Bacardi and the Long Fight for Cuba
Page 59
Empresa Consolidada de Licores y Vinos (ECONLIVI)
Espín, José
Espín, Vilma
Estorch, Miguel
Estrada, Bartolo
Estrada, M. I.
Estrada Palma, Tomás
Fairbanks, Charles
Fernández, Carmen
Ferreiro, Lily
Ferrero, Guglielmo
Fisk, Daniel
Fontán, Eladio
Foraker Act
Franqui, Carlos
Freire de Andrade, Fernando
French Revolution
Frente Revolucionario Democrático (FRD)
Freyre, Ernesto
Gaillard, Ernestina
García, Calixto
García, Carlos
Gardner, Arthur
Gardner, Richard
GATT (General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade)
Genovese, Vito
Georgina (servant)
Geronimo, Chief
Godoy, José Antonio
Golden, William
Gómez, Francisco
Gómez, José Miguel
Gómez, Lionel
Gómez, Máximo
Gómez del Campo Bacardi, Luís
Gonzalez, Alejandro
Gorbachev, Mikhail
Graham, Bob
Granma
Grau, Juan
Grau San Martín, Ramón
Great Depression
Grella, Jonathan
Grey Goose vodka
Grito de Yara
Grupo Bacardi de Mexico, S.A.
Guantánamo naval base
Guatemala, CIA in
Guevara, Ernesto “Che,”
antibusiness views of
anti-U.S. views of
assassination plot against
in Castro’s government
and Communism
in guerrilla camp
Soviet Union as model for
visit to Bacardi factory
Guillén, Nicolás
Guitart, Renato
Guiteras, Antonio
Gutiérrez, Raúl
Hagedorn, Herman
Haiti, slave uprising in
Hatuey, Chief
Hatuey beer
Hatuey brewery
Havana:
as capital of Cuba
Castro’s trip to
Edificio Bacardi in
Hotel Nacional in
Mafia in
Sloppy Joe’s in
Tropicana in
U.S. Army occupation of
Havana Club International
Havana Club rum
Arechabala failure to protect trademark
as Bacardi competition
Bacardi interest in
Bacardi rum sold as
Castro government production of-
international market for
original trademark of
and Pernod Ricard
and “rum war,”
Hay, John
Hays, Wayne
Haza, Bonifacio
Hearst, William Randolph
Heller, Norman
Helms, Jesse
Helms, Richard
Helms-Burton Act
Hemingway, Ernest “Papa,”
Heredia, José María
Hermida, Reynaldo
Hernández, José
Hernández, Melba
Hernández, Pepín
Herter, Christian
Hevia, Carlos
Hiram Walker
Hitler, Adolf
Hook, Sidney
Howe, Julia Ward
Hubbard, Elbert, A Message to García
Hugo, Victor
Idral, Manuel
Inter-American Convention for Trademark Protection
International Distillers & Vintners (IDV)
International Trademark Consultants (INTRAC)
Isabella II, queen of Spain
Isle of Pines
Jacobi, Harold
Jacquillat, Thierry
Jamaica, rums of
Jefferson, Thomas
Johnson, Lyndon B.
Jorge, Antonio
Karol, K. S.
Kennedy, John F.
Kennedy, Robert F.
Khrushchev, Nikita
Kirkpatrick, Lyman
La Escalera, conspiracy of
La Giraldilla
Lamont, Corliss
Lansky, Meyer
las Casas, Bartolomé de
Laurent, Emilio
Lavigne, Mariano
Lay Berlucheau, María
Lay Lombard, Pedro
Lee, Fitzhugh
Lenin. I.
Letelier, Orlando
Lodge, Henry Cabot
López-Fresquet, Rufo
Lorraine, Sir Lambton
Los Tigres
Lovestone, Jay
Luce, Clare Boothe
Luciano, Charles “Lucky,”
Maceo, Antonio
death of
and Emilito
and Martí
and race
in uprisings against Spain
Machado, Gerardo
Mack, Connie
McKinley, William
Mafia
Magoon, Charles
Mallin, Jay
María Cristina, Queen (regent)
Mármol, Guillermo
Martí, José
Cuban Revolutionary Party founded by
death of
El presidio político en Cuba by
revolutionary ideals of
and uprisings against Spain
on U.S. threat
Martín Elena, Eduardo
Martínez, Marcos
Martínez, Ramón
Martínez Betancourt, Francisco
Martínez Campos, Arsenio
Martini & Rossi
Marx, Karl
Marxism
Mas Canosa, Jorge
Masferrer, Rolando
Masó, Bartolomé
Matamoros, Alfonso
Matos, Huber
Matthews, Herbert
Matusalem rum
Mendieta, Carlos
Mendive, Rafael María de
Merino rum
Mestre, Abel
Mexico:
Aztecs in
Bacardi facilities in
maguey grown in
molasses in
turnaround in
Mies van der Rohe, Ludwig
Mills. Wright
Minera Occidental Bosch, S.A.
