The War Against the Working Class

by Will Podmore

  61. Kevin McDermott, p. 87, Stalin and Stalinism, Chapter 3, pp. 72-89, in Stephen A. Smith, editor, The Oxford handbook of the history of communism, Oxford University Press, 2014.

  Chapter 3 Towards world war

  1. J. V. Stalin, Problems of Leninism, Peking: Foreign Languages Press, 1976, p. 528.

  2. See Sarah Davies and James Harris, Stalin’s world: dictating the Soviet order, Yale University Press, 2015, p. 66. See also their pp. 60-7, 77 and 87-8.

  3. David L. Hoffmann, p. 100, The conceptual and practical origins of Soviet state violence, Chapter 5, pp. 89-104, in James Harris, editor, The anatomy of terror: political violence under Stalin, Oxford University Press, 2013.

  4. Oleg Khlevnyuk, p. 172, The objectives of the Great Terror, 1937-1938, Chapter 7, pp. 158-76, in Julian Cooper, Maureen Perrie and E. A. Rees, editors, Soviet history, 1917-53: essays in honour of R. W. Davies, St Martin’s Press, 1995.

  5. Edward Acton and Tom Stableford, editors, The Soviet Union: a documentary history, Volume 1 1917-1940, University of Exeter Press, 2005, p. 373.

  6. Robert Thurston, Life and terror in Stalin’s Russia, 1934-1941, Yale University Press, 1996, p. 26.

  7. Mémoirs de Jules Humbert-Droz. De Lénine à Staline. Dix ans au service de l’internationale communiste 1921-1931, Neufchâtel: A la Baconnière, 1971, pp. 379-80.

  8. Both cited p. 7, Grover Furr, The continuing revolution in Stalin-era Soviet history, http://lalkar.org/issues/contents/jul2014/grover.html, accessed 6 August 2014.

  9. Cited p. 3, Grover Furr, The continuing revolution in Stalin-era Soviet history, http://lalkar.org/issues/contents/jul2014/grover.html, accessed 6 August 2014.

  10. J. Arch Getty and Oleg V. Naumov, Yezhov: the rise of Stalin’s ‘iron fist’, Yale University Press, 2008, pp. 141-2.

  11. J. Arch Getty and Oleg V. Naumov, Yezhov: the rise of Stalin’s ‘iron fist’, Yale University Press, 2008, pp. 142-3.

  12. See Grover Furr, The murder of Sergei Kirov: history, scholarship and the anti-Stalin paradigm, Erythros Press and Media, 2013.

  13. Cited p. 229, Grover Furr, The murder of Sergei Kirov: history, scholarship and the anti-Stalin paradigm, Erythros Press and Media, 2013. See his pp. 229 and 233.

  14. Grover Furr and Vladimir Bobrov, pp. 16-7, Nikolai Bukharin’s first statement of confession in the Lubianka, Cultural Logic, 2007, 37 pp.

  15. http://www.marxists.org/archive/bukharin/works/1938/trial/1.htm, accessed 19 March 2013.

  16. Sarah Davies and James Harris, Stalin’s world: dictating the Soviet order, Yale University Press, 2015, p. 91.

  17. Genevieve Tabouis, They called me Cassandra, Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1942, p. 257.

  18. Winston S. Churchill, The Second World War, Volume 1, The gathering storm, Houghton Mifflin Harcourt, 1986, p. 258. For more on the Tukhachevsky plot, see Geoffrey Bailey, The conspirators, Harper & Brothers, 1960, pp. 135-40, 176-90 and 212-24; on Tukhachevsky’s talks with the German High Command, see his p. 190.

  19. See Grover Furr, Blood lies: the evidence that every accusation against Joseph Stalin and the Soviet Union in Timothy Snyder’s ‘Bloodlands’ is false, Red Star Publishers, 2014, p. 193.

  20. Louis P. Lochner, editor, The Goebbels diaries: 1942-1943, Hamish Hamilton, 1948, p. 277. On Tukhachevsky, see Grover Furr, Evidence of Leon Trotsky’s collaboration with Germany and Japan, Cultural Logic, 2009, pp. 108-37.

