by Peter Byrne
Bell and, 314–16
birds-eye view metaphor for, 158–59
Bohm and, 148
Born rule and, 137, 141, 146, 150–51, 156, 309–11, 315–16, 319, 323
causality and, 156–57, 309–10
Chapel Hill conference and, 178–83
collapse theory and, 142, 145–59, 161 (see also collapse theory)
complementarity and, 114, 140, 142, 160–67
compression algorithms and, 294
Conference on the Foundations of Quantum Mechanics and, 251–61, 301
correlation and, 149–51, 156–57
correspondence principle and, 92, 154, 166, 170, 174
cosmic background radiation and, 182
decoherence theory and, 363–71 (see also decoherence theory)
determinism and, 141–42, 149, 158, 164–67
Deutsch and, 321–25, 376–79
DeWitt’s revival of, 303–4, 306–13
discoveries in astrophyics and, 182–83
entanglement and, 137–41, 146–48, 151–52, 172, 179n3, 181
entropy and, 149, 173
EPR paradox and, 172
eternal inflation and, 386–87
Everett dissertation and, 136–43
Everett@Fifty conference and, 382–84
Everett’s public explanation of, 251–57
existence of God and, 32
external observer and, 136–41, 146–57, 161, 164–67, 170–77, 329–30
Feynman and, 178
Frank and, 173–75
future events and, 150–51
Graham and, 304–7, 310–13
gravity and, 386
Groenewold and, 171–72
hibernation of, 301–3
Hilbert space and, 150
information theory and, 149, 156, 170, 173
interpretive approach and, 140
Lewis’ modal construct and, 310–11
long thesis of, 144–59, 311–12
main argument of, 138–41
measurement problem and, 145–46, 151, 157
modern views on, 386–88
Occam’s razor and, 259
parallel interpretations and, 257–59
Petersen and, 132, 162, 164, 167–71
phase space and, 150
Podolsky and, 251–57
preferred basis problem and, 156–57, 305, 310, 315, 322, 333n29, 365–66, 374
probability and, 149–51, 260–61 (see also probability)
Pugh and, 205–6
realist theory and, 373–74
relative states and, 141, 151–53, 171, 209, 216, 249, 298, 306–7, 318, 322, 328, 339, 365–67, 370, 382, 385
revival of, 301–33
role of consciousness and, 146–47, 254
Rosenfeld and, 249–51, 316–18
Savage axioms and, 379–81
Schrödinger equation and, 137, 145–46, 164
science fiction and, 301, 319–20, 360–62
solipsist position and, 147–48
splitting and, 136, 138–41, 146–57, 161, 170, 172n10, 174, 177, 255, 304–8, 324, 362, 365, 369–70, 374–76, 383–84
Stern and, 164–67
Strasbourg conference and, 329–31
string theory/cosmology
Landscape and, 386–88
superposition principle and, 135, 138–41, 146–54, 157, 172, 177, 180–81, 305, 308, 316, 328, 331, 360–62, 374–76, 381, 387, 389–94
superspace and, 328–29
universe-counting approach and, 305
Wiener and, 172–73
Mao Zedong, 21
Margenau, Henry, 110–11, 366
Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), 39, 56, 58, 190, 372
materialism, 110, 113–14, 218n7, 249, 376
Mathematical Foundations of Quantum Mechanics (von Neumann), 58, 102
mathematics, 11, 30, 36–37
Bayesian inference, 287–91
compression algorithms, 294
Fourier series, 81
Lagrange Multiplier Method, 221–23
linearity, 96n5, 368, 391
matrix algebra, 81
measurement problem and, 4–6 (see also measurement problem)
Methods of Mathematical Physics course and, 81
vector analysis, 81
matrix mechanics, 38, 62–66, 70, 77, 81, 121, 253, 389, 391–92
Matterhorn B, 127
Maxwell, James Clerk, 58–59
measurement problem, 4–6, 373
anti-realist approach and, 83
axioms and, 102–4
Bayesian Machine and, 290–91
Bohr and, 84, 87–91
Born Rule and, 100, 137, 141, 146, 150–51, 156, 255–57, 260–61, 309–11, 315–16, 319, 323, 365, 367, 371, 375, 378–80, 383, 388–89
Chapel Hill conference and, 179–83
classic experimentation and, 95–96
collapse theory and, 73, 81, 99–109 (see also collapse theory)
complementarity and, 105–8 (see also complementarity)
Cooper and, 302–3
decoherence theory and, 363–71 (see also decoherence theory)
