For the Thrill of It
Page 55
Abelson, Lester, 123
Abt, Henry, 38
Addams, Jane, 34
Adler, Aaron, 69–70
Adventures of Jimmie Dale, The (Packard), 35
Ahern, Michael, 296
Allegheny College, 192
Allen, Elbert, 112, 136, 152, 155
Almer Coe and Company, 25–26
Alschuler, Adelia, 74
Altgeld, John Peter, 171, 174–75
Alwood, Fred, 16
Amalgamated Woodworkers Union, 179
American Civil Liberties Union (ACLU), 424
American Federation of Labor (AFL), 181
American Maize Company, 10, 13
American Psychiatric Association, 257, 265, 307, 312, 420–21
American Psychoanalytic Association, 421
American Railway Union, 166, 177
anarchism, 169–70, 183
Anderson, David, 362
Anderson, Dennis, 363
Anthony Trent, Master Criminal (Martin), 35
Antichrist, The (Nietzsche), vii anti-Semitism, 140, 322–23
Aretino, Pietro, 125–26
Ashtabula, Ohio, 166, 168, 174
Atlanta Journal, 416
Bachman, John, 300–301
Bachrach, Benjamin, 143, 292
appearance, 242, 246, 253, 289
as attorney for Leopold family, 230, 231, 246, 289
background, 240–42
calendar in Leopold and Loeb case, 242–44
closing statement for the defense, 365–69
cross-examination of Hugh Patrick, 353
Crowe’s cross-examination of psychiatrists and, 314–15
death of, 447
defense of Jack Johnson, 241–42
fees in Leopold and Loeb case, 238
indictment against Leopold and Loeb, 240–41
moves for joint psychiatric report on mental condition of Leopold and Loeb, 285–88
objects to Crowe’s allegations, 381–83
questioning of Bernard Glueck, 323–27
threats during Leopold and Loeb case, 398
verdict in Leopold and Loeb case, 400
Bachrach, Walter, 257, 278, 280, 289, 303
court hearing on mitigation of punishment for Leopold and Loeb and, 292–94
death of, 447
questioning of Harold Hulbert, 327–34
questioning of William White, 307–11
threats during Leopold and Loeb case, 398
Bain, Rex, 296
Balzac, Honoré de, 73
Barasa, Bernard, 206
Barish, David, 67
Barish, Gertrude, 141, 142
Barker, Gertrude, 23–24
Barnhart, Marvin, 221
Barrett, George, 187, 188
Bartholomew, W. D., 214
Beloved Traitor, The (Packard), 35
Ben-Hur (Wallace), 34
Birmingham Age-Herald, 416
Bither, William, 220
Black Hand kidnapping gangs, 16
Blaine, Edward, 252, 336
Blanton, Thomas Lindsay, 421
Bliss, George, 431
Bookwalter, John, 442–43
Boston Daily Globe, 418
Bowman, Andrew, 363
Bowman, Karl, 245, 246–56
endocrinology and mental health, 250
psychiatric examination of Leopold and Loeb, 251–56
report of, 312, 345–46, 354, 384, 385, 387
Brill, A. A., 420
Brockmeyer, Thomas, 397–98
Brown, Abel, 439, 444
Brown, Sanger, 253
Brundage, Edward, 204, 219, 223
Bryan, William Jennings, 424
Burton, Marion, 55
Caligraph machine, 330
Calkins, Robert, 273
Camponi, Frank, 363
Capone, Al, 425–26
Cardinella, Salvatore, 363
car used in murder of Bobby Franks
blood washed from, 91–93
chauffeur’s testimony and, 127–30
disposal of body and, 85–87
equipment for murder placed in, 78
kidnapping of Bobby Franks and, 81–83
Leopold opens bank account as Morton D. Ballard, 65–66, 291
Leopold rents car, 74, 76, 141, 291
Leopold rents car as rehearsal for murder, 67–68
returned to rental office, 98
Caverly, Charlotte, 391–92
Caverly, John, 21–22, 140
address on his conduct of hearing, 389–90
apartment of, 391–92, 399
assassination of, hoax, 391–92
background, 241
as chief justice in Cook County Criminal Court, 241
as city attorney, 241
death of, 447
death penalty and, 240
decides on admissibility of mitigating testimony, 294–304, 306