  21. Socialist Appeal, New York: Socialist Party of New York, Left Wing Branches, 20 November 1937, Vol. 1, No. 15, pp. 5 and 7. Quotation from first paragraph, p. 5. Reprinted in Leon Trotsky, Writings, 1937-1938, Pathfinder Press, 1970.

  22. Cited p. 423, Adam Ulam, Stalin: the man and his era, Allen Lane, 1974.

  23. See Grover Furr, The continuing revolution in Stalin-era Soviet history, http://lalkar.org/issues/contents/jul2014/grover.html, p. 7, accessed 6 August 2014.

  24. Leon Trotsky, Transitional programme for socialist revolution, (1938), Pathfinder Press, 1971, p. 106.

  25. Bulletin of the Opposition, October 1933.

  26. Interview reported in the New York Evening Journal, 26 January 1937.

  27. American Mercury, March 1937, reprinted in Leon Trotsky, The revolution betrayed: what is the Soviet Union and where is it going? Faber & Faber, 1937, p. 216.

  28. See Grover Furr, Khrushchev lied: the evidence that every ‘revelation’ of Stalin’s (and Beria’s) ‘crimes’ in Nikita Khrushchev’s infamous ‘secret speech’ to the 20th Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on February 25, 1956, is provably false, Erythrós Press & Media, corrected edition, July 2011, pp. 4 and 199. On Khrushchev’s record of repression, see his pp. 201-5, 213 and 250-7.

  29. Cited p. 115, Robert W. Thurston, Life and terror in Stalin’s Russia, 1934-1941, Yale University Press, 1996.

  30. Cited footnote 19, p. 674, Michael Ellman, Stalin and the Soviet famine of 1932-33 revisited, Europe-Asia Studies, June 2007, Vol. 59, No. 4, pp. 663-93.

  31. Frederick Schuman, Soviet politics at home and abroad, Robert Hale Limited, 1948, p. 198.

  32. Both cited p. 75, Stuart D. Goldman, Nomonhan, 1939: the Red Army’s victory that shaped World War II, Naval Institute Press, 2012.

  33. Official Report of Parliamentary Debates, 6 October 1938.

  34. Anna L. Strong, The Soviets expected it, New York: The Dial Press, 1941, p. 147.

  35. Louise Grace Shaw, The British political elite and the Soviet Union 1937-1939, Frank Cass, 2003, p. 127.

  36. Paul Hehn, A low dishonest decade: the great powers, Eastern Europe, and the economic origins of World War Two, 1930-1941, New York: Continuum, 2002, p. 287.

  37. Paul Hehn, A low dishonest decade: the great powers, Eastern Europe, and the economic origins of World War Two, 1930-1941, New York: Continuum, 2002, p. 398.

  38. Warren Kimball, Forged in war: Roosevelt, Churchill, and the Second World War, William Morrow and Company, 1997, p. 29.

  39. Andrew Alexander, America and the imperialism of ignorance: US foreign policy since 1945, Biteback Publishing, 2012, p. 8.

  40. Clement Leibovitz and Alvin Finkel, In our time: the Chamberlain-Hitler collusion, Monthly Review Press, 1998, pp. 21-2 and 32.

  41. E. L. Woodward and Rohan Butler, editors, Documents on British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939, Third Series, Volume III, 1938-9, HMSO, 1950, p. 306.

  42. E. L. Woodward and Rohan Butler, editors, Documents in British Foreign Policy, 1919-1939, Third Series, Volume III, 1938-9, HMSO, 1950, p. 307.

  43. See Robert Service, Trotsky: a biography, Macmillan, 2009, pp. 459-60.

  44. See Ronald Suny, The Soviet experiment: Russia, the USSR, and the successor states, Oxford University Press, 1998, p. 300.

  45. Leon Trotsky, Problem of the Ukraine, Socialist Appeal, 9 May 1939, and, The independence of the Ukraine and sectarian muddleheads, 30 July 1939, Writings of Leon Trotsky 1939-40, New York, 1977, pp. 44-54.

  46. Frederick Schuman, Soviet politics at home and abroad, Robert Hale Limited, 1948, p. 275.

  47. Geoffrey Roberts, p. 73, The Soviet decision for a pact with Nazi Germany, Soviet Studies, 1992, Vol. 44, No. 1, pp. 57-78.

