The Unquiet Englishman

by Richard Greene

9Journal, 21 July 1973, GU.

  10See Ebbe Dommisse and W. P. Esterhuyse, Anton Rupert: A Biography (Cape Town: Tafelberg, 2005).

  11Journal, 30 July 1973, GU.

  12Letters, 326.

  13Journal, 13 August 1973, GU; GG to JR, 3 August 1973, Balliol (GG made additions to this letter on several dates including the 13th).

  14GG to YC, 20 August 1973, GU; this letter gives a probable date of arrival.

  15GG to John Anstey, 23 September 1973, BC.

  16The Times (13 September 1973).

  17Daily Mail (13 September 1973).

  18GG to Bill Igoe, 15 September 1973, BC.

  67: Long Spoons

  1GG to GS and JS, 15 December 1973, Sutro Collection, Bod; GG to Mario Soldati, 7 March 1974, BC.

  2GG to Hugh Greene, 12 December 1974, GU.

  3GG to Peter Glenville, 15 October 1974, BC.

  4The Times (12 August 1975).

  5GG to YC, 9 June 1975, GU.

  6The Times (10 April 1976),

  7GG to Tadeusz Murek, 9 June 1975, BC.

  8Letters, 346–7.

  9GG to EL, 17 January 1976, BC.

  10Durán, 233.

  11GG to Monica McCall, 11 May 1977, BC.

  12Observer (19 March 1978).

  13MR to GG, 12 June 1978, Reinhardt Collection, BL.

  14See László Róbert, ‘The Greene Connection’, unpublished memoir. I am also grateful to Dr Tamás Molnár and Dr Ramon Rami Porta for discussing their research on Greene’s involvement in Hungary; in this respect, see Tamás Molnár, ‘Graham Greene in the Aiming Cross of the Hungarian Secret Service Catch 22 at the Pearl of River Danube’, MA thesis, University of Pécs, 2016. For Greene’s recollection of these events, see GG to KP, 27 May 1978, BC.

  15KP to Graham C. Greene, 30 October 1977, BC.

  16Maurice Oldfield to RD, 4 January 1978, BC.

  17KP to GG, 25 April 1978, BC.

  18GG to KP, 17 May 1978, BC.

  19KP to GG, 25 April 1978, BC.

  20KP to GG, 2 January 1980, BC.

  21RD to Sir Dick Franks, 22 January 1980, BC.

  22Letters, 412.

  23GTG, 157.

  24New York Times (11 February 1984).

  68: Effervescence and Vibration

  1GG to YC, 23 [?] June 1975, GU.

  2Guya Accornero, The Revolution Before the Revolution: Late Authoritarianism and Student Protest in Portugal (New York and Oxford: Berghahn Books, 2016), 1 and 119–24.

  3Ronald H. Chilcote, The Portuguese Revolution: State and Class in the Transition to Democracy (Plymouth: Rowman & Littlefield, 2010), 89–116.

  4GG to YC, 23 [?] June 1975, GU.

  5El País (13 December 2013).

  6New York Times (25 April 1975).

  7GG to LD, 7 April 1975, BC.

  8Carlos Villar Flor, ‘Travels With My Priest: Greene’s Spanish Trips 1976–89’, lecture, Graham Greene International Festival, Berkhamsted, 27 September 2013; and ‘Journey With Maps: The Beginning of Greene’s Quixotic Journeys’, lecture, Graham Greene International Festival, Berkhamsted, 23 September 2016. This chapter relies on other information from Carlos Villar Flor, who is writing a book on Durán.

  9GG to LD, 18 October 1976, GU.

  10LD to GG, 22 June 1964, BC.

  11LD to GG, 23 September 1968 and 26 January 1972, BC.

  12Durán, 3; JR to LD, 14 August 1975, BC; LD to GG, 6 December 1975, BC.

  13Durán, 94–5.