guilty plea by Leopold and Loeb, 282–88
hearing on mitigation of punishment, 284–304, 305–19, 324–38, 382–83
as judge in Leopold and Loeb case, 232, 240, 276
not guilty plea by Leopold and Loeb entered before, 240–42
options for punishment in murder cases, 277, 364
sets calendar in Leopold and Loeb case, 242–44
threats during Leopold and Loeb case, 323, 391–93, 398
verdict, 391, 399–403, 414–15, 417
verdict, public reaction, 410–20
Champion Manufacturing Company, 63, 64, 94
Charleston Gazette, 416
Chicago
assassination of mayor, 166–68, 173
Back of the Yards, 359
Black Hand gangs, 16
Columbian Exposition of 1893, 104, 167
crime statistics, 215
Democratic Party in, 6, 168
election of 1920, 205–9
gangland killings, 363, 425
Haymarket bombing, 169–70
Hyde Park, 45, 61, 65, 66, 81, 87, 88, 123
illegal gambling in, 182, 217
Jewish community, 138–39, 140, 221, 419
Kenwood, 30, 45, 61, 79, 80–81, 98, 109, 117, 138–39, 231, 393–94
Ku Klux Klan in, 322–23
labor movement in, 177
Leopold family moves to, 29–30
murder of Janet Wilkinson, 197–201
murder rate, 162, 417, 425
organized crime in, 295, 425–26
police brutality in, 17, 18, 212, 235
police of, contacted about kidnapping of Bobby Franks, 8–9
political corruption, 208–9, 218–24, 425
political reform movement, 218–20
politics, radical and progressive, 168–69
public opinion in Leopold and Loeb case, 237–38, 243, 276–78, 319–23
relationship of police and journalists, 146–47
Republican Party in, 6, 161, 203, 204–5, 426
roundup of pedophiles and homosexuals, 21–22
settlement house movement, 34
spectators at Leopold and Loeb hearings, 239–40, 293, 369–71, 398
violence at polls, 207
voter demographics, 203
West Side political machine, 203, 204
Chicago American, 100, 103, 463
Caverly statement to, 393
Leopold statement to, 396
Chicago Board of Education, 34, 144, 220–22
Chicago Church Federation, 275
Chicago Cubs, 395
Chicago Daily Journal, 207, 218–19, 462, 463, 464
Hughes interview, 233–34
Marshall interview, 234
Chicago Daily News, 12, 103, 119, 120, 463, 464
Loeb leads reporters to drugstore, 101–2
Chicago Daily Tribune, 146, 206, 426, 462–63
calls for death penalty in Fitzgerald case, 200
cartoon, battle of the alienists, 355
cartoon, radio broadcast, 274
case of Emma Simpson, 190
clemency for Grant urged, 414
on Geary case, 297
Glueck interview, 326–27
Leopold interview (1952), 437
on Lundin acquittal, 224
radio broadcast of Leopold and Loeb trial proposed, 272–76
reputation, 239, 462–63
verdict in Leopold and Loeb case and, 417
Chicago Evening Post, 322, 464
Chicago Herald-American, 463
Chicago Herald and Examiner, 146, 213, 463
editorial on guilt of Leopold and Loeb, 237
Leopold and Loeb on guilty plea, 288
Leopold’s statement on his sanity, 254–55
Chicago Latin School, 33
Chicago Sunday Tribune, 462–63
Savage interview on insanity defense, 268–69
Chicago Women’s Club, 34, 39
Church, Archibald, 155–56, 191, 420
Darrow’s cross-examination, 348–52
psychiatric interview of Leopold and Loeb, 156–61
testimony, 339, 346–47
Church of the Brethren, 439, 446
Clabaugh, Hinton, 414–15
Cleveland Plain Dealer, 413
Cliff Mines (Michigan), 29
Clinnin, John, 236
Cocoanut Grove Restaurant, 116
Collins, Cornelius, 418
Collins, Morgan, 15–16, 20, 21–22, 25
communism, 183
Communist Labor Party, 183
Compulsion (film), 445–46, 450–51
Compulsion (Levin), 445–46, 450, 451
Cook County Criminal Court, 256, 426
Caverly as chief justice, 241