  48. Richard Overy, Russia’s war, Allen Lane, 1998, p. 5.

  49. Samantha Carl, pp. 8 and 18, The buildup of the German war economy: the importance of the Nazi-Soviet economic agreements of 1939 and 1940, Electronic Journal of Annual Holocaust Conference Papers, 1999, http://www.millersville.edu/holocon/files/The%20Buildup%20of%20the%20German%20War%20Economy.pdf, accessed on 22 April 2013.

  50. See Anthony Read and David Fisher, The deadly embrace, New York: Norton, 1988, p. 482.

  51. Roy Medvedev, Let history judge, New York: Columbia University Press, 1989, p. 735.

  52. Geoffrey Roberts, The unholy alliance: Stalin’s pact with Hitler, I. B. Tauris, 1989, p. 223.

  53. Timoth
y Snyder, Bloodlands: Europe between Hitler and Stalin, The Bodley Head, 2010, p. 126.

  54. Cited p. 18, Stephen G. Fritz, Ostkrieg: Hitler’s war of extermination in the East, University Press of Kentucky, 2011.

  55. George Ginsburgs, p. 73, A case study in the Soviet use of international law: eastern Poland in 1939, American Journal of International Law, 1958, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 69-84.

  56. Cited p. 249, Edgar Snow, People on our side, Random House, 1944.

  57. George Ginsburgs, p. 80, A case study in the Soviet use of international law: eastern Poland in 1939, American Journal of International Law, 1958, Vol. 52, No. 1, pp. 69-84.

  58. W. S. Churchill, The Second World War, Volume 1, The gathering storm, Cassell & Co., 1949, p. 403.

  59. Parliamentary Debates, 5th Series, Volume 351; House of Commons; London; 1939; Col. 996.

  60. Cited p. 37, Gabriel Gorodetsky, Grand delusion: Stalin and the German invasion of Russia, Yale University Press, 1999.

  61. Cabinet Papers, CAB 65-2, 85-10, 16 October 1939, The National Archives.

  62. Cited p. 82, Anna Louise Strong, The Stalin era, New York: Mainstream Publishers, 1957.

  63. See Caroline Kennedy-Pipe, Russia and the world 1917-1991, Arnold, 1998, p. 47.

  64. See Mark Arnold-Forster, The world at war, Collins, 1973, p. 33; D. F. Fleming, The Cold War and its origins, Volume 2, Allen & Unwin, 1961, pp. 97-104; and I. Fleischhauer, ‘Soviet foreign policy and the origins of the Hitler-Stalin pact’, pp. 27-45, B. Wegner, editor, From peace to war: Germany, Soviet Russia and the world, 1939-1941, Oxford: Berghahn Books, 1997.

  65. See William P. and Zelda K. Coates, The Soviet-Finnish campaign: military and political 1939-40, Eldon Press, 1942.

  66. L. S. Amery, My political life, Volume 3, the unforgiving years 1929-1940, Hutchinson, 1955, pp. 347 and 345.

  67. See Patrick R. Osborn, Operation Pike: Britain versus the Soviet Union, 1939-1941, Greenwood Press, 2000, pp. 91-2.

  68. See L. S. Amery, My political life: Volume 3, the unforgiving years 1929-1940, Hutchinson, 1955, p. 346.

  69. Cited p. 381, Ronald Steel, Walter Lippmann and the American century, Bodley Head, 1980.

  70. See Chris Bellamy, Absolute war: Soviet Russia in the Second World War: a modern history, Macmillan, 2007, p. 71.

  71. See Patrick R. Osborn, Operation Pike: Britain versus the Soviet Union, 1939-1941, Greenwood Press, 2000, p. x.

  72. See Silvio Pons, Stalin and the inevitable war, 1936-1941, Frank Cass, 2002, pp. 205-10.

  73. Cited p. 116, Chris Bellamy, Absolute war: Soviet Russia in the Second World War: a modern history, Macmillan, 2007.

  74. Cited p. 292, Gabriel Gorodetsky, Grand delusion: Stalin and the German invasion of Russia, Yale University Press, 1999.

