For the Thrill of It

by Simon Baatz

  CHAPTER 16: SENTENCING

  1. “Text of Judge Caverly’s Decision of 1,000 Words,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 11 September 1924.

  2. “Crank Phoned Wife Caverly Was Shot,” Chicago American, 2 September 1924; “Leopold Hopes, If Hanged, to Test Hereafter,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 3 September 1924.

  3. “Mumbler Looking for Caverly Held,” Chicago American, 5 September 1924.

  4. Charles V. Slattery, “Caverly Sifts Murder Evidence,” Chicago Herald and Examiner, 30 August 1924; “Moving Day in Court Building Delays Caverly,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 30 August 1924.

  5. Edward L. Corey, “‘Mind Not Made Up’—Caverly,” Chicago American, 5 September 1924.

  6. “Franks Sell Their Home of Cruel Memory,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, 31 August 1924.

  7. “Reminders of ‘Bobby’s’ Fate Cause Sale of Franks House,” New York Times, 1 September 1924; “Franks Sell.”

  8. “Loebs to Sell Home to Escape Haunting Memories, Is Report,” Chicago American, 9 September 1924.

  9. “Loeb Recalls Last Time He Danced to Tune He Hears Visitor Whistle,” Chicago American, 4 September 1924.

  10. Betty Walker, “Girl, Society Matron, See Two Slayers,” Chicago Herald and Examiner, 30 August 1924.

  11. “Memoirs Planned by Franks Slayer,” New York Times, 4 September 1924.

  12. “Leopold to Write Story of His Life,” Chicago American, 3 September 1924.

  13. “Leopold Wants to Bet That He Will Be Hanged,” The Sun (New York), 9 September 1924; “Betting 3 to 1 Leopold, Loeb Will Not Hang,” Detroit Free Press, 10 September 1924.

  14. “Leopold Hopes,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 3 September 1924; “Leopold Prepares for Death by Writing His Will in Prison,” The Sun (New York), 3 September 1924.

  15. “Gene Geary to Guide Loeb and Pal,” Chicago American, 2 September 1924.

  16. Corey, “‘Mind Not Made Up’”; “Rope Penalty for Slayers Means Fight,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 1 September 1924.

  17. “Gene Geary,” Chicago American, 2 September 1924; “4 Alienists Are Ready to Testify Leopold Jr. and Loeb Are Insane,” Chicago American, 4 September 1924; “Darrow Plans New Moves to Aid Boys,” The Sun (New York), 4 September 1924.

  18. “Last Plea May Save Slayers from the Gallows,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 4 September 1924; “Dooms Young Slayer to Gallows; Relents,” Chicago Daily News, 14 June 1924; “Russell Scott, Loop Slayer, Gets Chance for Life,” Chicago Evening Post, 11 July 1924.

  19. “Call Riflemen as Escort for Caverly after Threats,” Chicago American, 9 September 1924.

  20. “Guards Arm for Loeb Sentence,” Chicago American, 8 September 1924; “Call Riflemen.”

  21. “Killer’s Alienist Afraid, Is Given Bluecoat Guard,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 11 September 1924.

  22. “Life or Death Ruling Today,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 10 September 1924.

  23. “Loeb’s Father Stricken,” New York Times, 7 September 1924; “Slayers of Franks Boy Get Life Terms,” The Sun (New York), 10 September 1924.

  24. “Today’s Radio Programs,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 10 September 1924.

  25. “Text,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 11 September 1924.

  26. “Life for Slayers of Franks,” Chicago Daily News, 10 September 1924.

  27. “Text”; “Slayers of Franks, Too Young to Hang, Get Life Sentence,” New York Evening Post, 10 September 1924.

  28. Robert M. Lee, “Joliet Gets Slayers Today,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 11 September 1924.

  29. “Darrow Elated at Caverly’s Decision,” Chicago Daily News, 10 September 1924.

  30. “Never Set Boys Free, Crowe Warns Board,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 12 September 1924.

  31. “Franks’ Mother Glad It’s Over,” San Francisco Chronicle, 11 September 1924.

  p1 32. “Never Set Boys Free.”

  33. “Slayers’ Trip from Jail to Prison,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 12 September 1924.

  34. Harry C. Read, “How Joliet Would Treat Boy Slayers,” Chicago American, 2 September 1924.

  35. “Chair Factory Benches Await Killers at Pen,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 11 September 1924; Read, “How Joliet”; Tyrrell Krum, “Killers in ‘Solitary’ Cells,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 12 September 1924.