  14GG to DL, 1 December 1975 and 11 December 1975, BC.

  15GG to DL, 26 May 1976, BC.

  16Durán, 125.

  17Durán, 125.

  18See the monastery’s website: http://mosteirodeoseira.org/web/resena-historica-2/ (accessed 11 March 2019).

  19Durán, 128.

  20Durán, 129–30; Charles Wolfe, ‘The Burial of Sir John Moore at Corunna’: https://rpo.library.utoronto.ca/poems/burial-sir-john-moore-corunna (accessed 11 March 2019).

  21Durán, 129–31.

  22Durán, 134–5.

  23Durán, 324–6.

  24Letters, 345–6.

  25Durán, 75.

  26Letters, 345–6.

  27Letters, 348.

  28Articles, 37–76; ED to GP, 8 January 1979, HRC.

  29Wise and Hill 2: 202–3.

  30GG to LD, 11 December 1981, GU.

  31Durán, 203.

  32Durán, 206.

  33Guardian (16 September 1982).

  34Washington Post (12 September 1978).

  69: The Diplomatic Passport

  1Journal, 3 December 1976, GU.

  2John Lindsay-Poland, Emperors in the Jungle: The Hidden History of the US in Panama (Durham, NC and London: Duke University Press, 2003), 1–9.

  3Lindsay-Poland, Emperors in the Jungle, 17.

  4Carlos Guevara Mann, Panamanian Militarism: A Historical Interpretation (Athens, OH: Ohio University Center for International Studies, 1996), 85–91.

  5Diederich, 177.

  6Mann, Panamanian Militarism, 95.

  7John Dinges, Our Man in Panama: The Shrewd Rise and Brutal Fall of Manuel Noriega (rev. edn; New York: Random House, 1991), 44–8.

  8Sandra W. Meditz and Dennis M. Hanratty, eds, Panama: A Country Study (Washington: GPO for the Library of Congress, 1987): http://countrystudies.us/panama/ (accessed 18 April 2019).

  9Dinges, Our Man in Panama, 67–9.

  10Mitrokhin, 108–14.

  11Robert C. Harding II, Military Foundations of Panamanian Politics (New Brunswick and London: Transaction Publishers, 2001), 89.

  12Diederich, 153–4.

  13Journal, 5 December 1976, GU.

  14BD to GG, 19 December 1971, BC.

  15Diederich, 159.

  16Letters, 323–4.

  17Diederich, 168.

  18GTG, 23.

  19Journal, 4 December 1976, GU.

  20GTG, 24.

  21BD to GG, 30 January 1977, BC.

  22Journal, 6 December 1976, GU.

  23Diederich, 177.

  24BD to GG, 11 April 1973, BC.

  25Panama Today (19 February 2019): https://www.panamatoday.com/panama/countdown-huge-copper-mine-panama-starts-exporting-9296 (accessed 16 April 2019).

  26Diederich, 170.

  27GTG, 26.

  28Journal, 5 December 1976, GU.

  29GTG, 38–9.

  30Department of State: Office of the Historian, ‘The Panama Canal and the Torrijos-Carter Treaties’: https://history.state.gov/milestones/1977-1980/panama-canal (accessed 17 April 2019).

  31Journal, 7 December 1976, GU.

  32Journal, 17 December 1976, GU.

  33Journal, 21 December 1976, GU.

  34GTG, 34.

  35BD to GG, 11 April 1973, BC.

  36GTG, 57.

  37GTG, 86–7.

  38Journal, 19–20 December 1976, GU.

  39GTG, 50–1.

  40Letters, 338.

  41‘The Country with Five Frontiers’, Reflections, 348–63.

  42Letters, 342.

  43Interview with Sarah Greene, 21 June 2019.

  44GG to BD, 19 February 1977, BC.

  45GG to BD, 14 June 1977 and 9 July 1977, BC.

  46Meditz and Hanratty, eds., Panama.

