The Unquiet Englishman

by Richard Greene

  14See Bernard Diederich, Bon Papa (Port-au-Prince: Editions Henri Deschamps, 2008), and Bernard Diederich, The Prize: Haiti’s National Palace (2nd edn, Port-au-Prince: Editions Henri Deschamps, 2008). My discussion of Haiti is overwhelmingly indebted to the writings and conversation of Bernard Diederich. My errors are my own.

  15Diederich and Burt, 13–20; Diederich, Bon Papa, 359.

  16Diederich and Burt, 126 and 138–9.

  17Bernard Diederich, 1959 (Lincoln, NE: iUniverse, 2007), 71–5.

  18Diederich and Burt, 122.

  19Bernard Diederich, The Fools of April (Port-au-Prince: Editions Henri Deschamps, 2015), 29–30; Diederich and Burt, 109–15, 167.

  20Diederich and Burt, 177–96.

  21Diederich and Burt, 168–70.

  22New York Times (18 January 1963).

  23New York Times (15 August 1963).

  24Diederich and Burt, 197–8.

  25Diederich and Burt, 199–200.

  26Diederich, 51–5.

  27Diederich, 51–5.

  28The Times (1 and 6 May 1963).

  29Diederich and Burt, 240.

  30GG to MB, 11 August 1963, Balliol.

  31GG to YC, 11 August 1963, GU.

  32WOE, 205.

  33GG to Roger Coster, 30 September 1963, BC.

  34WOE, 205.

  35Guardian (18 February 2005).

  36Diederich, 23–4.

  37Independent (19 February 2005).

  38Diederich, 24.

  39WOE, 205–6.

  40New York Times (18 August 1963).

  41GG to MB, 8 May 1963, Balliol.

  42Sunday Telegraph (29 September 1963).

  43WOE, 206.

  44Diederich, 22–3.

  57: Statues and Pigeons

  1Punch (23 September 1964).

  2ODNB; GG ‘Epitaph for a Play’, CP, 212.

  3GG to MB, 13 December 1963, Balliol.

  4GG to MB, 12 March 1964, Balliol.

  5Letters, 271–2.

  6John Miller, Ralph Richardson: The Authorized Biography (London: Sidgwick & Jackson, 1995), 193–7.

  7GG to Irene Selznick, 19 October 1964, BC.

  8Wise and Hill 2: 63.

  9GG to MB, 23 September 1964 and 13 October 1964, Balliol.

  10GG to MB, 1 January 1965, Balliol.

  11The account of Greene’s border journey is drawn from Diederich, 21–74, except as otherwise indicated.

  12Guardian (15 March 1976).

  13Letters, 288–9 and 347. Greg Chamberlain, email to RG, 26 June 2004.

  14YE, 117–8.

  15GG to MB, 5 May 1965, Balliol; GG to MR, 6 Mary 1965, BL.

  16Diederich, 106–8; WOE, 203.

  17New York Times (2 January 1966).

  18TC, 132.

  19TC, 57.

  20I am grateful to my student Jane Yearwood for this observation.

  21TC, 253.

  22GG to Martin Stannard, 7 November 1989, BC.

  23GG to FG, 24 November 1964, BC; GG to MB, 14 December 1964, Balliol.

  24GG to MR, 6 May 1965, BL.

  25W. H. Auden, ‘In Memory of W. B. Yeats’, Selected Poems (New York: Vintage, 1979).

  58: The New Life

  1GG to YC, 6 November 1965, GU.

  2GS, manuscript notes, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  3New York Times (26 January 2012).

  4GS, manuscript notes, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  5GG to YC, 20 August 1964, GU.

  6Letters, 273–4.

  7GG to YC, 20 May 1965 and 11 July 1965, GU.

  8WOE, 219–20.

  9Letters, 282.

  10Monica McCall to LP, 21 October 1965, HRC.

  11LP to Sir Carol Reed, 12 October 1965, HRC.