Darrow in practice before, 170–72, 183–84
hearing on mitigation of punishment for Leopold and Loeb, 284–390
indictment against Leopold and Loeb, 232–44
insanity commissions, 153
Leopold and Loeb enter plea, 239–42
Prendergast case, 170–72
trial of Communist Labor Party, 183
trial of Emma Simpson, 191–92
trial of Russell Pethick, 187
trial of Thomas Fitzgerald, 200–201
Cook County Criminal Court Building, Chicago, 141, 142. See also Cook County Criminal Court
Crowe press conference at, after confessions, 136
Leopold and Loeb questioned at, 112–17, 122–23, 128–30
spectators at, 143, 239–40, 369–71, 377, 399–400
Cook County jail, 255
Bowman-Hulbert examination of Leopold and Loeb, 247–55
executions in, 169, 201
jailbreak attempt, 255
Leopold and Loeb in, 228, 232, 247, 288, 340–41, 394–96
Leopold’s cell, 341
Leopold suicide rumor, 340–41
Loeb’s cell, 341
Pethick in, 186
warden, 247, 340–41, 395
Coppersmith, Ella and Jack, 185–86, 187
coroner’s report on Bobby Franks, 21, 234, 291, 382
court hearing on mitigation of punishment for Leopold and Loeb, 3, 284–390
age of defendants as mitigating factor, 362, 365–66, 402–3
Bachrach’s closing statement, 365–69
Bowman-Hulbert report, 27, 312, 345–46, 354, 384, 385, 387
Caverly address on conduct of hearing, 389–90
Caverly decision on admissibility of mitigating testimony, 306
as contest between Darrow and Crowe, 162
cost to public, 320
Crowe alleges rape of Bobby Franks, 380–83
Crowe alleges secret crimes by Loeb, 383–89
Crowe’s strategy, 291, 293–304
Crowe’s summation, 357, 379–89
Darrow objects to state’s witnesses, 291
Darrow’s appearance, 292, 370, 377
Darrow’s cross-examination, 348–52
Darrow’s summation, 357, 369–79
defense team, 289, 290
defense witnesses, 292–93, 303, 305–46
endocrinological evidence, 327–34
Geary case precedent, 295–99
Lowhone case precedent, 300–302
Marshall’s closing statement, 361–65
mental illness and, 284, 364–69
mitigating factors, 284, 401–2
opposing philosophies of crime and punishment and, 162
prosecution team, 290
prosecution witnesses, 291, 300, 342–57
psychiatric testimony, 292–93, 303, 307–11, 315–18, 323–34, 342–46
ransom as aggravating factor, 364–65, 385–88
security instituted, 398–99
sentencing date set, 390
spectators, 369–71, 377, 399–400
state’s cross-examination, 312–15, 318–19, 326–38
testimony of Jacob Franks, 290–91
threats of lynching, 398–99
Couzens, James, 55
Cowles, Edward S., 420
Cox, Benjamin, 275
Crapo, Leonard, 363
Cravens, J. B., 66
crime and punishment. See also death penalty
as consequence of economic and social conditions, 215
Darrow’s philosophy, 161, 165, 174–75, 183–85, 192–96, 245, 250–51, 374–76
determinism and, 161, 174–75, 185–86, 195–96, 216, 374–76, 455
endocrinology and, 250–51
free will and, 174, 215–16, 245, 266, 455
Glueck’s theory, 263
medicalizing ideology, 266–67
mental derangement and, 185–89, 262, 263
organized crime, 216
Prohibition and, 216
punishment as destructive and detrimental, 175
punishment as deterrent, 161, 173–74, 216
recidivism, 175
rehabilitation and, 263
scientism and, 192–96
social maladjustment and, 263
Crime and Punishment (Dostoyevsky), ix
Crime: Its Cause and Treatment (Darrow), 192–93, 194
crime scene, 10–12, 13, 85–87
body discovered, 10–12, 96, 233
corpse, condition of, 11, 12, 17
disposal of body at, 85–87
eyeglasses at, 11, 12, 13, 25–26, 87, 105
Leopold and Loeb choose drainage culvert to hide the body, 62
Crot, William, 111
