, 642, 665, 681, 683
Afghanistan forces of, see International Security Assistance Force
Brussels war strategy meeting of, 368–70
Naval Strategic Forces Command, 656
Navy, Pakistan, 152, 654, 655
Navy, U.S., 110, 169
Navy SEALs, 105, 118, 141, 161, 243–44, 393, 575
beatings by, 143
Bin Laden killed by, 541, 546–47, 556
Navy Strategic Forces Command, 655
Naylor, Sean, 125, 127
Nazis, 574
Nepal, 214
Netherlands, 463
Neumann, Ronald, 257–59
Newsweek, 278
New York Times, 318, 359, 392
New Zealand, 126
Nicholson, Mick, 311–12
Nigeria, 661, 678
Nixon, Richard, 430, 432, 486
Nixon administration, 154
Noor, Atta Mohammad, 79, 382, 386, 650–51
Noori, Mullah Norullah, 507
Noorzai, Bashir, 68, 138–40, 141, 142, 701
Noorzai tribe, 224
North Africa, 553, 554
Northern Afghanistan Liaison Team, 80
Northern Alliance, 23, 40, 56, 59, 68, 90, 100, 116, 117, 121, 154, 184, 191, 381, 427, 434, 449, 576, 648
Al Qaeda’s battle with, 68
in drive on Kabul, 81, 82, 90, 91, 92, 93–94, 102, 115
Grenier’s doubts about alliance with, 91
India’s alleged influence over, 153–54
intelligence wing of, 81, 88
and Karzai’s appointment as interim leader, 101
North Waziristan, 155–56, 220, 229, 231, 238, 243, 246, 261, 284, 308, 320, 325, 338, 355–56, 369, 460, 462, 530–32, 534, 575, 707
Northwest Frontier Province, 155, 230, 551
Norway, 126
Nosenko, Yuri, 167
Not a Good Day to Die (Naylor), 125
Nuristani, Ahmad Yusuf, 650
Obama, Barack, 350, 365, 368, 401, 566, 625, 664, 681
Afghanistan coup as concern of, 651
and Afghanistan election of 2009, 379, 383, 385
and Afghanistan election of 2014, 653
Afghanistan/Pakistan strategy announced by, 363–64, 365–67
Afghanistan surge and withdrawal announced by, 407–8, 409, 420, 466, 510, 669, 716
Afghanistan visited by, 314–16, 434–35, 629–30
Bin Laden’s killing announced by, 557
and corruption in Afghanistan, 494
and drone campaign, 338, 355–56, 535
in election of 2008, 321, 337
and hunt for Bin Laden, 541, 546–47
Islamic State added to counterterrorist mission by, 677
Karzai’s meetings with, 315–16, 364, 409–10, 434, 524–25, 539–40, 629–30, 633
and Karzai’s visit to Washington, 453, 454, 455
Kayani’s meeting with, 501
and negotiations with Taliban, 419–20, 447, 524–25, 539–40, 564–65, 626, 630, 638
Petraeus put in charge of Afghanistan mission by, 473–74
positive spin on Afghanistan by, 511–12
on relationship with Pakistan, 557–58
Obama administration, U.S. commitments in Afghanistan escalated by, 5, 337, 354, 365, 367, 368, 407–8, 409, 426, 486, 491
Obama’s War (Woodward), 500
Oberoi-Trident Hotel, 343
Objective Bakersfield, 483–84, 493
Office of the Defense Representatives, 151
Office of the Director of National Intelligence, 245, 401, 423
Office of the Director of Naval Intelligence, 333
Office of Management and Budget, 129, 188
Office M.O.U., 636–37, 638, 640
Office of Strategic Services, 40
Office of Terrorism Analysis, 76–77
Office of the Vice President, 333
Olson, Eric, 324
Omar, Mullah Mohammad, 56, 58, 93, 136, 138, 156, 203, 226, 242, 254, 317, 404, 417, 420, 422, 424, 430, 438, 441, 442, 446, 454–55, 467, 498, 538, 542, 637, 643
Agha as supposed spokesperson for, 140–41, 416, 418, 422, 506