  75. Cited p. 18, Susan Butler, editor, My dear Mr. Stalin: the complete correspondence between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph V. Stalin, Yale University Press, 2005.

  Chapter 4 World War Two

  1. Chris Bellamy, Absolute war: Soviet Russia in the Second World War: a modern history, Macmillan, 2007, p. 208.

  2. Stephen G. Fritz, Ostkrieg: Hitler’s war of extermination in the East, University Press of Kentucky, 2011, p. 92.

  3. Cited p. 155, Edgar Snow, People on our side, Random House, 1944.

  4. Cited p. 156, Edgar Snow, Glory and bondage, Gollancz, 1945.

  5. Cited p. 36, Karel C. Berkhoff, Harvest of despair: life and death in Ukraine under Nazi rule, Harvard University Press, 2004.

  6. Cited p. 38, Karel C. Berkhoff, Harvest of despair: life and death in Ukraine under Nazi rule, Harvard University Press, 2004.

  7. Cited p. 68, Stephen G. Fritz, Ostkrieg: Hitler’s war of extermination in the East, University Press of Kentucky, 2011.

  8. Richard Overy, p. 42, The Second World War: a barbarous conflict, pp. 39-57, in George Kassimeris, editor, The barbarisation of warfare, Hurst & Company, 2006.

  9. Karel C. Berkhoff, Harvest of despair: life and death in Ukraine under Nazi rule, Harvard University Press, 2004, p. 90.

  10. Georgi Zhukov, Reminiscences and reflections, Volume 1, Progress Publishers, 1985, p. 297.

  11. Cited p. 339, Grover Furr, Khrushchev lied: the evidence that every ‘revelation’ of Stalin’s (and Beria’s) ‘crimes’ in Nikita Khrushchev’s infamous ‘secret speech’ to the 20th Party Congress of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union on February 25, 1956, is provably false, Erythrós Press & Media, corrected edition, July 2011.

  12. Bryan Fugate and Lev Dvoretsky, Thunder on the Dnepr: Zhukov-Stalin and the defeat of Hitler’s Blitzkrieg, Presidio Press, California, 1997, pp. xi-ii.

  13. Richard Overy, Russia’s war, Allen Lane, 1998, p. 64.

  14. Evan Mawdsley, World War II: a new history, Cambridge University Press, 2009, p. 140.

  15. Brian Fugate, Operation Barbarossa: strategy and tactics on the Eastern Front, 1941, Presidio Press, 1984, p. 58. For a full account, see his ‘Prewar Soviet Defense Planning and Strategy’, Chapter 1, pp. 13-59, especially pp. 33-59, ‘The Strategy for the Defense of the Soviet Union in 1941’; see also his pp. 184-5.

  16. Chris Bellamy, Absolute war: Soviet Russia in the Second World War: a modern history, Macmillan, 2007, p. 187.

  17. Von Hardesty and Ilya Grinberg, Red Phoenix Rising: the Soviet air force in World War II, University Press of Kansas, 2012, p. 49.

  18. David M. Glantz, Barbarossa derailed: the battle for Smolensk 10 July – 10 September 1941, Volume 2, Helion & Co. Ltd., 2012, pp. 504, 517 and 546.

  19. Von Hardesty and Ilya Grinberg, Red Phoenix Rising: the Soviet air force in World War II, University Press of Kansas, 2012, p. 57.

  20. Stephen Ambrose, Rise to globalism: American foreign policy since 1938, Pelican, 2nd edition, 1980, p. 51.

  21. Walter S. Dunn, Jr., Stalin’s keys to victory: the rebirth of the Red Army, Praeger Security International, 2006, pp. 4 and 5.

  22. Richard Overy, Russia’s war, Allen Lane, 1998, p. 214.

  23. See Chris Bellamy, Absolute war: Soviet Russia in the Second World War: a modern history, Macmillan, 2007, pp. 220-1.

  24. David M. Glantz, Barbarossa: Hitler’s invasion of Russia 1941, Tempus, 2001, pp. 72-3.

  25. Von Hardesty and Ilya Grinberg, Red Phoenix Rising: the Soviet air force in World War II, University Press of Kansas, 2012, p. 53.

