Libya - The Rise and Fall of Qaddafi

by Alison Pargeter

  BELIEFS ABOUT HIMSELF: above RCC (i); divine on his side (i), (ii); great intellectual (i), (ii), (iii); international stature (i), (ii); leader of Arab nationalism (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); leader of middle way (i); leader of ‘weak against strong’ (i), (ii), (iii); religious leader (i)

  BELIEFS, OPINIONS & VIEWS: Al-Sanussi monarchy (i); Americans (i); anti-imperialism (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii); anti-Westernism (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi); Arab nationalism (i), (ii), (iii); Arab uprisings (i); army (i); capitalism (i); communism (i); democracy (i); economics (i); family values (i); Islam (i), (ii), (iii); Islamists (i); Jamahiriyah before all else (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii); Libyans, contempt of (i); Libyans, disappointment in (i); ‘perpetual revolution’ (i); RCC (i); ruling elite (i); socialism (i); sports (i); unorthodox Islamic ideas (i); US invasion of Afghanistan (i); village vs. city (i); women (i)

  CHARACTER & ATTRIBUTES: austerity (i); Bedouin heritage (i), (ii), (iii); charisma (i), (ii); cruelty (i); defiance (i); determination (i), (ii); favouritism (i); flamboyancy and showmanship (i), (ii); forcefulness (i); inability to control his children (i); inability to understand Libyan people's wants (i); independent action (i); larger-than-life image (i), (ii), (iii); leadership (i), (ii); loyalty to ‘the revolution’ (i); militancy (i); naivety (i), (ii), (iii); nationalism (i); paranoia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); personalization of politics (i); political activism (i); power, love of (i), (ii); puritanism (i); religious leader (i); revolutionary (i); solitariness as child (i); sulkiness (i); superiority (i); underhandedness (i)

  LEGACY: (i); environment of corruption (i); population afraid of change (i); power vacuum (i); structureless state (i); unqualified population (i), (ii)

  OTHERS' VIEWS OF: Africans' (i); Arab leaders' (i); dangerous bungler (i); flamboyant showman (i); heathen (i); Libyans' reasons for hating (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); madman (i), (ii); pariah (i); RCC's (i); super-villain (i); West's (i)

  POLICIES: anti-Islamist (i); backing of revolutionary groups (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); against dissenters (i); economic (i), (ii), (iii), (iv); foreign policy (i); Great Green Charter of Human Rights in the Era of the Masses (i); Great Man Made River (GMMR) scheme (i); Green Book (i), (ii); International Mathaba to Resist Imperialism, Racism and Reactionary Forces (i); Jamahiriyah (i), (ii); no official role for himself (i); Palestinian cause (i); political reforms (i); Realpolitik (i); revolutionary authority (i); Revolutionary Committees Liaison Office (i); Revolutionary Committees Movement (i); sidelining of RCC (i); social people's leaderships (i); in sub-Saharan Africa (i); support for terrorists (i); Third Universal Theory (i); tribes (i); West, appeasement of (i); West, challenge to (i)

  RELATIONSHIPS & FRIENDSHIPS: Abu Ayad (i); Abu Nidal (i); Amin, Idi (i); Arab leaders (i), (ii); Arafat, Yassir (i); Bokassa, Jean-Bédel (i); Carlos the Jackal (Ilich Ramirez Sánchez) (i); Children of God (COG) (i); family (i), (ii), (iii); inner circle (i); Nasser, veneration of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v); Numeri, Jaffar (i); Qaddafi, Saif Al-Islam (i), (ii); RCC (i), (ii), (iii); Sadat, Anwar (i), (ii)

  WORKS: Great Green Charter of Human Rights in the Era of the Masses (i); Green Book (i), (ii); short stories (i)

  Qaddafi, Muftah Ali Subaya (i)

  Qaddafi, Saadi (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Qaddafi, Saif Al-Islam (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  presumed heir to father (i)

  reformist face of regime (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  relationship with father (i)

  response to 2011 uprising (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  wealth, personal (i)

  WMD issue (i)

  ‘Qaddafism’ (i), (ii)

  Qaramanli, Ali Pasha (i)

  Qarawi, Mukhtar Abdullah (i)

  Ramadan, Mohamed (i)

  Ramirez Sánchez, Ilich (Carlos the Jackal) (i), (ii)

  Reagan, Ronald (i)

  reformist faction (i)

  regionalism (i), (ii), (iii)

  repression (i), (ii), (iii)

  resistance

  to Arab invaders (i)

  to the Greeks (i)

  of interior tribes (i), (ii)

  to the Italians (i), (ii), (iii)

  to the Ottomans (i)

  revolutionary authority (i)

  Revolutionary Command Council (RCC) (i), (ii)

  changing old power bases (i)

  counter coup (i)

  inexperience (i), (ii)

  policies (i)

  Qaddafi, loyalty to (i)

  Qaddafi, quarrels with (i), (ii), (iii)

  Revolutionary Committees Liaison Office (i)