  47Department of State: Office of the Historian, ‘The Panama Canal and the Torrijos-Carter Treaties’.

  48New York Times (10 August 1977).

  49Journal, 24 August 1977, GU.

  50‘The Great Spectacular’, Reflections, 370.

  51GTG, 91–2.

  52Journal, 25 August 1977, GU.

  53Bernard Diederich, Somoza and the Legacy of US Involvement in Central America (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1981), 106–14.

  54Journal, 29 August 1977, GU.

  55Journal, 5 September 1977, GU.

  56Journal, 4 September 1977, GU.

  57Diederich, 188–9.

  58GTG, 99.

  59New York Times (7 September 1977).

  60Journal, 4 September 1977, GU.

  61The Times (8 Septemb
er 1977).

  62Journal, 6 September 1977, GU.

  63‘The Great Spectacular’, 369–74.

  70: Storming the Palace

  1Journal, 22 August 1978, GU. The phrase is Chuchu’s.

  2Diederich, 191–2; Mitrokhin, 111.

  3Journal, 21 August 1978, GU; GTG, 117.

  4Diederich, 195.

  5Journal, 20 August 1978, GU; GTG, 115.

  6GG to YC, 20 August 1978, GU.

  7Journal, 20 and 21 August 1978, GU; GTG, 118.

  8Diederich, 199.

  9YE, 223–5.

  10America (18 February 2019).

  11Bernard Diederich, Somoza and the Legacy of US Involvement in Central America (New York: E. P. Dutton, 1981), 176.

  12Telegraph (24 October 2011).

  13Diederich, 202.

  14TCE, 145.

  15Diederich, Somoza and the Legacy of US Involvement in Central America, 176–84.

  16New York Times (6 November 1978).

  17Journal, 24–5 August 1978, GU; GTG, 119–21.

  18The Times (4 July 1978).

  19Washington Post (24 June 1978).

  20GTG, 124.

  21BD to RG, email, 5 February 2005.

  22GTG, 123–8.

  23GTG, 127.

  24The Times (16 August 1980). YE, 195–6.

  25George Price to GG, 24 August 1981, BC; GG to George Price, telegram, 26 August 1981, BC.

  26GTG, 129.

  27BD to GG, 26 September 1978, BC.

  28BD to RG, email, 29 April 2019.

  29Washington Post (30 May 2011).

  30Inter-American Commission on Human Rights, Press Release: ‘CIDH denounces the weakening of the rule of law in the face of serious human rights violations and crimes against humanity in Nicaragua’, 10 January 2019: http://www.oas.org/en/iachr/media_center/PReleases/2019/006.asp (accessed 25 April 2019).

  31New York Times (26 April 2018).

  32BD to RG, email, 29 April 2019.

  33‘The Virtue of Disloyalty’, Reflections, 314.

  71: The Bomb Party

  1GG, Doctor Fischer of Geneva or The Bomb Party (London: The Bodley Head, 1980), 8.

  2See Christopher Andrew, The Defence of the Realm: The Authorized History of MI5 (London: Penguin, 2009–10), 14.

  3GG, Doctor Fischer of Geneva or The Bomb Party, 134 and 106.

  4Betty Boothroyd to JR, 21 September 1978, Balliol.

  5CW to GG, 18 May 1978, BC.

  6The Times (5 September 1978).

  7Harry Walston to GG, 18 September 1978, BC.

  8GG to CW, 7 November 1951, GU.

  9Durán, 241.

  10Letters, 352.

  11Letters, 353.

  12GG to AB, 16 August 1985, GU; Letters, 353.

  13GG to YC, 20 February 1979, GU.

  14ED to MB, 27 February 1979, Balliol.

  15GG to BD, 19 March 1979, BC.

  16The Times (28 June 1979).

  17GG to Jan Van Loewen, 31 August 1978, BC.

  18See Wise and Hill 2: 156.