  12LP to GG, 9 December 1965, HRC.

  13GG to YC, 17 December 1965, GU.

  14The Times (6 February 1966).

  15MR to GG, 24 March 1966, BL.

  16GG to MB, 4 February 1966, Balliol; see also GG to Peter Glenville, 16 December 1965, BC.

  17Thomas Guinzberg to Monica McCall, 7 February 1966, BC; GG to J.-F. Paschoud, 10 February 1966, BC; GG to Monica McCall, 16 February 1966, BC.

  18GG to MB, 22 April 1966, Balliol.

  19GG to MB, 13 May 1966, Balliol.

  20The Times (18 March 1978).

  21RG, interview with Julian Evans, 24 September 2015.

  22Waugh Letters, 635–6.

  23Philip Caraman, SJ, to GG, 8 January 1966, BC.

  24GG to Philip Caraman, SJ, 31 January 1966, BC.

  25Letters, 350.

  26Letters, 284.

  59: Fidel at Night

  1Diederich, 114–37.

  2This quotation from Le Matin (6 May 1966) is contained in the letter GG to MR, 2 June 1966, BL.

  3Quoted in Diederich, 137.

  4GG to MB, 4 February 1966, Balliol.

  5Richard Burton to GG, 31 March 1966, BC.

  6GS, manuscript notes, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  7GG to MR, 7 February 1970, BL.

  8The account of the visit to Cuba is drawn from Greene’s journal at GU, supplemented slightly by Letters, 285–6. As always in matters pertaining to Cuba, I am indebted to the research of Christopher Hull.

  9Journal, 28 August 1966, GU.

  10Miami Herald (26 October 2014); Report on the Situation of Political Prisoners and their Families in Cuba, Interamerican Commission on Human Rights, OAS, 17 May 1963: http://www.cidh.org/countryrep/Cuba63sp/indice.htm (accessed 28 March 2020).

  11Journal, 17 September 1966, GU.

  12Journal, c. 16 September 1966, GU.

  13Journal, 18 September 1966, GU.

  14R. M. K. Slater to R. H. G. Edmonds, 22 September 1966, TNA FA 371/184888.

  60: Papa Doc Honoured Me

  1Journal, 18 September 1966, GU.

  2Falk, 110.

  3New York Times (7 May 1967).

  4New York Times (7 May 1967).

  5Piers Paul Read, Alec Guinness: The Authorized Biography (London: Simon & Schuster, 2003), 473.

  6Bernard Diederich, Le Prix du sang Port-au-Prince: Editions Henri Deschamps, 2004), 386 and passim; Letters, 288–9.

  7Letters, 293.

  8Letters, 293.

  9Diederich, 122–5 and 132–3. A copy of the book itself may be found in the National Archives (UK): FCO 7/249.

  10Diederich, 125.

  61: Morse Code on the Water Pipes

  1V. S. Naipaul, typescript of interview with Graham Greene, BC; a later draft was published in Daily Telegraph Magazine (8 March 1968).

  2GG to Roy Arthur, 1 March 1966, BC; GG to KP, 17 May 1968, BC.

  3Observer (2 February 1968).

  4GG to Mr Badesi, 17 June 1980, Fan Mail file, BC.

  5RG, interview with David Cornwell, 23 August 2013.

  6Robin Lustig, ‘Journalists and Novelists: Facts and Truth’, lecture, Graham Greene International Festival, Berkhamsted, 22 September 2018.

  7[JR] to Alewyn Birch, 13 March 1968, BC.

  8E. M. Forster, ‘What I Believe’, Nation (16 July 1938).

  9GG, introduction, Kim Philby, My Silent War: The Autobiography of a Spy (London: MacGibbon & Kee, 1968), 7–9.

  10Letters, 291.

  11The Times (4 September 1967).

  12YE, 135–7.

  13YE, 141–5.