  26. Max Hastings, All hell let loose: the world at war 1939-1945, Harper Press, 2011, p. 141.

  27. Stephen G. Fritz, Ostkrieg: Hitler’s war of extermination in the East, University Press of Kentucky, 2011, p. 230.

  28. David Glantz and Jonathan House, Armageddon in Stalingrad: The Stalingrad trilogy: Volume 2 September-November 1942, University Press of Kansas, 2009, p. 712.

  29. Cited p. 550, George C. Herring, From colony to superpower: U.S. foreign relations since 1776, Oxford University Press, 2008.

  30. Cited pp. 213-4, Edgar Snow, People on our side, Random House, 1944.

  31. Cited p. 69, Susan Butler, editor, My dear Mr. Stalin: the complete correspondence between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph V. Stalin, Yale University Press, 2005.

  32. Cited p. 145, Susan Butler, editor, My dear Mr. Stalin: the complete correspondence between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph V. Stalin, Yale University Press, 2005.

  33. Evan Mawdsley, Thunder in the east: the Nazi-Soviet war 1941-1945, Hodder Arnold, 2007, p. 245.

  34. Cited p. 156, Michael Schaller, The U.S. crusade in China, 1938-1945, Columbia University Press, 1979.

  35. Cited pp. 75 and 76, Susan Butler, editor, My dear Mr. Stalin: the complete correspondence between Franklin D. Roosevelt and Joseph V. Stalin, Yale University Press, 2005.

  36. Cited p. 389, Jan Triska and Robert Slusser, The theory, law, and policy of Soviet treaties, Stanford University Press, 1962.

  37. John Barber and Mark H
arrison, p. 226, Patriotic war, 1941-1945, Chapter 8, pp. 217-42, in Ronald Suny, editor, The Cambridge history of Russia, Volume III The twentieth century, Cambridge University Press, 2006.

  38. Wendy Lower, Nazi empire-building and the Holocaust in Ukraine, University of North Carolina Press, 2005, p. 2.

  39. Wendy Lower, Nazi empire-building and the Holocaust in Ukraine, University of North Carolina Press, 2005, p. 202.

  40. Karel Berkhoff, Harvest of despair: life and death in Ukraine under Nazi rule, Harvard University Press, 2004, pp. 306 and 308.

  41. Cited p. 46, Alexander Statiev, The Soviet counterinsurgency in the Western borderlands, Cambridge University Press, 2010. On OUN terrorism, see his pp. 123-32.

  42. Cited p. 289, Karel C. Berkhoff, Harvest of despair: life and death in Ukraine under Nazi rule, Harvard University Press, 2004.

  43. Cited p. 286, Karel C. Berkhoff, Harvest of despair: life and death in Ukraine under Nazi rule, Harvard University Press, 2004.

  44. Cited p. 126, Alexander Statiev, The Soviet counterinsurgency in the Western borderlands, Cambridge University Press, 2010.

  45. See Alfred J. Reiber, Civil wars in the Soviet Union, Kritika: explorations in Russian and Eurasian history, 2003, Vol. 4, No. 1, pp. 147-8. See also Jeffrey Burds, The holocaust in Rovno: the massacre at Sosenski Forest, November 1941, Palgrave Macmillan, 2013.

  46. Cited Daniel Lazare, Timothy Snyder’s lies, Jacobin, 9 September 2014, http://www.jacobinmag.com/2014/09/timothy-snyders-lies/, accessed 14 September 2014.

  47. Andrzej Paczkowski, The spring will be ours: Poland and the Poles from occupation to freedom, The Pennsylvania State University Press, 2003, p. 105.

  48. Hubert P. van Tuyll, Review of Martin Dean’s ‘Collaboration in the Holocaust crimes of the local police in Belorussia and Ukraine, 1941-44’, The Russian Review, 2001, Vol. 60, No. 3, pp. 448-9.

  49. See Prit Buttar, Between giants: the battle for the Baltics in World War Two, Osprey Publishing, 2013, pp. 86-7 and 97-8.

  50. See Prit Buttar, Between giants: the battle for the Baltics in World War Two, Osprey Publishing, 2013, pp. 139-41, 177-8, 205, 207-8 and 319.