  19GG to MB, 16 April 1979, Balliol.

  20GG to Ragnar Svanstrom, 6 April 1979, BC.

  21GG to MR, 15 June 1979, BC.

  22MR to GP, 8 August 1979, BC.

  23The Listener (27 March 1980).

  24New York Times (19 May 1980).

  72: Three Hostages

  1GTG, 133–4.

  2Introduction, Anjali Sundaram and George Gelber, eds, A Decade of War: El Salvador Confronts the Future (London: CIIR, 1991), 11.

  3Harald Jung ‘Class Struggle and Civil War in El Salvador’, in Marvin E. Gettleman et al., eds, El Salvador: Central America in the New Cold War (rev. edn; New York: Grove Press, 1986), 64–85. This book also contains a ‘Political Chronology’, 53–64, which I have relied on extensively in this chapter.

  4‘Rutilio Grande SJ’, The Archbishop Romero Trust: http://www.romerotrust.org.uk/martyrs/rutilio-grande-sj (accessed 7 May 2019).

  5GTG, 133–6.

  6‘Political Chronology’, in Gettleman et al., eds, El Salvador.

  7BD to GG, 6 June 1980, BC.

  8‘Political Chronology’, in Gettleman et al., eds, El Salvador.

  9UPI, 22 February 1981.

  10‘Political Chronology’, in Gettleman et al., eds, El Salvador.

  11Some letters between GG and Ana Carrigan are preserved at BC.

  12Socorro Juridico, El Salvador: One Year of Repression (1981), 11.

  13‘El Salvador Government Rejects Court Ruling on Kidnapped Envoy’, BBC (12 July 2018): https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-44794535 (accessed 4 May 2019).

  14GTG, 136–7.

  15GG to Jeremy B. Shearer, 28 January 1980, BC.

  16Jeremy B. Shearer to GG, 26 June 1980 and 4 March 1981, BC; GTG, 136–7.

  17GTG, 138.

  18Journal, 21 August 1980, GU.

  19Diederich, 221.

  20The description of this meeting is drawn from Diederich, 221–4, and GTG, 140–1.

  21‘The Salvadoran Rebels: Editors’ Introduction’, in Gettleman et al., eds, El Salvador, 189–91.

  22Letters, 368.

  23‘Report of the Truth Commission on El Salvador’ (1993): http://www.derechos.org/nizkor/salvador/informes/truth.html (accessed 4 May 2019).

  24GG to BD, 28 October 1980, BC.

  25BD to GG, 11 September 1980, BC.

  26BD to GG, Telex, 12 February 1981, BC.

  27GTG, 141.

  28The Times (13 July 2018). Further information from www.elsalvador.com (accessed 7 April 2019).

  29La Noticia SV (3 January 2020): https://lanoticiasv.com/familiares-piden-a-fgr-que-investigue-al-expresidente-sanchez-ceren-y-organizaciones-guerrilleras-po (accessed 8 February 2020).

  30Diederich, 237–8.

  31Diederich, 239–43.

  32GTG, 152–7.

  33GG to BD, 28 October 1980, BC.

  34Diederich, 249.

  35Letters, 374.

  36New York Times (5 August 1981).

  37Diederich, 251–2.

  73: J’Accuse

  1GG, J’Accuse (London: The Bodley Head, 1982), 7. This chapter relies on the pamphlet for Greene’s view of events, unless otherwise indicated. It is meant to indicate only what Greene believed to be true. It is not intended to be an objective report of the facts of the marriage and subsequent litigation.

  2GG to YC, 2 March 1979, GU.

  3GG to LD, 2 February 1980, GU. The ellipses indicate deletion of the man’s name.

  4GTG, 46.

  5Letters, 366.

  6Journal, 31 August 1980, GU.

  7GTG, 159.

  8Letters, 369–70.

  9GG to LD, 25 November 1981, GU.

  10New York Times (19 November 1998).