  14GG to Münnich Ferenc, telegram, 26 September 1957, HRC.

  15Letters, 234–5.

  16Listener (21 September 1972).

  17See Adamson (2009), 110–21.

  18Letters, 373.

  19GG to Josef Škvorecký, 28 October 1968, BC.

  20GG to Josef Škvorecký, 5 March 1969, BC; Letters, 415–16.

  21Karel Kyncl, ‘A Conversation with Graham Greene’, in A. F. Cassis, ed., Graham Greene: Man of Paradox (Chicago: Loyola University Press, 1994), 368.

  22The Times (15 February 1973).

  23Karel Kyncl to GG, 11 February 1980, BC.

  24Vladimir Tosek to GG, 27 February 1980, BC.

  25Independe
nt (3 April 1997).

  26GG to Josef Škvorecký, 7 October 1968, BC.

  27Royal Astronomical Society of Canada: https://www.rasc.ca/asteroid/26314 (accessed 20 December 2018). I am grateful to Professor Sam Solecki for drawing this to my attention.

  62: Behind the Sand Dune

  1Letters, 292.

  2The following account is based on WOE, 211–19.

  3WOE, 217.

  4GG to YC, 28 September 1967, GU.

  5WOE, 218.

  6The Times (28 September 1967).

  7GG to YC, 28 Sept 1967, GU.

  8Letters, 363–4.

  9Letters, 377.

  10Journal, 29 September 1969, GU.

  11GG to Mme Blau, 18 August 1988, BC.

  12GG, telegram to Bruce Kent, 27 September 1988, Reid Collection, Balliol.

  13Amnesty International Press Release (11 May 2016): https://www.amnesty.org.uk/press-releases/israel-should-drop-latest-ludicrous-charges-against-nuclear-whistle-blower-mordecha-0 (accessed 12 December 2018).

  14Telegraph (23 January 2017).

  15FG, email to RG, 22 December 2018.

  16FG to GG, 20 November 1967, BC.

  17TW to GG, 15 March 1968, BC.

  18FG to GG, 11 December 1967, BC.

  19Letters, 294–5.

  20Telegraph (8 March 1968).

  21TW to GG, 15 March 1968, BC.

  22FG to GG, 11 March 1964, BC. Further information from FG.

  23Letters, 344–5.

  24YE, 149.

  63: A House Surrounded by Orange Trees

  1Hazzard, 26.

  2GG to CW, 23 January 1975, BC.

  3GG to MK, 24 June 1974, files of Simon & Schuster.

  4Letters, 385.

  5GG to GS, 12 December 1967, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  6New York Times (12 September 1971).

  7Observer Magazine (19 May 1968).

  8Journal, 23 December 1967, GU.

  9Ian Smillie, Lansana Gberie, and Ralph Hazelton, ‘The Heart of the Matter: Sierra Leone, Diamonds & Human Security’ (2000): https://web.archive.org/web/20070120121759/http://www.sierra-leone.org/heartmatter.html (accessed 29 December 2018).

  10Butcher, 94.

  11Smillie, Gberie, and Hazelton, ‘The Heart of the Matter’.

  12GG to MB, 15 January 1968, Balliol.

  13Barbara Greene, 158–71.

  14GG to GS, 21 February 1968, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  15In the documentary, a line is missing from Greene’s recitation.

  16Quotations are taken from Christopher Burstall, ‘Graham Greene: The Hunted Man’, post-production script. I am grateful to Sue Burstall for allowing me to quote from this and to Professor Andrew Biswell for drawing the interview to my attention.

  17GG to VG, [c. 1930], GG Collection, HRC.

  18Julia J. S. Sarreal, The Guarani and Their Missions: A Socioeconomic History (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2014), 1–2.

  19R. B. Cunninghame Graham, ‘A Vanished Arcadia: Being Some Account of the Jesuits in Paraguay, 1607–1767’, in Peter Lambert and R. Andrew Nickson, eds, The Paraguay Reader: History, Culture, Politics (Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 2013), 41–5.