  CHAPTER 17: THE AFTERMATH

  1. Clarence Darrow to Adolph Germer, December 1924, Folder 1, Box 4, Adolph Germer Papers, Wisconsin Historical Society.

  2. Ruby Darrow to Lincoln Steffens, n.d. (1925), Series II, Lincoln Steffens Papers, Columbia University.

  3. Editorial, “Franks Slayers’ Sentence Helps to Explain Herrin,” Newark Evening News, 10 September 1924.

  4. Editorial, “Judge Caverly’s Sentence,” The Bulletin (San Francisco), 10 September 1924; Editorial, “The Franks Case Decision,” Kansas City Post, 10 September 1924.

  5. Editorial, “The Mercy of the Court,” New York Times, 11 September 1924.

  6. Editorial, “The Life Sentence,” St. Paul Dispatch, 10 September 1924.

  7. Editorial, “The Mind of the Judge,” The Sun (New York), 16 September 1924.

  8. Editorial, “Perfectly Comprehensible,” Detroit Free Press, 15 September 1924; Editorial, “Consistency,” Cleveland Plain Dealer, 14 September 1924.

  9. “Pleads to Save Son from Gallows,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, 14 September 1924; Editorial, “Grant’s Sentence Should Now Be Commuted,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 13 September 1924.

  10. “Bernard Grant Wins Reprieve of Three Months,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, 21 September 1924.

  11. “Says Leopold and Loeb Can Be Paroled in 1935,” New York Times, 1 September 1926.

  12. “Power to Pardon Loeb and Leopold Held by Governor,” Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), 11 September 1924.

  13. Editorial, “Judge Caverly’s Decision,” St. Louis Globe-Democrat, 11 September 1924.

  14. Robert T. Small, “Press of Nation Condemns Leopold-Loeb Sentence as Proof of Two-Law System,” Atlanta Journal, 11 September 1924; Editorial, “The Loeb-Leopold Case,” Commercial Appeal (Memphis), 11 September 1924.

  15. Editorial, “The Chicago Verdict,” Birmingham Age-Herald, 11 September 1924; Editorial, “Life Imprisonment,” Charleston Gazette, 11 September 1924.

  16. Editorial, “A Victory for Murder,” The Courier-Journal (Louisville), 11 September 1924.

  17. Editorial, “Disintegrating Society,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 19 September 1924.

  18. “Girl Confesses Murder,” Chicago Daily News, 30 August 1924; “Girl Confesses Slaying Woman,” Chicago Herald and Examiner, 31 August 1924; “Vote to Indict Two Girls as Slayers,” Chicago American, 3 September 1924.

  19. “Young Slayers, 2 Pretty Girls, Ask for Darrow,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 2 September 1924.

  20. “Comments on Decision in the Franks Case,” Boston Daily Globe, 11 September 1924.

  21. “Franks Decision Divides Public,” The Sun (New York), 11 September 1924; “Poor Boy of 19 Seeks a Pardon in Illinois to Escape Hanging,” The Sun (New York), 15 September 1924.

  22. I. L. Bril, Editorial, “Our Civilization to Blame,” Jewish Daily News, 11 September 1924.

  23. “Comments,” Boston Daily Globe, 11 September 1924.

  24. Editorial, “We Must Make a Change,” San Francisco Chronicle, 12 September 1924; Editorial, “Alienists in Criminal Trials,” Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), 12 September 1924.

  25. “Blanton Will Air New Charges Soon,” Evening Star (Washington, D.C.), 1 April 1926.

  26. [J. R. McCarl], Investigation of St. Elizabeths Hospital (Washington, D.C.: Government Printing Office, 1927), 126–127; “Condemns Hospital for Federal Insane,” New York Times, 17 December 1926.

  27. “Dr. William White, Psychiatrist, Dies,” New York Times, 8 March 1937.

  28. “Only Poor Hang, Darrow Says in Gotham Debate,” New York Times, 27 October 1924; Debate, Resolved: That Capital Punishment Is a Wise Public Policy. Clarence Darrow, Negative; Judge Alfred J. Talley, Affirmative (New York: League for Public Discu
ssion, 1924), 41.

  29. “New Hospital Organized to Check Mental Diseases,” New York Times, 11 May 1924; “Darrow Likes Plan for ‘Crime Hospital,’” New York Times, 22 September 1924.

  30. Edward Larson, Summer for the Gods: The Scopes Trial and America’s Continuing Debate over Science and Religion (New York: Basic Books, 1997).