  Revolutionary Committees Movement (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  rich-poor gap (i)

  Romans, Ancient (i)

  Saaidi, Said (i)

  Sadat, Anwar (i), (ii), (iii)

  sanctions

  international (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  US (i), (ii), (iii)

  Sanussi, Abdullah (i)

  Al-Sanussi, Ahmed Al-Sharif (i)

  Al-Sanussi, Idris (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  achievements (i)

  Britain, reliance on (i)

  end of regime (i)

  failures (i)

  national economic control (i)

  nationalists' anger at (i)

  reluctance to rule (i)

  ruling style (i)

  Al-Sanussi, Sayed Mohamed Ali (i)

  Sanussiya religious order (i), (ii), (iii)

  Saudi Arabia (i), (ii), (iii)

  Sebha (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  Second World War (i)

  post-war negotiations (i)

  security forces (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Revolutionary Committees Movement (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Senegal (i)

  Senghor, Léopold (i)

  Shalgam, Abdelrahman (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Shamis, Ashur (i)

  Al-Shelhi, Abdul Aziz (i)

  Al-Shelhi family (i)

  Al-Shelhi, Ibrahim (i)

  Shelley, Percy Bysshe (i)

  Shenib, Aziz (i)

  Shultz, George (i)

  Shwehdi, Sadiq Hamed (i)

  Sidi Hammouda mosque (i)

  Sirte (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii), (viii)

  Six Day War (i)

  social people's leaderships (i)

  Socialist People's Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah (i)

  Soviet Union

  invasion of Afghanistan (i)

  Libya's relationship with (i)

  military equipment from (i)

  West's fear of (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Stark, Freya (i)

  sub-Saharan Africa (i)

  Sudan (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Sudan People's Liberation Army (SPLA) (i)

  Suez Crisis (i), (ii)

  supermarkets (i), (ii)

  Syria (i), (ii), (iii)

  Terbil, Fathi (i), (ii), (iii)

  Third Universal Theory (i)

  Tombalbaye, N'Garta (i)

  tourism (i), (ii), (iii)

  Tripoli

  2011 uprising (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)

  African immigrants (i)

  isolation and repression (i)

  Italian rule (i)

  Marcus Aurelius Arch (i)

  modern-day (i), (ii)

  name, origins of (i)

  as one of Al-Sanussi's capitals (i)

  Ottoman rule (i), (ii), (iii)

  Piccioli's description of (i)

  post-oil discovery population (i)

  protests: against Britain (i); against France (i); against King Idris (i); against Qaddafi (i), (ii)

  Qaramanli period (i)

  Sidi Hammouda mosque, razing of (i)

  Young Turks movement (i)

  Tripolitania (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v)

  Britain's war-time administration (i)

  under Italians (i), (ii)

  under King Idris (i), (ii)


  under Ottomans (i), (ii), (iii)

  post-war nationalism (i)

  under Volpi (i)

  Tunisia (i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi), (vii)

  Uganda (i), (ii)

  Union of Soviet Socialist Republics (USSR) see Soviet Union

  United Kingdom see Great Britain

  United Kingdom of Libya

  abolishment of (i)

  capital (i)

  challenges (i)

  first constitution (i)

  independence (i)

  independence day (i)

  United Nations (UN) (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  sanctions against Libya (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  United States (i), (ii), (iii)

  1986 attack on Libya (i), (ii)

  2011 uprising, response to (i), (ii)

  9/11 attacks (i)

  Afghanistan, invasion of (i)

  counter-terrorism intelligence from Libya (i)

  embargo on Libyan oil (i)

  evacuation of US citizens (i)

  friendship treaty (i)

  Gulf of Sirte attack (i)

  internal subversion, concerns about (i)

  Iraq, invasion of (i)

  Lockerbie demands (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  nationalists' anger at (i)

  NTC, recognition of (i)

  Pentagon's Nuclear Posture Review (i)

  Reagan's hatred of Qaddafi (i)

  sanctions against Libya (i), (ii), (iii)

  US-Libyan relations (i), (ii), (iii)

  Wheelus airbase (i), (ii)

  withdrawal of troops (i)

  WMD demands (i), (ii)

  urbanization (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)

  Vandals (i)

  Villard, Henry (i)

  ‘A Vision of a Democratic Libya’ (NTC) (i)

  Voice of the Arabs radio station (i), (ii)

  Volpi, Giuseppe (i)

  weapons of mass destruction (WMD) (i), (ii), (iii)

  welfare system (i)

  Werfella tribe (i), (ii), (iii)

  Al-Werfelli, Ahmed (i)

  Wilson, Harold (i)

  Yeats, W.B. (i)

  Young Turks movement (i)

  Al-Zawi, Sheikh Tahir (i)

  Al-Zawiya (i), (ii)

  Zeidan, Mohamed (i)

  Zimbabwe African National Union (ZANU) (i)

  Zwai, Ali Attia Mohamed Bujafool (i)

  Zwai, Mohamed Belqassim (i), (ii), (iii), (iv)