  20Bridget Chesterton, ‘Chaco War’, Oxford Bibliographies: www.oxfordbibliographies.com (accessed 6 January 2019).

  21Letters, 85.

  22‘From the Chaco War to the Civil War’, in Lambert and Nickson, eds, The Paraguay Reader, 193–4.

  23Diederich, 189.

  24Marcial Riquelme, ‘Toward a Weberian Characterization of the Stroessner Regime’, in Lambert and Nickson, eds, The Paraguay Reader, 239–43.

  25J. Patrice McSherry, ‘“Industrial Repression” and Operation Condor in Latin America’, in Marcia Esparza et al., eds., State Violence and Genocide in Latin America The Cold War Years (London and New York: Routledge, 2010), 107–23; ‘Truth Commission: Paraguay’, United States Institute of Peace: https://www.usip.org/publications/2004/06/truth-commission-paraguay (accessed 4 January 2019).

  26BBC News, 10 September 2019.

  27GG to MB, 7 August 1968, Balliol.

  28Javier Sologuren, ‘Victoria Ocampo: A Woman in Search of Justice and Spirituality’, in Susnigdha Dey, ed., Victoria Ocampo: An Exercise in Indo-Argentine Relationship (Delhi: BR Publishing, 1992), 80–8.

  29For biographical information on Ocampo, see especially Doris Meyer, Victoria Ocampo: Against the Wind and the Tide (New York: George Braziller, 1979), 3–170.

  30New York Times (4 August 1968).

  31See, for example, Jörg Le Blanc, Political Violence in Latin America: A Cross-Case Comparison of the Urban Insurgency Campaigns of Montoneros, M-19, and FSLN in a Historical Perspective (Cambridge: Cambridge Scholars Publishing, 2013), esp. 59–66.

  32Letters, 311; Journal, undated entry c. 31 July 1968, GU.

  33John Gerassi, ed., The Complete Writings & Messages of Camilo Torres (New York: Random House, 1971), xiii and 14–33.

  34Daily Telegraph Magazine (3 January 1969).

  35Diederich, 173.

  36Letters, 297.

  37Journal, 6 August 1968, GU.

  38Letters, 297.

  39Quoted in ‘Brazilian Icon of Liberation Theology Moves Closer to Sainthood’, Crux (7 January 2019): https://cruxnow.com/church-in-the-americas/2019/01/07/brazilian-icon-of-liberation-theology-moves-closer-to-sainthood/ (accessed 7 January 2019).

  40R. Andrew Nickson, ‘Tyranny and Longevity: Stroessner’s Paraguay’, Third World Quarterly, 10:1 (January 1988), 237–59.

  41Daily Telegraph Magazine (3 January 1969).

  64: No One’s Poodle

  1Quoted in MK, ‘The Third Man’, New Yorker (25 March 1996), 48.

  2Monica McCall to GG, 25 August 1969, HRC.

  3MK to GG, 25 August 1969, HRC.

  4Telegraph (16 November 1969).

  5Cloetta, 27.

  6Contract between Robert Fryer and Verdant, S.A., 5 June 1971, HRC.

  7Falk, 114–16.

  8See Falk, 114–33.

  9Raimo Väyrynen, ‘Some Aspects of Theory and Strategy of Kidnapping’, Instant Research on Peace and Violence, 1:1 (1971), 3–21.

  10GG to BD, 22 November 1969, BC.

  11See Wise and Hill 2: 67–8.

  12Enrique Dussell, A History of the Church in Latin America (Grand Rapids: Wm. B. Eerdmans, 1981) 200–1.

  13GG to LP, 20 February 1970, HRC.

  14Journal, 26 March 1970, GU; this visit to Argentina is also described in WOE.

  15Letters, 307.

  16Journal, 28 March 1970, GU.