  11GG to LD, 16 November 1981, GU.

  12Euan Cameron to RG, email, 12 May 2019.

  13Letters, 375–6.

  14Le Monde (8 August 1982).

  15Irish Times (19 June 1982).

  16Euan Cameron to RG, email, 13 May 2019,

  17GG to LD, 21 July 1983, GU.

  18GS, Transcript of conversation with YC, 20 April 1990, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  19Pierre Joannon, Interview with RG, 12 April 2016.

  20I am grateful for advice on this subject from Alanna Greene, MSW.

  21Hazzard, 133.

  22GS, transcript of conversation with YC, 20 April 1990, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  74: I Am the Message

  1GG to BD, 30 August 1982, BC.

  2GG to BC, 7 October 1982, BC.

  3Letters, 376.

  4Journal, 3 January 1983, GU.

  5GTG, 163.

  6GG to BD, 25 April 1983, BC.

  7Journal, 5 January 1983, GU.

  8Diederich, 261.

  9Letters, 400.

  10Diederich, 262.

  11GTG, 163.

  12GTG, 170.

  13GTG, 171–2.

  14Journal, 7 January 1983, GU.

  15Diederich, 263.

  16Dieder
ich, 263.

  17See, for example, GTG, 177.

  18GTG, 174–5.

  19Robert S. Leiken and Barry Rubin, ‘The Sandinistas in Power’, in Robert S. Leiken and Barry Rubin, eds, The Central American Crisis Reader (New York: Summit Books, 1987), 205.

  20Bernard Nietschmann, ‘Statement to the OAS’, in Leiken and Rubin, eds, The Central American Crisis Reader, 271–4.

  21GTG, 175.

  22New York Times (16 October 2016).

  23Guardian (1 March 2017).

  24Journal, 10 January 1983, GU.

  25GG to BD, 22 May 1983, BC.

  26GTG, 178–81.

  27Diederich, 268–9.

  28GTG, 181–2.

  29Granma (14 April 1991); Gabriel García Márquez’s recollection of this evening is reprinted in Diederich, 265–7.

  30GTG, 183.

  31Journal, 11 January 1983, GU; GTG, 183.

  75: Better a Bad Man

  1GG to Pierre Joannon, 8 October 1984, BC.

  2Pierre Joannon to RG, email, 17 May 2019.

  3GG to William Igoe, 26 March 1984, BC.

  4Letters, 383–4.

  5The Observer (4 September 1988).

  6See Wise and Hill 2: 207–10, which presents Greene’s full ‘Apologia’ for this novel. I am grateful to Mike Hill for further information about how this novel was written.

  7LD to GG, 15 December 1988, BC.

  8GG to BD, 27 January 1986, BC.

  9New York Times (25 October 1985).

  10GG to BD, 28 January 1986, BC.

  11GG to BD, 28 July 1987, BC.

  12BD to RG, email, 21 May 2019.

  13GG to BD, 28 July 1987, BC.

  14Los Angeles Times (28 July 1987).

  15New York Times (3 August 1987).

  16Letters, 400.

  17GG to Joseph Jeffs, 11 March 1988, BC.

  18David Cornwell (John le Carré) interview with RG, 23 August 2013.

  19GS, transcript of telephone conversation with GG, 13 October 1988, Sutro Collection, Bod.

  20Guardian (9 September 1988).

  21New York Times (23 October 1988).

  76: Two Faces

  1Cloetta, 133.

  2Borovik, 370. For Borovik’s career, see Mitrokhin, particularly p. 297, and ‘Moscow and the Peace Movement: The Soviet Committee for the Defense of Peace’, US Department of State Foreign Affairs Note, May 1987.

  3Cloetta, 130–1.

  4David Cornwell to RG, email, 1 August 2019; see Adam Sisman, John le Carré: The Biography (Toronto: Knopf Canada, 2015), 453–5.