defined, 392
entanglement and, 138 (see also entanglement)
entropy and, 158–59
experiment design and, 105–6
free will and, 106–8
Heisenberg uncertainty principle and, 96–97
indeterminism and, 96–97
information theory and, 158–59
many worlds theory and, 145–46, 151, 157
probability and, 158–59
Schrödinger and, 83, 99–101
superposition principle and, 87–101 (see also superposition)
two-slit experiment and, 92–93
van Vechten and, 302
Xavier conference and, 251–61
“Measurements in Objective Quantum Theory” (Belinfante), 317–19
Memoirs (Sakharov), 199
“Men Like Gods” (Wells), 360
mentalist approach, 101, 373–74
Merck Corporation, 296
Mersini-Houghton, Laura, 385, 387–88
Mietner, Lise, 121
military. See also nuclear warfare; operations research
arms manufacturers and, 129, 197
arms race and, 74, 129, 193–94, 197–99, 213–15, 227–37
Department of War and, 191
first strike and, 195–97, 227–46, 281–83, 292–93
Gaither Commission and, 193–94
Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) and, 191–92, 212, 214, 264, 268, 277, 296, 301n3
Joint Chiefs of Staff and, 227, 232, 235, 238, 242, 244, 268
missile gap and, 193–94, 213–15, 228, 235
nuclear holocaust and, 198, 204, 228n3, 245, 285
Strategic Air Command (SAC) and, 195, 205, 228–29, 235, 238–39, 242–45, 292
Wargasm and, 74, 196, 235–40, 245, 394
WSEG and, 191 (see also Weapons Systems Evaluation Group (WSEG))
“Military Planning in an Uncertain World” (Kahn), 197
Miller, Henry, 271
Mills, C. Wright, 125–26
mini-max equilibrium, 62–63
Minneapolis Tribune, 192
Minuteman missiles, 235, 283
Misner, Charles W., xii-xiii, 7, 57, 161, 218, 221, 356
background of, 82
Chapel Hill conference and, 180–83
Einstein and, 131–32
many worlds theory and, 132, 322
“The Nature of Time” conference and, 266
pictures of, 82f, 220f, 350f
quantum physics and, 83, 89–90
Weapons Systems Evaluation Group (WSEG) and, 192
Misner, Susanne (Kemp), 218, 220f, 221, 314, 322, 337
missile gap, 193–94, 213–15, 228, 235
modelism, 197
Modern Science and its Philosophy (Frank), 174
Mohr, Ralph, 30
momentum, 60, 97, 142n22,
146, 150, 157, 180, 305, 391–94
Monowave, 341
moral values, 298
Morgenstern, Oskar, 56, 61–62, 73, 128, 383
Morse, Wayne, 272
Mott, Nevill Francis, 99–100
multiple nuclear war head missiles (MIRVs), 129
multiverse, 5–6, 269, 331, 367, 392. See also many worlds theory
Bayesian statistics and, 290–91
DeWitt, 305, 309
Everett/Wheeler issues and, 148, 151, 153, 157–58
Oxford Everettians and, 376–88
Music of Morning (Kennedy), 17–19
mutually assured destruction (MAD), 68–71, 231, 293
Nagasaki, 10, 41, 191
Nash, John Forbes, 56, 65–66, 75, 83n5
Nash equilibrium, 69
National Advanced Research Projects Laboratory, 213
National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), 251, 387
National Guard, 13
National Intelligence Estimates, 227
National League of American Pen Women, 20
National Military Command System, 239
National Negro Labor Council, 212
National Research Council, 119
National Science Foundation, 39, 90
National Security Agency (NSA), 4, 212, 266, 277–78, 295, 301n3
National Security Memorandum, 193
National Strategic Target List, 242
Nature magazine, 5, 355, 382
“Nature of Time, The” (conference), 266–67
Natuurkundig Laboratorium, 171
Nazis, 121–23, 130
negentropy, 39, 149, 392
Newman, James, 196
Newsweek, 347
Newton, Isaac, 92, 160–61, 385
New York Times, The, 117, 196, 294, 356
Nicolaidis, Kalypso, 377
Niels Bohr International Gold Medal, 129
Nin, Anais, 271
Nitze, Paul, 193
Nixon, Richard M., 3, 193
Nobel Prize, xii
Bohr and, 87
Cooper and, 302
Einstein and, 94
Feynman and, 117, 122
Gell-Mann, 371n42
Jensen and, 366
Nash and, 65, 66n13
Pauling and, 124n20, 205
Sakharov and, 199