Miranda, Augusto “Polo,”
Miró Cardona, José
molasses:
and congener production
fertilizer from
and grain alcohol (ethanol)
rum made from
sucrose content of
Molina, Gabriel
Moncada, Guillermo
Moore, George S.
Moreau, Amalia
children of
death of
and family business
marriage of Facundo and
slaves owned by
Moreno Fraginals, Manuel
Morgenthau, Hans
Movimiento 26 de Julio (M-26-7)
Movimiento Revolucionario del Pueblo (MRP)
Mujal, Eusebio
Muñoz Marín, Luis
National Ballet of Cuba
Nelson, Paul
New York Times
Nielsen, Edwin (Eddy)
Nielsen, Edwin Sr.
Nixon, Richard M.
Nunes, John
O’Brien, Robert
Ojeda, Fernando
Oliva, Erneido
Olmedo, José
Oltuski, Enrique
Operation Mongoose
Operation Peter Pan
Organization of American States (OAS)
Ortega, Manolo
Ortiz, Fernando
Ortiz, Roberto
Padró, Thomas
Padura, Leonardo
Panama Canal
Pan American Airways
Paniagua, Tulio
Parreño, Alberto
Parrish, Maxfield
Patterson, Bill
Payá, Oswaldo
Pazos, Felipe
Pazos, Javier
Peláez, Orfilio
Perdomo, Luis
Pérez Carbó, Federico
as city clerk
and Freethinker Group
friendship with Emilio
“¡Maldición!” by
revolutionary activities of
on U.S. inconstancy
wounded in battle
Pérez Roque, Felipe
Pernod Ricard
Philippines:
U.S. colonial administration in
war with Spain
Phillips, Ruby Hart
phylloxera pest
Pirko, Tom
Pizarro, Francisco
Platt, Orville
Platt Amendment
Ponce de León, Juan
Portell Vilá, Herminio
Porter, Charles O.
Posada Carriles, Luis
Prado, Juan
Priki (neighbor)
Prío, Carlos
Prohibition
Puerto Rico:
Bacardi Corporation in
Bacardi rum produced in
independence movement in
native rum industry in
political position of
rum market in
as Spanish colony
as U.S. territory
Puig, Manolo
Puig, Rino
Pulitzer, Joseph
Quesada, Gonzalo de
Radio Martí
Ramonet, Ignacio
Ramos Latour, René
Rasco, José Ignacio
Ray, Manolo
Reich, Otto
Reid, George
Representación Cubana del Exilio (RECE)
Ribalaigua, Constantino “Constante,”
Ricard, Patrick
Risquet, Jorge
Rivas Betancourt, Pablo
Robles, Marco
Roca, José Antonio
Rodríguez, Fausto
Rodríguez, Guillermo
Rodríguez, Gustavín
Rodríguez, Jorge
Rodríguez, Rubén
Rodríguez Bacardi, Gustavo
Rogan, James
Roig de Leuchsenring, Emilio
Ronrico rum
Roosevelt, Alice
Roosevelt, Theodore
Root, Elihu
Rosado, Pío
Ros-Lehtinen, Ileana
Rough Riders
Royal Bank of Canada
Ruiz, Rodolfo
rum:
aging of
aguardiente
Bacardi, see Bacardi rum
charcoal filtration of
in cocktails
“common,”
Cuban-style
domestic market for
international market for
market fluctuations for
from molasses
other nations producing
production of
sipping
and sugar industry
rum runners
Russia:
corruption in
trade with Cuba
Saco, José Antonio
Sagasta, Práxedes
Saladrigas, Carlos
Salvador, David
Sampson, William
Sánchez, Celia
Sánchez, Ignacio
Sánchez Arango, Aureliano
Santiago de Cuba:
Amelia Comas Bacardi’s return visit to
Bacardi Company in, see Bacardi & Compañía
and Bacardi family history
Bacardi family property in
Bacardi museum in
carnival in
Catalan colony in
Círculo Español in
cultural life in
divided population of
earthquake in
economic hardship in
elections in
Emilio as mayor of
Emilio’s history of
ethnic mix in
Fiesta de la Bandera
firing squads in
founding of
independence movement in
Masonic lodge of
modernization of
Moncada barracks in
postwar reconstruction of
return visits to
and second independence war
and Spanish-American War
U.S. military occupation of
and violence of Batista regime
Santo Domingowar in
Savigne, Francisco “Don Pancho,”
Scheindlin, Shira
Schenley Distillers Corporation
Schlesinger, Arthur
Schueg, Enrique:
aging
and Bacardi family business
as Bacardi president
and corrupt government
death of
family background of
health problems of
hiring of
marriage of Amalia and
personal traits of
and political activism
and product promotion
and Spanish-American War
and trademark protection
and U.S. market
Schueg Bacardi, Arturo
Schueg Bacardi, Enriqueta
death of
and family business
flight to U.S.