in attempt to negotiate with Karzai, 140–41
background of, 66–67
Bin Laden’s alliance with, 68
on Bin Laden’s presumed innocence, 69
C.I.A.’s chance to kill, 71–76, 339, 696–97
death of, 637–38, 676, 682
Haqqani fealty to, 156
hunt for, 76, 90, 101, 111, 157, 403, 418, 430, 455, 507
I.S.I. and Saudi support for, 67
Mahmud’s negotiation with, 60–61, 62–63
and negotiations with U.S., 444, 448, 506, 508, 523–24, 564–65, 572
personality of, 68
and September 11, 68–69
Omari, Mohammad Nabi, 507
Omega Counterterrorist Pursuit Teams, 237
Omega Teams, 118, 160–61, 176, 178, 191, 209, 243, 246, 303, 311, 317, 390
101st Airborne Division, 120, 466, 570
Operation Anaconda, 125–27, 242–43
Operation Dragon Descent, 490
Operation Dragon Strike, 490
Operation Dragon Wrath, 490
Operation Enduring Freedom, 80
Operation Medusa, 228–29
Operation Mountain Thrust, 228
Operation Mountain Thunder, 205
Operation Neptune Spear, 556
Operation Snowcap, 267
Osmani, Mullah Akhtar Mohammad, 59
O’Sullivan, Meghan, 257
Pakistan, 15, 78, 352
Afghan conflict negotiations of, 89
Al Qaeda’s desire for truce with, 549
Al Qaeda’s move into, 109–10, 117, 143, 150, 152, 208, 243, 288, 340
anti-Koran–burning protests in, 539
Bin Laden’s escape to, 108–9
Clinton’s desire for partnership with, 401
Clinton’s threat to, 461–62
closing of Afghan border with, 103, 104, 107–8
corruption in, 7, 282, 290, 328, 435, 548, 667
delay in Kabul’s fall sought by, 90–91, 93, 94
drone warfare in, see drone strikes, in Pakistan
fragility of, 362
India’s wars with, 44, 45, 54, 154, 345, 558
Karzai’s negotiations with, 424–29, 433, 434, 436, 452–54, 456, 541–42, 560
lack of border control in, 199, 233
Massoud’s war against, 14
as modernizing nation, 7
mutiny in, 653
nuclear program of, 44, 45, 55, 64, 85, 90, 110, 147, 366, 402, 434, 437, 454, 455, 542, 653, 655–57
Obama’s announcement of strategy for, 363–64, 365–67
and revival of Taliban and Al Qaeda, 5
shrinking of C.I.A. presence requested by, 540–41
in “strategic dialogue” with U.S., 438–39, 449, 459–60, 461, 532
suicide bombings in, 261
Taliban supported by, 45, 47, 52, 53, 55, 57, 64, 89, 145–46, 147, 152–54, 199–200, 202, 218, 233, 268, 289, 336–37, 397–98, 400, 402, 436, 440, 522–23, 633, 635, 636, 643, 676
U.S. aid to, 151–52, 209, 328, 403, 559, 626–27
U.S. anger at, 459–60
U.S. break with, 511–12, 513–17, 558–59
U.S. mistrust of, 92, 403
U.S. restraint on, 64–65
U.S. ultimatums to, 51, 52–56, 313
Pakistanis, in Afghanistan War, 87–89
Pakistani Special Operations Task Force, 220
Pakistan Military Academy, 147
Pakistan Peoples Party, 291, 293, 295, 320, 532–33
Palestinians, 581
Panetta, Leon, 354–55, 356–59, 401, 447, 494, 495, 496, 522, 525, 526, 527, 533, 540–41, 557, 567, 568, 579–80
Panetta, Sylvia, 356
Panjshiris, 17, 21, 23, 28, 41, 81–82, 97, 99, 104, 115, 117, 122–23, 192, 203, 372, 373, 384, 683–84
in drive to Kabul, 81–82, 90, 92, 93–94, 122
Panjshir Valley, 14, 15, 16, 17, 19, 21, 22, 23, 60, 79, 80, 81–82, 92, 93, 367, 683, 685
Park, Benjamin, 468
Pasha, Ahmed Shuja, 324, 325, 326–29, 340, 346, 347, 351–52, 357, 358, 362, 403, 406, 438, 536
Afghanistan deal opposed by, 456
and Davis case, 521, 526, 527–28, 531, 547