Crowe, Robert, 197–224
aftermath of Leopold and Loeb case, 424–26
alibi of Leopold and Loeb broken, 127–28
alleges new secrets about murder, 383–89
alleges rape of Bobby Franks, 380–83
appearance, 198, 202
assistants in Leopold and Loeb case, 240, 290
attorney to Police Trial Board, 204
background, 198
blocking insanity plea defense, 151–61, 236, 271–72
brings Leopold in for questioning, 108, 109–11
calendar in Leopold and Loeb case and, 242–44
case against Carl Wanderer, 210–14
case of Frank Lowhone and, 300–302
case against Fred Lundin, 220–24
case against Thomas Fitzgerald, 197–201, 206, 209, 372
case of Eugene Geary and, 295–99
characterization of crime, 3
confessions of Leopold and Loeb, 131–43, 235–36
cross-examination of Glueck, 326–37
cross-examination of Healy, 318–19
cross-examination of Hulbert, 334–38
cross-examination of White, 312–15
crusade against illegal gambling, 217–18
Darrow’s cross-examination of state’s psychiatrists and, 352
death of, 447
death penalty and, 197, 206, 209
death penalty in Leopold and Loeb case sought, 161, 233–34, 235, 238, 243, 270–72, 287–88, 290, 358–59, 371–72, 388–89, 417–1
8
early theory of crime, 22–23
E. G. Marshall plays in Compulsion, 450
election of 1920 and, 206–9
enmity toward Darrow, 161, 165
evidence mounts against Leopold and Loeb, 119–26
fame of, 214
fights habeas corpus for Leopold and Loeb, 231–32
fights hearing on mitigation in Leopold and Loeb case, 286–304
grand jury proceedings, Leopold and Loeb case, 232–35
gray Winton automobile sought by, 20
guilty plea by Leopold and Loeb and, 283–84
hearing on mitigation of punishment for Leopold and Loeb, 291–390
insanity defense and, 271–72
as judge, 198, 202, 205–6, 372
links Underwood typewriter to Leopold, 120–26
meeting with Leopold’s father, 150–51
moves for a speedy trial, 237
murder investigation, 145–46
office of, 152, 155, 160
parole of Leopold and, 438
philosophy of crime and punishment, 162, 216
police brutality and, 109
political ambitions, 201–2, 210, 217, 223, 224, 455
political power of, 219
preparation for trial, 140
press and, 213, 214, 217, 235–36, 272, 288–89
press conference after confessions, 136
on psychiatric evidence in Leopold and Loeb case, 286–88
psychiatric examination of Leopold and Loeb and, 151–61, 270–72
questions Leopold at Criminal Court Building, 112–17, 122–23
questions Loeb at Criminal Court Building, 116–17, 128–30
as Republican, 202, 206–8
retracing of Leopold and Loeb’s steps on day of murder, 140–43
Samuel Ettelson and, 6
on sexual compact of Leopold and Loeb, 316
statement to media on Leopold and Loeb homosexuality, 405–6
as state’s attorney for Cook County, 198, 201, 206–18, 463
summation at court hearing, 357, 379–89
suspects in murder and, 17
tortoiseshell glasses investigated, 26
verdict in Leopold and Loeb case and, 404
Curran, Louis, 55
Dailey, James (Bull), 208
Daly’s Restaurant, 145
Danielson, O. A., 273, 274
Dargan, Preston, 72–74
Darnell, Carl, 252, 336
Darrow, Amirus, 174, 192
Darrow, Clarence, 165–96
aftermath of Leopold and Loeb case, 422–24
at Allegheny College, 192
appeal in Leopold and Loeb case readied, 396–97
appearance of, 144, 168, 228–29, 230, 242, 246, 289, 292, 324, 370, 377
in Ashtabula, Ohio, 166, 168, 174
as attorney for labor movement, 166, 176, 177–78, 179–82
autobiography of, 464
Bowman-Hulbert examination of Leopold and Loeb, 246–56
calendar in Leopold and Loeb case and, 242–44
case of Charles Healey, 183