marriage of Pepín and
Schueg Bacardi, Jorge
Schueg Bacardi, Lucía
Schueg Bacardi, Victor
Seagram liquor empire
Section 211, Omnibus Appropriations Act
Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC)
Shackley, Ted
Shafter, William R.
Sierra Manifesto
Sinatra, Frank
Sixto (muleteer)
Slade, Jonathan
Smith, Earl
Smoot-Hawley Tariff Act
Somoza, Anastasio
Soviet Union:
advisors from
and Cuban missile crisis
Cuban trade with
dissolution of
as Guevara’s model
selling rum in
state socialism in
tourists to Cuba from
Spain:
Bacardi franchise in
colonies of
Pacto del Zanjón
puritanical attitude of
reign of terror by
U.S. war with
Stalin, Joseph
Stevenson, Robert Louis
Stone, Richard
Student Revolutionary Directorate
Suárez Fernández, Miguel
Suárez Rivas, José
sugar industry:
in Brazil
burning of plantations
in Cuba
government takeover of
labor unrest in
market price fluctuations in
in Mexico
and rum production
slavery in
and U.S. market
Taber, Robert
Taft, William Howard
Taino Indians
Teller, Edward
Teller Amendment
Title III, Helms-Burton bill
Toral, José
Torno, Noah
Trafficante, Santo Jr.
Trans-Cuba
Triangle Trade
Trujillo, Rafael
United States:
alcohol trade in
“annexationists” in
and anti-Americanism
anti-Castro views in
Bacardi subsidiary in
and Bay of Pigs
campaign finance laws in
and Castro’s rise to power
Cuban expatriates in
and Cuban missile crisis
Cuban occupation by
distributors in
and Guantánamo naval base
hegemony of
intervention in Cuba
Neutrality Act
Patent and Trademark Office
and Platt Amendment
prejudices in
Prohibition in
Reciprocity Treaty with
Republican Party
special-interest money in
stock market crash in
support for Batista
support for Batista receding
support for Machado
surrender of jurisdiction over Cuba
tariff systems of
and Teller Amendment
temperance movement in
trade embargo against Cuba
trademark law in
trade with
and Treaty of Paris
war with Spain
universal suffrage, use of term
University of Havana
Urrutia, Manuel
USS Maine
Vallejo, René
vanden Heuvel, William
Velázquez, Diego
Venezuela, as Cuban ally
Victor Hugo Freethinker Group
Virginius
Ward, James
Welles, Sumner
Weyler, Valeriano
Wood, Leonard
and Emilio
in the Philippines
and Rough Riders
and U.S. military occupation
Woon, Basil
World Bank
World Trade Organization (WTO)
World War I,
World War II,
Yebra, Andres
Young, S. B. M.
1 Amalia’s formal name was Lucía Victoria Moreau, but she was known throughout her life as Amalia.
2 Distillers often made candy as a sideline, because after the fermented wash was boiled to produce the distillate, a semiliquid sugary residue was usually left in the alembic and could be poured into molds to make candy.
3 Juan’s mother was apparently a slave belonging to Amalia Moreau. In the slavery tradition, she would have taken her owner’s surname, so her son’s full name was Juan Bacardi Moreau. Upon the death of Emilio Bacardi in 1922, Juan Bacardi wrote Emilio’s widow to express his condolences “for the loss of my beloved first cousin.” In that letter, he noted that after his own father passed away, his cousin Emilio had acted as “my father ... and my protector.” According to a 1947 company memorandum, José Bacardi Massó also had a daughter named Carmen, born of a slave whom José had purchased.
4 Some Bacardi family members say Elvira was herself a mulata, with some black ancestry.
5 José Antonio Aponte, a Havana wood-carver of African descent who, inspired by Moses, resolved in 1812 to lead Cuban blacks “out of bondage” and was hanged for his conspiracy.
6 The term “universal suffrage” at the turn of the century in Cuba and most other countries was generally taken to refer only to males.