and drone attack, 531–32, 535
history works of, 680
and hunt for Bin Laden, 549, 553, 557, 558–59
and Mumbai attacks, 460
and negotiations with Afghanistan, 424–25, 427, 428, 429, 436, 452–54, 660
Panetta’s meeting with, 447
and potential war with U.S., 452
retirement of, 630
shrinking of C.I.A. presence requested by, 540–41
in “strategic dialogue” with U.S., 438–40, 459–60, 532
U.S. disdained by, 514–15
U.S. doubts about, 513
and U.S. negotiations with Haqqani, 566–67
and U.S. negotiations with Taliban, 426, 499, 565–66, 627
on U.S.-Pakistan relationship, 558, 561
U.S. visits of, 438–40, 514–15, 540–41
Pashtun, Khalid, 139
Pashtuns, 56–57, 58, 59, 90, 91, 100, 106, 209, 210, 221, 261, 263, 285, 337, 348, 373, 381, 392, 426, 435–36, 441, 453, 578, 602, 647–48
Passaro, David, 165–66, 179–81
Pataudi, Sahibzada, 630–31
Patterson, Anne, 271, 293, 295, 318, 347, 362, 400, 403, 681
Pavitt, James, 28, 172
Pelosi, Nancy, 272
Pence, Mike, 682
Pentagon, 4, 30
Perle, Richard, 183
Persistent Threat Detection Systems, 475
Peru, 267
Peshawar, Pakistan, 58, 87, 91, 94, 96, 120, 156, 188, 215, 218, 221, 230, 287, 554
Petraeus, David, 258, 304, 324, 325, 331, 333, 354, 363, 367, 369, 380, 387, 388, 393, 400, 401, 405, 407, 409, 419, 430, 431, 448, 466, 472, 480–89, 502, 564, 583, 591, 598, 681
on Afghanistan progress, 497
Allen briefed on Afghanistan by, 595–96
Bordin’s criticism of, 593–94
and corruption in Afghanistan, 495–97
drone strikes supported by, 535–36, 568–69
Karzai’s disdain for, 491–92, 525
lack of Afghanistan experience of, 486–87
made head of C.I.A., 567–68
optimism on Afghanistan of, 509, 510, 569–70
put in charge of Afghanistan mission, 473–74, 486
Sunni awakening in Afghanistan attempted by, 488
and U.S. negotiations with Taliban, 498–99, 503
Phil (C.I.A. officer), 11, 12
Plan Afghanistan, 273–79
Plan Colombia, 270, 271, 276, 278, 282, 401, 532
Plan Pakistan, 629
Podesta, John, 537, 681
Poland, 126, 641
Political Office of the Afghan Taliban, 637, 638
poppy cultivation, 225–26, 266–79, 333
Porch, Douglas, 203–7
Powell, Colin, 57, 64, 90, 502, 537
and assassination attempts against Musharraf, 201–2
Pakistan ultimatums drafted by, 52
on September 11, 32, 51
Powell, Nancy J., 200
Prado, Ric, 84–85, 169, 173
Priest, Dan, 249
Prince, Erik, 122
Principals Committee, 270, 310–11, 367, 509–10, 557
prisoner exchanges, 505, 506–7, 578, 579–80, 582–84, 628, 629, 632
Provincial Reconstruction Teams, 205, 301, 606
Punjab, 326, 343
Punjabis, 218, 219, 230
Qanooni, Yunus, 132, 154
Qatar, 76, 375, 504, 523–24, 538, 563, 579, 580, 581, 582, 583, 584, 626, 633, 636–37, 638, 639, 640, 647, 682
Quetta, Pakistan, 44, 59, 60, 99, 138, 141, 142, 145, 147, 152, 161, 202, 221, 225, 233, 302, 341, 369, 372, 437, 523, 535, 560, 615
Quetta Shura, 141, 199, 215, 289, 290, 341, 358, 399–400, 418–19, 421, 422, 426, 441, 460, 503
Rabbani, Burhanuddin, 576, 582, 629
Rafiq, Zeeshan, 653–54, 655, 657–60
Rahman, Gul, 177
Ramadan, 608, 609, 618–19, 620
Rapid Aerostat Initial Deployment (R.A.I.D.), 475–76, 482
Rashid, Ahmed, 55, 145
Rassoul, Zalmai, 372, 648–49
Rauf, Rashid, 235, 236, 237, 239, 706
Rawalpindi, Pakistan, 51, 55, 58, 88, 148, 150, 201, 233, 243, 294, 314, 410, 526, 627
