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It Takes a Genome: How a Clash Between Our Genes and Modern Life is Making Us Sick

Page 24

by Greg Gibson


  familial breast cancer

  growth factors for

  pharmacogenetics and

  colon cancer

  effect of natural selection on

  genes and

  genetic mutations leading to

  lung cancer

  pharmacogenetics and

  prostate cancer

  retinoblastoma

  risk factors, calculating

  socioeconomic status and

  treatments for

  canine atopy

  carb-blockers

  cardiovascular conditions

  Carey, Drew

  Carrey, Jim

  CASP8 (breast cancer protection gene)

  CCR5 D32 mutation (HIV-related gene)

  CD-CV (common disease-common variant) model (disease susceptibility)

  CD4 molecules

  CD4+ T-cell population

  Celera Genomics

  cervical cancer

  CFTR (cystic fibrosis gene)

  CHEK2 (breast cancer susceptibility gene)

  childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia

  Churchill, Winston

  citrulline

  clinical depression. See depression

  CNV (copy number variation)

  Cobain, Kurt

  cocaine

  cocktails of HIV drug treatment

  cold chain hypothesis

  college students, pace of life for

  colon cancer

  Comaneci, Nadia

  common disease-common variant (CD-CV) model (disease susceptibility)

  complex disease. See quantitative genetics

  copy number variation (CNV)

  corn, subsidized production of

  corticosteroids

  cortisol

  Crohn's disease

  Crow, Sheryl

  CTLA4 (type 1 diabetes risk gene)

  culture, disequilibrium with genes

  CXR4 molecules

  CYP1A2 gene

  CYP2D6 (enzyme type)

  cystic fibrosis

  d

  Darwin, Charles

  Davis, Bette

  DCC1 (colon cancer susceptibility gene)

  deCODE Genetics

  dehydration, diabetes and

  Delinsky, Barbara

  dementia. See also Alzheimer's disease

  depression

  creative people afflicted with

  disequilibrium and

  environment and

  as epidemic

  forms of

  genes and

  pervasiveness of

  pharmacology of

  symptoms of

  treatments for

  Deter, Auguste

  developing nations, HIV/AIDS in

  diabetes

  disequilibrium and

  Ella Fitzgerald affected by

  forms of

  genes and

  heart attacks and

  insulin regulation and

  Jackie Robinson affected by

  pathology of

  pervasiveness of

  symptoms of

  thrifty genes hypothesis

  treatment for

  type 1 diabetes, genes and

  type 2 diabetes, genes and

  diabetic nephropathy

  diabetic neuropathy

  diabetic retinopathy

  Diamond, Jared

  Diana, Princess of Wales

  digestive system, inflammatory bowel diseases

  disease

  determining gene linkages

  genetic buffering zone and

  threshold of liability for

  disease susceptibility models

  disequilibrium

  diabetes and

  between genes and culture

  HIV origins and

  of immune system

  longevity and

  mental illness and

  DNA repair enzymes

  dog breeds, genes and

  dopamine

  Down syndrome

  DR3/DR4 gene combination

  DR4/DR9 gene combination

  DRB1*15 (multiple sclerosis-related gene)

  DRD4 gene

  Drosophila

  drugs. See also pharmacology; treatment

  addictive drugs

  AIDS treatments

  as cancer treatments

  in HIV treatment

  for weight control

  Duesberg, Peter

  Dunedin, New Zealand

  dysthymia

  dystrophin

  e

  early onset familial Alzheimer's disease

  Ebola

  eczema

  Elan Pharmaceuticals

  Eli Lilly and Company

  Emerson, Ralph Waldo

  empirical, explained

  ENPP1 (obesity-related gene)

  environment

  asthma, influence on

  cancer, role in

  depression, role in

  gene function, effect on

  genetic buffering zone, effect on

  imbalance with. See disequilibrium

  immune system, influence on

  inflammatory bowel diseases, influence on

  epidemic

  depression as

  type 2 diabetes as

  epidemiology

  Epstein-Barr virus

  ESR1 (estrogen receptor gene)

  estrogen

  breast cancer, effect on

  cancer risk, role in

  ethnic groups. See racial groups

  Evista (raloxifene)

  evolutionary, explained

  eye cancer (retinoblastoma)

  eye color, genes and

  f

  FADS2 (fatty acid digestion gene)

  familial breast cancer

  famine survival. See thrifty genes hypothesis

  Farley, Chris

  fat-burners

  feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV)

  Fen-Phen

  FGFR2 (fibroblast growth factor gene)

  Fisher, R. A.

