The Great Sea: A Human History of the Mediterranean
Page 88
18. Durrell, Bitter Lemons, p. 159.
19. Ker-Lindsay, Britain and the Cyprus Crisis, p. 37.
20. M. Gruel-Dieudé, Chypre et l’Union Européenne: mutations diplomatiques et politiques (Paris, 2007), pp. 160, 165–6.
21. D. Ioannides, ‘The dynamics and effects of tourism evolution in Cyprus’, in Y. Apostolopoulos, P. Loukissas and L. Leontidou (eds.), Mediterranean Tourism: Facets of Socioeconomic Development and Change (London, 2001), p. 123.
22. M. Harvey, Gibraltar: a History (2nd edn, Staplehurst, Kent, 2000), pp. 167–8.
23. M. Alexander, Gibraltar: Conquered by No Enemy (Stroud, 2008), p. 237.
24. Private communication from Dr Charles Stanton.
25. Note the ambiguities in the approach of G. Hills, Rock of Contention: a History of Gibraltar (London, 1974).
26. Alexander, Gibraltar, p. 241.
27. S. Constantine, Community and Identity: the Making of Modern Gibraltar since 1704 (Manchester, 2009), pp. 414–15.
7. The Last Mediterranean, 1950–2010
1. E. David, A Book of Mediterranean Food (London, 1950).
2. C. Roden, Mediterranean Cookery (London, 1987); J. Goldstein, Cucina Ebraica: Flavors of the Italian Jewish Kitchen (San Francisco, 1998).
3. Information kindly supplied by Dr V. A. Cremona, Maltese ambassador in Tunis, and by Julian Metcalf, Ministry of Justice and Home Affairs, Valletta.
4. L. Segreto, C. Manera and M. Pohl (eds.), Europe at the Seaside: the Economic History of Mass Tourism in the Mediterranean (London, 2009); Y. Apostolopoulos, P. Loukissas and L. Leontidou (eds.), Mediterranean Tourism: Facets of Socioeconomic Development and Change (London, 2001); P. Obrador Pons, M. Craig and P. Travlou (eds.), Cultures of Mass Tourism: Doing the Mediterranean in the Age of Banal Mobilities (Aldershot, 2009); N. Theuma, Le tourisme en Méditerranée: une perspective socio-culturelle (Encyclopédie de la Méditerranée, vol. 37, Malta and Aix-en-Provence, 2005).
5. P. Obrador Pons, M. Craig and P. Travlou, ‘Corrupted seas: the Mediterranean in an age of mass mobility’, in Obrador Pons et al. (eds.), Cultures of Mass Tourism, pp. 163, 167.
6. K. O’Reilly, ‘Hosts and guests, guests and hosts; British residential tourism in the Costa del Sol’, in Obrador Pons et al. (eds.), Cultures of Mass Tourism, pp. 129–42.
7. M. Boyer, ‘Tourism in the French Mediterranean; history and transformation’, in Apostolopoulos et al. (eds.), Mediterranean Tourism, p. 47.
8. P. Battilani, ‘Rimini: an original mix of Italian style and foreign models’, in Segreto et al. (eds.), Europe at the Seaside, p. 106.
9. Y. Mansfeld, ‘Acquired tourism deficiency syndrome: planning and developing tourism in Israel’, in Apostolopoulos et al. (eds.), Mediterranean Tourism, pp. 166–8.
10. P. Obrador Pons, ‘The Mediterranean pool: cultivating hospitality in the coastal hotel’, in Obrador Pons et al. (eds.), Cultures of Mass Tourism, pp. 98, 105 (fig. 5.3); D. Knox, ‘Mobile practice and youth tourism’, in the same volume, p. 150.
11. E. Furlough, ‘Club Méditerranée, 1950–2002’, in Segreto et al. (eds.), Europe at the Seaside, pp. 174–7.
12. Battilani, ‘Rimini’, pp. 107–9.
13. P. Blyth, ‘The growth of British air package tours, 1945–1975’, in Segreto et al. (eds.), Europe at the Seaside, pp. 11–30.
14. C. Manera and J. Garau-Taberner, ‘The transformation of the economic model of the Balearic islands: the pioneers of mass tourism’, in Segreto et al. (eds.), Europe at the Seaside, p. 36.