  31. John Kobler, Capone: The Life and World of Al Capone (New York: Putnam, 1971), 176–179; Laurence Bergren, Capone: The Man and the Era (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1994), 162–165.

  32. “Emmerson Wins by 400,000,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 11 April 1928.

  33. Nathan F. Leopold, Life Plus 99 Years (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958), 87–88.

  34. Ibid., 132.

  35. Gladys Erickson, Warden Ragen of Joliet (New York: Dutton, 1957), 42–47; James B. Jacobs, Stateville: The Penitentiary in Mass Society (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1977), 20–25.

  36. Jacobs, Stateville, 22; Leopold, Life Plus 99 Years, 173, 175, 177, 180–181, 193, 216, 223–235.

  37. Nathan F. Leopold Jr. [William F. Lanne, pseud.], “Parole Prediction as Science,” Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology 26 (1935–1936): 377–400; Leopold, Life Plus 99 Years, 251–264.

  38. “New Evidence of Loeb Prison Rule Revealed,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 1 February 1936; Erickson, Warden Ragen, 80.

  39. “Horner Yields to Demand for Prison Inquiry,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, 2 February 1936; “Prison a Homey Club with Dues, Felons Declare,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 21 February 1936; “Two Convicts Tell Favors to Loeb in Prison,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 3 June 1936.

  40. “Kills Loeb; Prison Scandal,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 29 January 1936; Seymour Korman, “Seek Death Jury to Try Convict Slayer of Loeb,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 26 May 1936.

  41. Leopold, Life Plus 99 Years, 266–270.

  42. In 1929 Illinois changed its method of execution to the electric chair.

  43. Leopold, Life Plus 99 Years, 284.

  44. Ibid., 281–283.

  45. “Prison Malaria,” Life 15 (June 1945): 43–46, 48; Charles Remsberg, “The Convict & Medical Research,” Kiwanis Magazine 46 (April 1961): 38–40, 49–50; Leopold, Life Plus 99 Years, 306.

  46. George Wright, “Heirens Tells More Crime Details—Talks Five Hours,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 24 July 1946; “Heirens Tells How He Strangled Suzanne Degnan, 6, and Carried Her Body from Home Down Ladder,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 7 August 1946.

  47. Genevieve Scott, “Heirens Just an ‘Ordinary Guy’ to Classmates,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, 30 June 1946.

  48. “Leopold Term Cut 14 Years; Parole Possible in 1953,” Chicago Daily Sun Times, 23 September 1949.

  49. Clayton Kirkpatrick, “Model Prisoner Leopold Numb at Idea of Freedom,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 11 August 1952.

  50. Marcia Winn, “Is 33 Years Enough to Pay? Asks Leopold,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, 10 March 1957; Marcia Winn, “Should Leopold Be Paroled?” Chicago Sunday Tribune, 2 June 1957.

  51. James Doherty, “How Leopold Asked Parole,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 9 January 1953; John Bartlow Martin, “Murder on His Conscience,” Saturday Evening Post 2 (23 April 1955): 135.

  52. Martin, “Murder,” 135.

  53. Elmer Gertz, A Handful of Clients (Chicago: Follett, 1965), 97.

  54. Doherty, “How Leopold.”

  55. “Leopold Parole Bid Denied,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 15 May 1953; Martin, “Murder,” 135.

  56. “Florida Says No to a Job for Leopold,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 12 March 1958; Gertz, Handful of Clients, 38–39; Roy Brown, “Leopold’s Life Ahead,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 13 March 1958.

  57. Gertz, Handful of Clients, 54–55.

  58. Ibid., 62–63.

  59. Joseph Egelhof, “Misled by Loeb: Leopold,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 6 February 1958; Gertz, Handful of Clients, 61.

  60. Gertz, Handful of Clients, 100.

  61. Ibid., 102.

  62. “JACK EIGEN speaking,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 8 March 1958; Gertz, Handful of Clients, 103.

  63. Tom Littlewood, “Leopold Wins Freedom after 33 Years in Cell; Touhy Also Gets Parole,” Chicago Daily Sun-Times, 21 February 1958; Gertz, Handful of Clients, 115–116.

  64. Gertz, Handful of Clients, 116.

  65. Joseph Egelhof, “Illness Mars Leopold’s First Day on Parole,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 14 March 1958; Gertz, Handful of Clients, 117.