  Fitzgerald, Ella

  FIV (feline immunodeficiency virus)

  5HTP (tryptophan to serotonin conversion drug)

  5HTT (serotonin transporter gene)

  5HTTLPR (serotonin transporter gene)

  fly genetics

  Ford, Harrison

  forensics, racial profiling

  formula-fed infants, insulin levels and

  454 Life Sciences

  FOXO (longevity-related gene)

  Fragile X syndrome

  FTO (obesity-related gene)

  g

  gamma secretase complex

  Garbo, Greta

  Gardasil

  gastrointestinal rotaviruses

  Gates Foundation

  Genentech

  genes. See also alleles; genome; mutations

  asthma and

  behavior and

  brain development and

  breast cancer growth factors

  cancer ands

  depression and

  diabetes and

  type 1 diabetes

  type 2 diabetes

  disease susceptibility models

  disequilibrium and. See disequilibrium

  dog breeds and

  early onset familial Alzheimer's disease and

  function of

  height and weight, effect on

  HIV and

  human and animal comparisons

  imperfection of

  insulin and

  intelligence and

  interrelationships among

  late onset Alzheimer's disease and

  longevity and

  lupus and

  mental illness and

  multiple sclerosis and

  natural selection and

  obesity and

  pigmentation and

  racial groups, differences among

  rheumatoid arthritis and

  spirituality and

  thrifty
genes hypothesis

  genetic buffering zone, effect of environment on

  genetic drift

  genetic mutations. See mutations

  genome

  changing nature of

  personal genome sequencing

  sequencing

  variation in

  genomewide association mapping (GWA)

  genomic conflict

  Genomics and Personalized Medicine Act of 2006

  geographic distribution of asthma rates

  gestational diabetes

  glucose

  The God Gene: How Faith Is Hardwired into Our Genes (Hamer)

  Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von

  Gorbachev, Mikhail

  Gore, Al

  gp120 (in viruses)

  growth factors for breast cancer. See also risk factors

  GSTM1 gene

  guanine

  Guevara, Ché

  GWA (genomewide association mapping)

  h

  HAART (Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy)

  hair color, genes and

  Haldane, J. B. S.

  hallucinogens

  Hamer, Dean

  hay fever

  HCP5 (HIV-related gene)

  heart attacks, diabetes and

  heart disease

  height, genes and

  Hemingway, Ernest

  HER2 (receptor)

  Herceptin (trastuzumab)

  hereditarian fallacy

  herpes virus

  high blood glucose. See hyperglycemia

  Highly Active Anti-Retroviral Therapy (HAART)

  histamines

  HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus). See also AIDS

  in developing nations

  disease progression to AIDS

  genes and

  origin of

  pathology of

  symptoms of infection

  transmission methods

  treatment for infection

  HIV-1

  HIV-2

  HLA (Human Leukocyte Antigens)

  HLA-DRB1 SE (arthritis-related gene)

  HLA-G (asthma-related gene)

  hookworms

  Hormesis Society

  Howard Hughes Foundation

  HPV (human papillomavirus)

  hSerT (serotonin transporter gene)

  Hughes, Howard

  Human Genome Project

  Human Immunodeficiency Virus. See HIV

  Human Leukocyte Antigens (HLA)

  human papillomavirus (HPV)

  humans, genetic differences from animals

  Huntington's disease

  hygiene hypothesis

  hyperadaptationism

  hyperglycemia. See also diabetes

  hypomania

  hypothalamus

  i

  Iceland, genetic research in

  IgE molecules

  IGF1 (Insulin like growth factor 1) gene

  IL-13 (asthma-related gene)

  IL4 cytokine gene

  Illumina

  imbalance. See disequilibrium

  immune system. See also AIDS; HIV; inflammatory diseases

  disequilibrium of

  hygiene hypothesis

  lack of development of

  response to pregnancy

  type 1 diabetes and

  indels

  infanticide

  infectious disease. See also AIDS; HIV

  inflammatory bowel diseases

  inflammatory diseases. See also asthma; arthritis

  bowel diseases

  cold chain hypothesis

  hygiene hypothesis

  immune disorders

  lupus

  multiple sclerosis

  pathology of

  symptoms of

  inflammatory immune disorders

  influenza

  INSIG2 (obesity-related gene)

  insulin

  production, type 1 diabetes and

  regulation

  Insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF1) gene

  insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM). See also type 1 diabetes

  intelligence (IQ), genes and

  IRAK (Interleukin Receptor Associated Kinases)

  islet beta cells

  itchy skin. See atopy

  j–k

  Jackson, Kate

  Joel, Billy

  Johnson, Magic

  Joyner-Kersee, Jackie

  juvenile diabetes. See type 1 diabetes

  Kafka, Franz

  Kaposi's sarcoma

  Kennedy, John F.

  ketones

  kidneys, diabetes and

  Kimura, Motoo

  kindling theory

  KITLG (hair color gene)