15. Ibid., p. 32.
16. Blyth, ‘Growth of British air package tours’, p. 13.
17. V. Monfort Mir and J. Ivars Baidal, ‘Towards a sustained competitiveness of Spanish tourism’, in Apostolopoulos et al. (eds.), Mediterranean Tourism, pp. 18, 27–30.
18. Blyth, ‘Growth of British air package tours’, pp. 12–13.
19. P. Alac, The Bikini: a Cultural History (New York, 2002), p. 38.
20. I. Littlewood, Sultry Climates: Travel and Sex since the Grand Tour (London, 2001), pp. 189–215.
21. C. Probert, Swimwear in Vogue since 1910 (London, 1981); Alac, Bikini, p. 21.
22. Alac, Bikini, pp. 54, 94; Obrador Pons, ‘Mediterranean pool’, p. 103.
23. D. Abulafia, ‘The Mediterranean globalized’, in D. Abulafia (ed.), The Mediterranean in History (London and New York, 2003), p. 312.
24. Theuma, Tourisme en Méditerranée, p. 43.
25. Knox, ‘Mobile practice’, pp. 150–51.
26. M. Crang and P. Travlou, ‘The island that was not there: producing Corelli’s island, staging Kefalonia’, in Obrador Pons et al. (eds.), Cultures of Mass Tourism, pp. 75–89.
CONCLUSION
1. E. Paris, La genèse intellectuelle de l’œuvre de Fernand Braudel: ‘La Méditerranée et le monde méditerranéen à l’époque de Philippe II’ (1921–1947) (Athens, 1999), pp. 315–16, 323.
2. A. Husain and K. Fleming (eds.), A Faithful Sea: The Religious Cultures of the Mediterranean, 1200–1700 (Oxford, 2007).
Table of Contents
List of Illustrations
System of Transliteration and Dating
Preface
Introduction: A Sea with Many Names
PART ONE The First Mediterranean, 22000 BC –1000 BC
1. Isolation and Insulation, 22000 BC –3000 BC
2. Copper and Bronze, 3000 BC –1500 BC
3. Merchants and Heroes, 1500 BC –1250 BC
4. Sea Peoples and Land Peoples, 1250 BC –1100 BC
PART TWO The Second Mediterranean, 1000 BC–AD 600
1. The Purple Traders, 1000 BC –700 BC
2. The Heirs of Odysseus, 800 BC –550 BC
3. The Triumph of the Tyrrhenians, 800 BC –400 BC
4. Towards the Garden of the Hesperides, 1000 BC –400 BC
5. Thalassocracies, 550 BC –400 BC
6. The Lighthouse of the Mediterranean, 350 BC –100 BC
7. ‘Carthage Must Be Destroyed’, 400 BC –146 BC
8. ‘Our Sea’, 146 BC–AD 150
9. Old and New Faiths, AD 1–450
10. Dis-integration, 400–600
PART THREE The Third Mediterranean, 600–1350
1. Mediterranean Troughs, 600–900
2. Crossing the Boundaries between Christendom and Islam, 900–1050
3. The Great Sea-change, 1000–1100
4. ‘The Profit That God Shall Give’, 1100–1200
5. Ways across the Sea, 1160–1185
6. The Fall and Rise of Empires, 1130–1260
7. Merchants, Mercenaries and Missionaries, 1220–1300
8. Serrata – Closing, 1291–1350
PART FOUR The Fourth Mediterranean, 1350–1830
1. Would-be Roman Emperors, 1350–1480
2. Transformations in the West, 1391–1500
3. Holy Leagues and Unholy Alliances, 1500–1550
4. Akdeniz – the Battle for the White Sea, 1550–1571
5. Interlopers in the Mediterranean, 1571–1650
6. Diasporas in Despair, 1560–1700
7. Encouragement to Others, 1650–1780
8. The View through the Russian Prism, 1760–1805
9. Deys, Beys and Bashaws, 1800–1830
PART FIVE The Fifth Mediterranean, 1830–2010
1. Ever the Twain Shall Meet, 1830–1900
2. The Greek and the unGreek, 1830–1920
3. Ottoman Exit, 1900–1918
4. A Tale of Four and a Half Cities, 1900–1950
5. Mare Nostrum – Again,1918–1945
6. A Fragmented Mediterranean, 1945–1990
7. The Last Mediterranean, 1950–2010
Illustrations
Conclusion: Crossing the Sea
Further Reading
Notes
reading books on Archive.