Schelling and, 62
Schwiner and, 122
Shockley and, 192
Tomonga and, 122
Wigner and, 114
North American Air Defense Command, 190
Norton, Andre, 361
Nous journal, 369–70
NOVA, 356
nuclear blackout, 192–93
nuclear holocaust, 198, 204, 228n3, 245, 285
Nuclear Regulatory commission, 297
nuclear warfare
Armageddon and, 234–35
arms manufacturers and, 129, 197
arms race and, 74, 129, 193–94, 197–99, 213–15, 227–37
Atomic Energy Commission and, 57, 74–75, 124, 127
balance of terror and, 235
Bayesian Machine and, 287–91
Cassandra and, 289–90
closed system and, 200–1
CODE 50 and, 292–93
cost-benefit analysis and, 234–35, 282–83
Cuban missile crisis and, 270
deterrence and, 195–201, 231–36, 241, 297, 390
doctrine of limited warfare and, 129
Doomsday Clock and, 124
first strike and, 195–97, 227–46, 281–83, 292–93
fission yield and, 203–4
Gaither Commission and, 193–94
Gallup pole over, 231
game theory and, 4, 68–71, 195–201 (see also game theory)
gamma ray dosage and, 203–4
halting problem and, 200–1
JASON and, 128
Kahn and, 196–98
kill ratios and, 192 (see also kill ratios)
Lagrange Multiplier Method and, 221–23, 234, 241–42, 281–83, 292
missile gap and, 193–94, 213–15, 228, 235
mutual assured destruction and, 68–71
optimized weapon distribution and, 203
possible world futures and, 198
price of victory and, 74
psychological warfare and, 297–98
QUICK system and, 278, 281–83, 287–88, 292–93
radioactive fallout and, 128, 189, 202–5, 239, 244
Report 50 and, 215, 227–37
sharing of nuclear information and, 123–24
Single Integrated Operating Plan (SIOP) and, 238–46
Strategic Air Command (SAC) and, 195, 205, 228–29, 235, 238–39, 242–45, 292
surviving, 196–98
uranium 235
and, 121
von Neumann and, 73–75
Wheeler and, 123–30
WSEG and, 192–93 (see also Weapons Systems Evaluation Group (WSEG))
nuclear weapons
Atlas missile and, 128, 235
hydrogen bomb and, 8, 47, 56–57, 62, 70–74, 117, 127–30, 189, 199–200, 202, 238, 244, 282, 284
ICBMs and, 74, 193, 228–29
Ivy Mike and, 131
Manhattan Project and, 57, 70n2, 81, 123–24, 127, 190, 199, 289, 304
Minuteman missile and, 235, 283
Titan missile and, 235
Oak Ridge Laboratory, 56
observation. See measurement problem
Occam’s razor, 259, 302, 307
Office of Civil Defense, 278
Office of Naval Research, 72, 75–76, 126–27, 251
100 Million Lives, Maximum Survival in Nuclear War (Fryklund), 195
One World or None (Atomic Scientists), 124
“On the Electrodynamics of Moving Bodies” (Einstein), 93
“On the Hypothesis that the Schrödinger Equation is Exact (Bell), 315
On Thermonuclear War (Kahn), 64, 196
ontological argument, 23, 32–34
defined, 392
many worlds theory and, 131, 140, 145, 308, 310, 319, 368, 375
quantum world and, 91, 106
operationalism, 173–75
operations research
arms race and, 74, 129, 193–94, 197–99, 213–15, 227–37
Bayesian statistics and, 198, 287–91, 379n27, 380n30
Bell Labs and, 189–90
black budget for, 236–37
Cassandra and, 289–90
closed worlds of, 200
Cold War as product of, 190
coming of age of, 189–90
compression algorithms and, 294
cryptography and, 212, 301n3
disarmament and, 223
dualism of, 200
E-filter and, 289
first strike and, 195–97, 227–46, 281–83, 292–93
fission yield and, 203–4
Frawley and, 285
Furry and, 252n14
Gaither Commission and, 193–94
halting problem and, 200–1
Institute for Defense Analyses (IDA) and, 191–92, 212, 214, 264, 268, 277, 296, 301n3
Kahn and, 196–98
kill ratios and, 189–90, 192, 202–3, 204n4, 234, 241, 283, 295
Kuhn and, 75
Lagrange Multiplier Method and, 221–23, 234, 241–42, 281–83, 292
Lucas and, 222–23, 289, 298
Manhattan Project and, 190
missile gap and, 193–94, 213–15, 228, 235
modelism and, 197
Navy and, 191
nuclear blackout and, 192–93
nuclear holocaust and, 198, 204, 228n3, 245, 285