  Knudson, Alfred

  Kraepelin, Emil

  Kroc, Ray

  l

  lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH)

  lactose tolerance

  Lane-Claypon, Janet

  large-effect mutations

  late onset Alzheimer's disease

  latrine hypothesis

  leptin

  Lewontin, Richard

  A Life Decoded (Venter)

  lifespan. See longevity

  limbic system

  Lincoln, Abraham

  linkage mapping

  Listeria

  longevity

  genes and

  reproduction and

  LPH (lactase-phlorizin hydrolase)

  lung cancer

  lupus, genes and

  lymphomas

  m

  major depressive disorder

  Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC)

  malaria

  mammograms

  mania

  manic depression. See bipolar affective disorder

  Maraviroc

  March of Dimes Research Foundation

  MC1R (weight gain gene)

  MCR4 (skin pigmentation gene)

  melanocortin

  memory loss. See Alzheimer's disease

  mental illness. See also bipolar affective disorder; depression

  disequilibrium and

  genes and

  mental retardation

  metabolic syndrome

  metabolism

  disequilibrium of

  role in type 2 diabetes

  MHC (Major Histocompatibility Complex)

  microarray analysis

  microcephalin (brain development gene)

  Minogue, Kylie

  minor depressive disorder

  modern life, stress of

  molecular clock

  molecular existentialism

  monoamine oxidase

  mood disorders. See depression; mental illness

  Moore, Mary Tyler

  multifactorial trait. See quantitative genetics

  multiple sclerosis, genes and

  Murdoch, Iris

  muscular dystrophy

  mutation-selection-drift balance

  mutations

  accumulation

  to APP (Amyloid Precursor Protein)

  cancer and

  effect of

  familial breast cancer and

  large-effect mutations

  role in cancer

  timing origin of

  myelin

  n

  natural selection

  effect on cancer-related genes

  longevity and

  mutations and

  variation and

  Neel, Jim

  nematode infestation

  Newton-John, Olivia

  nicotine

  non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). See also type 2 diabetes

  "non-self" proteins, distinguishing from "self" proteins

  The Noonday Demon: An Atlas of Depression (Solomon)

  o

  O'Connor, Basil

  Obama, Barack

  obesity. See also weight gain

  genes and

  insulin regulation and

  thrifty
genes hypothsis

  OCA2 (eye color gene)

  The Omnivore's Dilemma (Pollan)

  oncogenes

  ORMDL3 (asthma-related gene)

  Osmond, Marie

  osteoarthritis

  p

  p53 (tumor suppressor)

  The Paranoia Switch (Stout)

  pathology

  of asthma

  of diabetes

  of HIV

  of inflammatory diseases

  Paxil

  PC1 (obesity-related gene)

  PCP (pneumocystic pneumonia)

  PER3 gene

  personal genome sequencing

  Peter the Great

  pharmacogenetics, cancer and

  pharmacology of depression

  Philadelphia (film)

  philanthropy

  pigmentation, genes and

  plaques in brain

  pneumocystic pneumonia (PCP)

  polio

  hygiene hypothesis

  vaccines

  Pollan, Michael

  polygenic disorder. See quantitative genetics

  postnatal depression

  postnatal psychosis

  PPARG (diabetes-related gene)

  pregnancy, immune system responses to

  PREP (depression-related gene)

  prevention of AIDS

  primates, genetic differences from humans

  progeria

  prolyl endopeptidase

  prostate cancer

  proto-oncogenes

  Prozac

  PSEN1 (Alzheimer's disease-related gene)

  PSEN2 (Alzheimer's disease-related gene)

  psychological diseases

  psychotic depression

  PTPN22 (type 1 diabetes risk gene)

  pyschotherapy in treatment of depression

  q–r

  quantitative, explained

  quantitative genetics, explained

  quantitative reasoning for adaptation

  racial groups, genetic differences among

  racial profiling

  raloxifene (Evista)

  rare alleles model (disease susceptibility)

  Rb (tumor suppressor)

  Reagan, Ronald

  Relacore

  relationships, stress on

  repair enzymes in DNA

  reproduction, longevity and

  respiration, effect of inflammation on

  retinoblastoma

  Retrovir

  retroviruses

  rheumatoid arthritis, genes and

  Rice, Anne

  risk alleles, thrifty genes hypothesis

  risk factors for cancer, calculating. See also growth factors

  risky behavior, genes and

  RNA

  Robinson, Jackie

  Roosevelt, Franklin Delano

  Roosevelt, Teddy

  s

  Sadat, Anwar

  SAMe (tryptophan to serotonin conversion drug)

  satiety, regulating

  schizophrenia

  SCID (Severe Combined Immune Deficiency)

  sedentary lifestyles, role in weight gain

 

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