Raziq, Abdul, 302
Red Team research project, 591–92, 594
Reed, Jack, 187, 188
Rehman, Ibad ur, 518–19, 520
Rehman, Sherry, 294, 626
Reid, Jack, 314
Reid, John, 225
renditions, 27, 167–68, 175
Research and Analysis Wing (R.A.W.), 51, 356, 428
Revolutionary Armed Forces of Colombia (F.A.R.C.), 266–67, 268, 678
Rice, Condoleezza, 170, 183, 186, 218, 231, 272, 282, 283, 297–98, 302–3, 304–6, 329
Rice, Susan, 401
Richards, Marie, 330
Riedel, Bruce, 363–67, 370, 394, 400
Rizzo, John, 174
Roberts, Neil, 127
rocket attacks, 163–64
Rocketi, Abdul Salam, 155
Rodriguez, David, 306
Rodriguez, Jose, 85, 121, 174, 177, 207, 238, 245, 248
made C.T.C. director, 172–73
Rohde, David, 359
Rolling Stone, 473
Romania, 463
Rosenberg, Matthew, 652
Rossini, Mark, 37
Roy, Avijit, 661
Royal Dragoon Guards, 613
Rubin, Barnett, 129–30, 379, 415–18, 420, 423, 429, 434, 436, 443, 447, 448, 580, 626, 630–31, 632, 639
Ruggiero, Frank, 471, 503, 505–6, 508, 509, 513, 523–24, 539, 562, 563–64, 565, 582, 681
Rumsfeld, Donald, 79, 80, 98, 167, 176, 183, 244, 258, 332
Afghanistan planning exercis
e initiated by, 184
and building of Afghan National Army, 134, 135
and civilian casualties, 73–74, 75
Franks ordered to plan Iraq War by, 102
in refusal to negotiate with Taliban, 101, 140, 143
on September 11, 32
troop numbers in Afghanistan limited by, 106, 125–26
Russia, 15, 18, 22, 122, 154, 192, 375, 655
Saboor, Abdul, 604, 606, 617, 670–71, 672, 674–75
Sadat, Anwar, 317
Saeed, Hafez, 342, 346
Sageman, Marc, 609–10, 611–24, 681, 706, 725
Salangi, Mohammad Ayub, 670, 673–74
Saleh, Amrullah, 88, 125, 215–17, 218, 221, 259, 315, 372, 406, 435, 457, 646, 650, 682
aerial spraying opposed by, 275–76
background of, 14–15
C.I.A. equipment received by, 11, 12, 13–14, 18, 694
C.I.A. supported in Panshir by, 81
C.I.A. training course attended by, 12–13
humanitarian operations studied by, 15
I.S.I. suspicions of, 198, 222
made head of N.D.S., 191, 192
and Massoud’s death, 21, 22–23, 28
militias recruited by, 118
and National Consultative Peace Jirga attack, 458–59
Pakistan deal opposed by, 456
and Pakistan negotiations, 424–26, 427, 429
resignation of, 458–59, 645
on September 11, 40–41
Taliban insurgency predicted by, 217
at Taliban peace negotiations, 15
and Taliban retreat from Kabul, 93
threat to office of, 435–36
in weapons request to Blee, 22–23, 28
Salt Pit, 176–77
Sarwari, Muhammad Arif, 18–19, 20, 88, 95, 682
C.I.A. supported in Panshir by, 81
corruption accusations against, 124–25
gems sold by, 122–23
Karzai’s firing of, 190–92, 198
made head of N.D.S., 122, 123
and Massoud’s death, 20–21
on opening of Pakistan border, 145
and Taliban retreat from Kabul, 93
in Washington, 123–24
Sattar, Abdul, 55
Saud al-Faisal, Prince of Saudi Arabia, 89
Saudi Arabia, 1, 34, 56, 170, 239, 243, 269, 354, 358, 393, 415, 445, 446, 503, 539, 563, 631
and creation of Afghanistan, 67
and U.S. negotiations with Taliban, 417, 419, 421–22
Sayyaf, Abdul Rasoul, 82, 118
Scheuer, Michael, 245
Schinella, Tony, 297, 333, 570
Schroen, Gary, 80, 81, 82, 92, 123, 191
Schweich, Tom, 271, 273, 277
Second Combat Brigade, 466–69, 479, 482–83, 492, 497, 536