  17El Litoral (29 March 1970). The translation is preserved at HRC.

  18Journal, 27 March 1970, GU.

  19WOE, 206.

  20New York Times (12 August 1970).

  21Norte de Corrientes (2 November 2016).

  22The Times (5 April 1970); Irish Times (6 April 1970).

  23GG to MB, 31 July 1971, Balliol; Wise and Hill 2: 67–9.

  24Guardian (11 September 1971).

  25GG to CW, 1 September 1947, GU.

  26HC, 228.

  27I am grateful to Professor Gilles Mongeau, SJ, for his observations on this subject.

  28Wise and Hill 2: 5.

  29Ricardo Israel Zipper, Politics and Ideology in Allende’s Chile (Tempe: Arizona State University, 1989), viii and 167–8.

  30New York Times (18 March 1971).

  31GG to Victoria Ocampo, 24 April 1971, BC.

  32Letters, 311–12.

  33Guardian (23 October 2017).

  34Guardian (8 January 2018).

  35This echoes a common observation. See for example, Chauncy Mable, `Noble Recognition Eludes Great Writer’, Sun Sentinel (24 February 1991).

  36Journal, 13 September 1971, HRC.

  37Journal, 14 September 1971, HRC; GG to Janet Adam Smith, 11 February 1974, BC; ‘In Memory of Borges, Reflections, 385–7.

  38‘Chile: The Dangerous Edge’, Reflections, 323.

  39Journal, 17 September 1971, HRC.

  40Journal, 18
September 1971, HRC.

  41Journal, 21 September 1971, HRC.

  42Journal, 22 September 1971, HRC.

  43Luis Poirot, ‘Graham Greene in Chile’, unpublished ms (2020).

  44Richard Hall, My Life with Tiny (London: Faber & Faber, 1987), 84–5. I am grateful to the late Jeremy Lewis for drawing this source to my attention.

  65: Light Bulbs

  1GS, manuscript notes, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  2GG, Dream Diary (vol. 1), 26 December 1964, HRC.

  3Cloetta, 65.

  4GS, transcript of conversation with YC, 8 June 1995, Sutro Collection, Bod. Dorothy Glover’s death announcement appeared in The Times (30 November 1971).

  5RG interview with Judy Taylor Hough, 12 May 2015; see Wise and Hill 1:30.

  6GG to YC, 27 September 1972, GU.

  7Letters, 318–19.

  8Cloetta, 46.

  9RG interview with Julian Evans, 24 September 2015.

  10Judith Adamson to RG, email, 7 December 2014.

  11Cloetta, 90.

  12ED to LD, 3 October 1988, GU.

  13Cloetta, 28

  14Letters, 321.

  15Meyer, 219–23.

  16RG interview with CB, 26 September 2015.

  17Journal, 30 January 1977, GU. This journal is otherwise dedicated to his first journey to Panama.

  18Letters, 325.

  19RG interview with CB, 25 September 2016.

  20The correspondence between GG and Igoe is preserved at BC. See especially William Igoe to GG, 25 May 1974, BC.

  21GG to FG, 3 June 1977, private collection of FG.

  22NS to GG, 3 July 1975, GG estate files.

  23GG to Anthony Mockler, 12 June 1987, Reinhardt Collection, BL.

  66: About my Best

  1GG to GS, 27 July 1967, BC.

  2New York Times (7 May 1985).

  3See, for example, Martin Trump, ‘Afrikaner Literature and the South African Liberation Struggle’, Journal of Commonwealth Literature, 25:1 (January 1990), 42–70.

  4The Times (26 August and 28 September 1968)

  5Life (12 April 1968).

  6EL to GG, undated [c. October 1967], BC.

  7There are several undated letters from Leroux to GG about the itinerary in the collection at BC.

  8See, for example, Ray Swart, Progressive Odyssey: Towards a Democratic South Africa (Cape Town: Human & Rousseau, 1991), 140 and passim.