  66. “Leopold Due on Job Today in Puerto Rico,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 15 March 1958; Leopold Lands in Puerto Rico; Happy, He Says,” Chicago Sunday Tribune, 16 March 1958. Leopold’s graduate thesis was published as Nathan Freudenthal Leopold, “Caracteristicas Sicosociales de un Grupo de Miembros Pertenecientes a la Socieda de Alcohólicos Anónimos en la Penitencieria Estatal” (MA thesis, University of Puerto Rico, 1961).

  67. Brown, “Leopold’s Life Ahead”; “Leopold Will Study Year at Puerto Rico U.,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 1 August 1959.

  68. “Leopold Sues Levin, Zanuck over Novel,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 3 October 1959.

  69. Meyer Levin, The Obsession (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1973), 225, 227.

  70. “Leopold Loses His Privacy Suit,” Chicago Tribune, 28 May 1970.

  71. Ray Brennan, “Leopold’s Fiancée Tells of Romance in Letter,” Chicago Sun-Times, 12 January 1961; “Leopold and Widow Marry in Puerto Rico,” Chicago Daily Tribune, 8 February 1961.

  72. Elmer Gertz, To Life (New York: McGraw-Hill, 1974), 192–193.

  73. “Nathan Leopold Dies at Age 66,” Chicago Tribune, 30 August 1971; “Leopold ‘Atonement’ Over, Widow States,” Chicago Tribune, 31 August 1971.

  LEOPOLD AND LOEB IN FICTION

  1. Harry Salpeter, “F. Scott Fitzgerald Becomes Oracle,” The World (New York), 3 April 1927.

  2. Nigel Jones, Through a Glass Darkly: The Life of Patrick Hamilton (London: Scribner, 1991), 153–159; Sean French, Patrick Hamilton: A Life (London: Faber and Faber, 1993), 101–104.

  3. Donald Spoto, The Art of Alfred Hitchcock: Fifty Years of His Motion Pictures, 2nd ed. (New York: Doubleday, 1992), 166–172; Robin Wood, Hitchcock’s Films Revisited (New York: Columbia University Press, 1989), 349–357; Patrick McGilligan, Alfred Hitchcock: A Life in Darkness and Light (New York: HarperCollins, 2003), 419–420.

  4. James Yaffe, Nothing but the Night (Boston, MA: Little, Brown, 1957); Mary-Carter Roberts, Little Brother Fate (New York: Farrar, Straus, and Cudahy, 1957); Meyer Levin, Compulsion (New York: Simon and Schuster, 1956).

  5. Barbara Leaming, Orson Welles (New York: Viking, 1985), 440–445.

  6. John Logan, Never the Sinner: The Leopold and Loeb Story (New York: Overlook, 1999).

  SOURCES

  1. Hal Higdon, The Crime of the Century: The Leopold and Loeb Case (New York: Putnam, 1975); Paula S. Fass, “Making and Remaking an Event: The Leopold and Loeb Case in American Culture,” Journal of American History 80 (1993): 919–951; Laurel Duchowny, “Life Plus 99 Years: Nathan Leopold and Chicago Criminology,” Journal of Contemporary Criminal Justice 21 (2005): 336–349; Scott W. Howe, “Reassessing the Individualization Mandate in Capital Sentencing: Darrow’s Defense of Leopold and Loeb,” Iowa Law Review 79 (1993–1994): 989–1071.

  2. Darrow published his version of the speech as Clarence Darrow’s Plea in Defense of Loeb and Leopold (Girard, KS: Haldeman-Julius, 1926).

  3. Lloyd Wendt, Chicago Tribune: The Rise of a Great American Newspaper (Chicago: Rand McNally, 1979), 480–486.

  4. The history of the Hearst newspapers in Chicago is recounted in George Murray, The Madhouse on Madison Street (Chicago: Follett, 1965).

  5. Frank Luther Mott, American Journalism: A History, 1690–1960, 3rd ed. (New York: Macmillan, 1972), 562–564, 662.

  6. Joseph P. Savage, A Man Named Savage (New York: Vantage, 1975).

  7. Clarence Darrow, The Story of My Life (New York: Scribner, 1932), 226–243.

  8. Nathan F. Leopold Jr., Life Plus 99 Years (Garden City, NY: Doubleday, 1958).

  SEARCH
ABLE TERMS

  Note: Entries in this index, carried over verbatim from the print edition of this title, are unlikely to correspond to the pagination of any given e-book reader. However, entries in this index, and other terms, may be easily located by using the search feature of your e-book reader.